Evaluation of silver nanospheres on viability and innate cellular parameters of gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata L.) head-kidney leucocytes

Several studies in fish have shown that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) causes a disparity of species-dependent physiological disorders without compromising survival. We studied the effect of dietary administration of AFB1 (2 mg AFB1 kg−1 diet) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles in combination with a challenge by stocking density (4 vs. 40 g L−1). The experimental period duration was ten days, and the diet with AFB1 was administered to the fish for 85 days prior to the stocking density challenge. Our results indicated an alteration in the carbohydrate and lipid metabolites mobilization in the AFB1 fed group, which was intensified at high stocking density (HSD). The CT group at HSD increased plasma cortisol levels, as expected, whereas the AFB1-HSD group did not. The star mRNA expression, an enzyme involved in cortisol synthesis in the head kidney, presented a ninefold increase in the AFB1 group at low stocking density (LSD) compared to the CT-LSD group. Adenohypophyseal gh mRNA expression increased in the AFB1-HSD but not in the CT-HSD group. Overall, these results confirmed that chronic AFB1 dietary exposure alters the adequate endocrinological physiological cascade response in S. aurata, compromising the expected stress response to an additional stressor, such as overcrowding.

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E.P3 Ontogeny of the head-kidney stroma of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.): An ultrastructural and cytochemcal study

Developmental & Comparative Immunology ◽

10.1016/0145-305x(94)90128-7 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

pp. S98

Keyword(s):

Sparus Aurata ◽

Head Kidney ◽

Gilthead Seabream

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Head kidney, liver and skin histopathology and gene expression in gilthead seabream ( Sparus aurata L.) exposed to highly polluted marine sediments from Portman Bay (Spain)

Chemosphere ◽

10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.02.009 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 174 ◽

pp. 563-571 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Said Ben Hamed ◽

Francisco Guardiola ◽

Alberto Cuesta ◽

Salvadora Martínez ◽

María José Martínez-Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Marine Sediments ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Head Kidney ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Kidney Liver

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Dietary Histidine, Threonine, or Taurine Supplementation Affects Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Immune Status

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11051193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1193

Author(s):

Lourenço Ramos-Pinto ◽

Marina Machado ◽

Josep Calduch-Giner ◽

Jaume Pérez-Sánchez ◽

Jorge Dias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Modulation ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Head Kidney ◽

Building Blocks ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Taurine Supplementation ◽

Skin Mucus ◽

Lectin Domain ◽

Humoral Immune ◽

Immune Parameters

AAs have become interesting feed ingredients to be used in functional fish feeds as not only are they protein building blocks, but they also participate in several other key metabolic processes. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis of transcriptomics, hematology, and humoral immune parameters (plasma and skin mucus) were measured twice over the course of the feeding trial (four weeks). Plasma antiprotease activity increased in fish fed Thr compared to those fed the CTRL and Tau treatments, regardless of sampling time. The bactericidal activity in skin mucus decreased in fish fed Tau and His treatments compared to those fed the CTRL diet after two weeks. The membrane IgT (mIgT) was upregulated in fish fed Tau after four weeks, while C-type lectin domain family domain 10 member (clec10a) was downregulated in fish fed Thr after two weeks of feeding. By comparing the molecular signatures of head-kidney by means of a PLS-DA, it is possible to visualize that the main difference is between the two sampling points, regardless of diet. Altogether, these results suggest that dietary supplementation with these AAs at the tested levels causes mild immune-modulation effects in gilthead seabream, which should be further studied under disease challenge conditions.

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Toxicological in vitro effects of heavy metals on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) head–kidney leucocytes

Toxicology in Vitro ◽

10.1016/j.tiv.2015.09.021 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 412-420 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Patricia Morcillo ◽

Héctor Cordero ◽

José Meseguer ◽

María Á. Esteban ◽

Alberto Cuesta

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Head Kidney ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

In Vitro Effects

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Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurataL.) innate defence against the parasiteEnteromyxum leei(Myxozoa)

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182005008759 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 132 (1) ◽

pp. 95-104 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

A. CUESTA ◽

P. MUÑOZ ◽

A. RODRÍGUEZ ◽

I. SALINAS ◽

A. SITJÀ-BOBADILLA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mrna Expression ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Head Kidney ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Fish Farms ◽

Complement Activity ◽

Immune Parameters ◽

Fish Group ◽

Innate Defence

The humoral innate immune response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurataL.) against the myxozoanEnteromyxum leeihas been studied. At 10, 22, 38, 52 and 108 days of cohabitation fish were sampled to examine gut histology and to determine serum innate immune parameters and the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNFα) in head-kidney. The parasite was successfully transmitted to 45% of the recipient fish and prevalence reached a maximum (62·5%) at the last sampling time (108 days). Recipient fish started to die after 74 days of cohabitation. In general, alternative complement activity was higher whereas the peroxidase level was lower in recipient fish than in controls. Moreover, IL-1β mRNA expression increased while the TNFα gene expression decreased in recipient fish. These data demonstrate the involvement of complement activity in the defence mechanisms of the gilthead seabream against the myxosporeanE. leei. Within the recipient fish group, few differences were observed in the studied immune parameters betweenE. leei-parasitized and non-parasitized recipient fish. Parasitological and immunological implications ofE. leeiinfections in Mediterranean fish farms are discussed.

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Stress-induced regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression in head kidney of Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe-07-0440 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 196 (2) ◽

pp. 313-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Juan Castillo ◽

Barbara Castellana ◽

Laura Acerete ◽

Josep V Planas ◽

Frederick W Goetz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Stress ◽

Sparus Aurata ◽

Regulatory Protein ◽

Head Kidney ◽

Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

High Sequence Identity ◽

Cortisol Levels ◽

Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory

Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) transfers cholesterol over the inner mitochondrial membrane. In mammals, StAR controls this rate-limiting step of steroidogenesis, but its expression and regulation has not been well explored in fish. The present work investigates StAR mRNA expression in the head kidney of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) under different stressors. We have cloned the StAR cDNA (1461 bp) in seabream (accession number EF640987), which has an open reading frame of 861 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 286 aa, and displays high sequence identity with StAR of other fish and mammalian counterparts. Seabream StAR transcripts were found to be expressed exclusively in head kidneys and gonads. In fish under acute stress (chased with a net), plasma cortisol levels peaked within 1 h, were still high after 6 h, and decreased after 16 h, although no increases in head kidney StAR expression were observed at any time post-stressor. Fish under chronic high-density stress showed cortisol levels 90-fold higher than controls and StAR mRNA levels increased threefold. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection increased head kidney StAR mRNA levels after 6 h, reached a maximum at 12 h, and decreased until 72 h. When the head kidney cells were incubated in vitro and treated with ACTH or LPS, ACTH induced an increase in StAR expression as expected, but LPS induced a reduction in StAR expression. In conclusion, StAR expression in seabream head kidneys is highly regulated by different stressors.

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Stress-related hormones modulate cytokine expression in the head kidney of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

Fish & Shellfish Immunology ◽

10.1016/j.fsi.2009.06.021 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 493-499 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

Juan Castillo ◽

Mariana Teles ◽

Simon Mackenzie ◽

Lluis Tort

Keyword(s):

Sparus Aurata ◽

Head Kidney ◽

Cytokine Expression ◽

Gilthead Seabream

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A role for acidophilic granulocytes in the testis of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L., Teleostei)

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1790165 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 179 (2) ◽

pp. 165-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

E Chaves-Pozo ◽

P Pelegrin ◽

V Mulero ◽

J Meseguer ◽

A Garcia Ayala

Keyword(s):

Sparus Aurata ◽

Head Kidney ◽

Gilthead Seabream ◽

Specific Monoclonal Antibody ◽

Cell Type ◽

Intracellular Accumulation ◽

Respiratory Burst Activity ◽

Sexual Steroids ◽

Post Spawning

In mammals, a complex interaction between the immune and the reproductive systems has been described, in which testicular immune cells produce cytokines and growth factors which modulate gonad functions, while specific gonad cells influence the immune response in this organ. In this study we describe the presence of acidophilic granulocytes in the testis of the hermaphrodite teleost fish gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) by using a specific monoclonal antibody. During the post-spawning stage of the testis, this cell type appears in the germinal compartment, accumulates interleukin (IL)-1beta and does not seem to be involved in the phagocytosis of degenerating cells. Moreover, in vitro, 11-ketotestosterone and 17beta-oestradiol, the principal fish sexual steroids, regulate the respiratory burst activity of acidophilic granulocytes obtained from the head-kidney (the bone marrow equivalent in fish) and the intracellular accumulation of IL-1beta by these cells. It is likely, therefore, that IL-1beta produced by testicular acidophilic granulocytes regulates important functions of the testis in fish.

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