Thiophene mitigates high temperature fouling of metal surfaces in oil refining

FIRTH VICKERS F.I. (A1)

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ss0236 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

Keyword(s):

Fracture Toughness ◽

Corrosion Resistance ◽

High Temperature ◽

Stainless Steels ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Corrosion Resistant ◽

Temperature Performance ◽

Plant Equipment ◽

Corrosion Resistant Alloy

Abstract FIRTH VICKERS FI (A1) is a chromium type heat and corrosion resistant alloy steel recommended for oil refining and chemical plant equipment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SS-236. Producer or source: Firth-Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd.

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Investigation of heat exchange in the water-spray cooling of high-temperature metal surfaces

Journal of Engineering Physics ◽

10.1007/bf00823252 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 900-905

Author(s):

L. I. Urbanovich ◽

V. A. Goryainov ◽

V. V. Sevost'yanov ◽

Yu. G. Boev ◽

V. M. Niskovskikh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Heat Exchange ◽

Metal Surfaces ◽

Spray Cooling ◽

Water Spray ◽

Water Spray Cooling

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Monitoring of heat-induced carcinogenic compounds (3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters and glycidyl esters) in fries

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-72118-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yu Hua Wong ◽

Kok Ming Goh ◽

Kar Lin Nyam ◽

Ling Zhi Cheong ◽

Yong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Oil Refining ◽

Oil Oxidation ◽

Frying Temperature ◽

Glycidyl Esters ◽

Mcpd Esters ◽

Frying Cycle ◽

Safety Limit ◽

Cycle Temperature ◽

Added Salt

Abstract 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) esters and glycidyl esters (GE) are heat-induced contaminants which form during oil refining process, particularly at the high temperature deodorization stage. It is worth to investigate the content of 3-MCPD and GE in fries which also involved high temperature. The content of 3-MCPD esters and GE were monitored in fries. The factors that been chosen were temperature and duration of frying, and different concentration of salt (NaCl). The results in our study showed that the effect was in the order of concentration of sodium chloride < frying duration < frying temperature. The content of 3-MCPD esters was significantly increased whereas GE was significantly decreased, when prolong the frying duration. A high temperature results in a high 3-MCPD ester level but a low GE level in fries. The present of salt had contributed significant influence to the generation of 3-MCPD. The soaking of potato chips in salt showed no significant effect on the level of GE during the frying. The oil oxidation tests showed that all the fries were below the safety limit. Hence, the frying cycle, temperature and the added salt to carbohydrate-based food during frying should be monitored.

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Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Oxide Films Formed on Metallic Surfaces as Measured Using a Tribological Approach at High Temperature

Advances in Tribology ◽

10.1155/2011/974065 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Yoshinori Isomoto Oka ◽

Toshinori Tsumura

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Metal Surfaces ◽

Oxide Films ◽

Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽

Material Surface ◽

Metallic Surfaces ◽

Adhesive Properties ◽

Mechanical Removal ◽

Barrier Coating ◽

The Impact

The surface degradation of metals in boiler tubes and turbines in high-temperature corrosive environments causes severe problems in fuel combustion power plant systems. High-temperature resistant materials have been recently developed using a thermal barrier coating (TBC) and high-chromium alloys. Oxide films or coatings formed on metal surfaces at high temperatures can sometimes decrease the corrosion rate. However, the damage to the material is often accelerated by the mechanical removal of corrosion products from the material surface. It is therefore very important to investigate the mechanical and adhesive properties of the oxide films or coatings on metal surfaces used in high-temperature environments. This paper introduces a tribological method that uses a single spherical projectile impact at high temperature to measure the mechanical and adhesive properties of oxide films formed on various metal surfaces. Impact tests were performed on the surfaces of oxide films after their growth in a high-temperature furnace, and the deformed or fractured surfaces were observed in order to measure the mechanical and adhesive properties. The mechanical and adhesive properties of an elastic modulus, fracture, and exfoliation stresses were measured using the impact method, and the results depended on the type of metal oxide films and on the high-temperature environment.

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Freezing of High-Temperature Phase in Vinylidene Fluoride/Trifluoroethylene Copolymer Crystals on Vacuum-Evaporated Metal Surfaces

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.1143/jjap.46.l1170 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 46 (No. 47) ◽

pp. L1170-L1172 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Thuy-Trang Hua ◽

Takashi Itoh ◽

Jian-An Hou ◽

Susumu Fujiwara ◽

Masato Hashimoto

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Metal Surfaces ◽

Vinylidene Fluoride ◽

High Temperature Phase ◽

Temperature Phase

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A "FREE SPACE" ABSORPTION CELL FOR MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY

Canadian Journal of Physics ◽

10.1139/p57-028 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 241-247 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C. C. Costain

Keyword(s):

Free Radicals ◽

High Temperature ◽

Free Space ◽

Metal Surfaces ◽

Microwave Spectroscopy ◽

Vapor Pressures ◽

Absorption Cell ◽

Microwave Spectrometer ◽

Microwave Components ◽

Pyrex Tube

The absorption cell consists simply of a pyrex tube with a polystyrene lens and microwave horn at each end to couple to the standard microwave components. The lenses also serve as the vacuum windows. The attenuation at 8.5 mm. wavelength is 3.4 db. for a 250 cm. cell. Since there are no metal surfaces, this type of cell is very suitable for the investigation of reactive molecules. It can readily be employed in a high temperature microwave spectrometer for the investigation of corrosive substances with low vapor pressures, or in a Zeeman modulation spectrometer for the study of free radicals.

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Mechanisms of Mound Coarsening in Unstable Epitaxial Growth

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-570-11 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 570 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jacques G. Amar

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Epitaxial Growth ◽

Crucial Role ◽

Metal Surfaces ◽

Surface Current ◽

Growth Exponent ◽

Island Growth ◽

Asymptotic Value ◽

Mound Morphology

ABSTRACTThe effects of various island and mound relaxation mechanisms on the mound morphology and asymptotic mound coarsening exponent n are investigated for growth on fcc/bcc(001) and fcc (111) metal surfaces. While the strength of the diffusion bias (due for example to an Ehrlich-Schwoebel step barrier) affects the crossover time, the presence or absence of corner diffusion is found to play a crucial role in determining the asymptotic value of the coarsening exponent. In the absence of island-relaxation or in the case of island-relaxation without rapid corner diffusion the asymptotic exponent is found to satisfy n ≃ 1/4. However, when rapid corner-diffusion is allowed, the coarsening exponent is found to approach 1/3. For the case of reversible island growth a strong step-barrier leads to an effective corner diffusion so that a growth exponent of either 1/4 or 1/3 may be observed depending on the strength of the step-barrier. These results appear to account for recent experimental observations of a large coarsening exponent (n ≃ 0.33) in epitaxial growth of Rh/Rh(111) at high temperature as well as of a smaller coarsening exponent (n ≃ 1/4) observed in epitaxial growth of Fe/Fe(001) and Cu/Cu(001). An explanation for these results is also presented in terms of the effects of corner diffusion on the surface current and mound morphology.

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