Developments in calcium/chemical looping and metal oxide redox cycles for high-temperature thermochemical energy storage: A review

High-temperature thermal energy storage enables concentrated solar power plants to provide base load. Thermochemical energy storage is based on reversible gas–solid reactions and brings along the advantage of potential loss-free energy storage in the form of separated reaction products and possible high energy densities. The redox reaction of metal oxides is able to store thermal energy at elevated temperatures with air providing the gaseous reaction partner. However, due to the high temperature level, it is crucial to extract both the inherent sensible and thermochemical energies of the metal-oxide particles for enhanced system efficiency. So far, experimental research in the field of thermochemical energy storage focused mainly on solar receivers for continuously charging metal oxides. A continuously operated system of energy storage and solar tower decouples the storage capacity from generated power with metal-oxide particles applied as heat transfer medium and energy storage material. Hence, a heat exchanger based on a countercurrent moving bed concept was developed in a kW -scale. The reactor addresses the combined utilization of the reaction enthalpy of the oxidation and the extraction of thermal energy of a manganese–iron-oxide particle flow. A stationary temperature profile of the bulk was achieved with two distinct temperature sections. The oxidation induced a nearly isothermal section with an overall stable off-gas temperature. The oxidation and heat extraction from the manganese–iron oxide resulted in a total energy density of 569 kJ/kg with a thermochemical share of 21.1%.

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Thermochemical energy storage at high temperature via redox cycles of Mn and Co oxides: Pure oxides versus mixed ones

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells ◽

10.1016/j.solmat.2013.12.018 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 123 ◽

pp. 47-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Alfonso J. Carrillo ◽

Javier Moya ◽

Alicia Bayón ◽

Prabhas Jana ◽

Víctor A. de la Peña O’Shea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Redox Cycles

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DISCHARGING PROCESS OF A HIGH-TEMPERATURE HEAT PIPE-ASSISTED THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM WITH NANO-ENAHNCED PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL

10.1615/tfec2019.tes.028083 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Saeed Tiari ◽

Olivia L. Rose ◽

Mahboobe Mahdavi

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Thermal Energy Storage ◽

Storage System ◽

Energy Storage System ◽

Thermal Energy Storage System ◽

Temperature Heat ◽

High Temperature Heat Pipe ◽

Change Material

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Demonstration of Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage in Zinc Oxide Microencapsulated Sodium Nitrate

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11136234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 6234

Author(s):

Ciprian Neagoe ◽

Ioan Albert Tudor ◽

Cristina Florentina Ciobota ◽

Cristian Bogdanescu ◽

Paul Stanciu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Thermal Properties ◽

High Temperature ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Phase Change ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Sodium Nitrate ◽

Thermal Energy Storage ◽

Metal Corrosion ◽

Scanning Calorimetry

Microencapsulation of sodium nitrate (NaNO3) as phase change material for high temperature thermal energy storage aims to reduce costs related to metal corrosion in storage tanks. The goal of this work was to test in a prototype thermal energy storage tank (16.7 L internal volume) the thermal properties of NaNO3 microencapsulated in zinc oxide shells, and estimate the potential of NaNO3–ZnO microcapsules for thermal storage applications. A fast and scalable microencapsulation procedure was developed, a flow calorimetry method was adapted, and a template document created to perform tank thermal transfer simulation by the finite element method (FEM) was set in Microsoft Excel. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transient plane source (TPS) methods were used to measure, in small samples, the temperature dependency of melting/solidification heat, specific heat, and thermal conductivity of the NaNO3–ZnO microcapsules. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical analysis demonstrated the stability of microcapsules over multiple tank charge–discharge cycles. The energy stored as latent heat is available for a temperature interval from 303 to 285 °C, corresponding to onset–offset for NaNO3 solidification. Charge–self-discharge experiments on the pilot tank showed that the amount of thermal energy stored in this interval largely corresponds to the NaNO3 content of the microcapsules; the high temperature energy density of microcapsules is estimated in the range from 145 to 179 MJ/m3. Comparison between real tank experiments and FEM simulations demonstrated that DSC and TPS laboratory measurements on microcapsule thermal properties may reliably be used to design applications for thermal energy storage.

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Multidisciplinary Approaches for Assessing a High Temperature Borehole Thermal Energy Storage Facility at Linköping, Sweden

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14144379 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (14) ◽

pp. 4379

Author(s):

Max Hesselbrandt ◽

Mikael Erlström ◽

Daniel Sopher ◽

Jose Acuna

Keyword(s):

Thermal Properties ◽

High Temperature ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Thermal Energy ◽

Thermal Energy Storage ◽

Thermal Response ◽

Site Investigation ◽

Thermal Response Test ◽

Response Test ◽

Crystalline Bedrock

Assessing the optimal placement and design of a large-scale high temperature energy storage system in crystalline bedrock is a challenging task. This study applies and evaluates various methods and strategies for pre-site investigation for a potential high temperature borehole thermal energy storage (HT-BTES) system at Linköping in Sweden. The storage is required to shift approximately 70 GWh of excess heat generated from a waste incineration plant during the summer to the winter season. Ideally, the site for the HT-BTES system should be able to accommodate up to 1400 wells to 300 m depth. The presence of major fracture zones, high groundwater flow, anisotropic thermal properties, and thick Quaternary overburden are all factors that play an important role in the performance of an HT-BTES system. Inadequate input data to the modeling and design increases the risk of unsatisfactory performance, unwanted thermal impact on the surroundings, and suboptimal placement of the HT-BTES system, especially in a complex crystalline bedrock setting. Hence, it is crucial that the subsurface geological conditions and associated thermal properties are suitably characterized as part of pre-investigation work. In this study, we utilize a range of methods for pre-site investigation in the greater Distorp area, in the vicinity of Linköping. Ground geophysical methods, including magnetic and Very Low-Frequency (VLF) measurements, are collected across the study area together with outcrop observations and lab analysis on rock samples. Borehole investigations are conducted, including Thermal Response Test (TRT) and Distributed Thermal Response Test (DTRT) measurements, as well as geophysical wireline logging. Drone-based photogrammetry is also applied to characterize the fracture distribution and orientation in outcrops. In the case of the Distorp site, these methods have proven to give useful information to optimize the placement of the HT-BTES system and to inform design and modeling work. Furthermore, many of the methods applied in the study have proven to require only a fraction of the resources required to drill a single well, and hence, can be considered relatively efficient.

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Thermochemical Energy Storage Performance Analysis of (Fe,Co,Mn)Ox Mixed Metal Oxides

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11030362 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 362

Author(s):

Yabibal Getahun Dessie ◽

Qi Hong ◽

Bachirou Guene Lougou ◽

Juqi Zhang ◽

Boshu Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Metal Oxide ◽

Metal Oxides ◽

Redox Reaction ◽

Gas Flow ◽

Oxygen Exchange ◽

Engineering Industry ◽

Oxide Material ◽

Oxide Materials ◽

Uptake Ratio

Metal oxide materials are known for their ability to store thermochemical energy through reversible redox reactions. Metal oxides provide a new category of materials with exceptional performance in terms of thermochemical energy storage, reaction stability and oxygen-exchange and uptake capabilities. However, these characteristics are predicated on the right combination of the metal oxide candidates. In this study, metal oxide materials consisting of pure oxides, like cobalt(II) oxide, manganese(II) oxide, and iron(II, III) oxide (Fe3O4), and mixed oxides, such as (100 wt.% CoO, 100 wt.% Fe3O4, 100 wt.% CoO, 25 wt.% MnO + 75 wt.% CoO, 75 wt.% MnO + 25 wt.% CoO) and 50 wt.% MnO + 50.wt.% CoO), which was subjected to a two-cycle redox reaction, was proposed. The various mixtures of metal oxide catalysts proposed were investigated through the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. The effect of argon (Ar) and oxygen (O2) at different gas flow rates (20, 30, and 50 mL/min) and temperature at thermal charging step and thermal discharging step (30–1400 °C) during the redox reaction were investigated. It was revealed that on the overall, 50 wt.% MnO + 50 wt.% CoO oxide had the most stable thermal stability and oxygen exchange to uptake ratio (0.83 and 0.99 at first and second redox reaction cycles, respectively). In addition, 30 mL/min Ar–20 mL/min O2 gas flow rate further increased the proposed (Fe,Co,Mn)Ox mixed oxide catalyst’s cyclic stability and oxygen uptake ratio. SEM revealed that the proposed (Fe,Co,Mn)Ox material had a smooth surface and consisted of polygonal-shaped structures. Thus, the proposed metallic oxide material can effectively be utilized for high-density thermochemical energy storage purposes. This study is of relevance to the power engineering industry and academia.

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Facile fabrication of graphene-based high-performance microsupercapacitors operating at high temperature of 150 oC

Nanoscale Advances ◽

10.1039/d1na00220a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Viktoriia Mishukova ◽

Nicolas Boulanger ◽

Artem Iakunkov ◽

Szymon Sollami Delekta ◽

Xiaodong Zhuang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Energy Storage ◽

High Performance ◽

Electronic Circuits ◽

Industry Applications ◽

Facile Fabrication ◽

On Chip

Many industry applications require electronic circuits and systems to operate at high temperature over 150 oC. Although planar microsupercapacitors (MSCs) have great potential for miniaturized on-chip integrated energy storage components,...

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