Contribution of lower limb eccentric work and different step responses to balance recovery among older adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanatsu Nagano ◽  
Pazit Levinger ◽  
Calum Downie ◽  
Alan Hayes ◽  
Rezaul Begg
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Balance Recovery ◽  
Eccentric Work ◽  
Step Responses

scholarly journals Promoting Generalized Learning in Balance Recovery Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Sara A. Harper ◽  
Anne Z. Beethe ◽  
Christopher J. Dakin ◽  
David A. E. Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Motor Learning ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Balance Training ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Balance Recovery ◽  
Parallel Streams ◽  
Postural Perturbations ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Recent studies have shown balance recovery can be enhanced via task-specific training, referred to as perturbation-based balance training (PBT). These interventions rely on principles of motor learning where repeated exposure to task-relevant postural perturbations results in more effective compensatory balance responses. Evidence indicates that compensatory responses trained using PBT can be retained for many months and can lead to a reduction in falls in community-dwelling older adults. A notable shortcoming with PBT is that it does not transfer well to similar but contextually different scenarios (e.g., falling sideways versus a forward trip). Given that it is not feasible to train all conditions in which someone could fall, this limited transfer presents a conundrum; namely, how do we best use PBT to appropriately equip people to deal with the enormous variety of fall-inducing scenarios encountered in daily life? In this perspective article, we draw from fields of research that explore how general learning can be promoted. From this, we propose a series of methods, gleaned from parallel streams of research, to inform and hopefully optimize this emerging field where people receive training to specifically improve their balance reactions.

scholarly journals Near-falls in Singapore community-dwelling older adults: a feasibility study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn Leng-Hsien Soh ◽  
Chee-Wee Tan ◽  
Judith Lane ◽  
Ting-Ting Yeh ◽  
Benjamin Soon
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Reach To Grasp ◽  
Balance Recovery ◽  
Recruitment And Retention ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Near Falls ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background A near-fall is defined as a loss of balance that would result in a fall if sufficient balance recovery manoeuvres are not executed. Compared to falls, near-falls and its associated balance recovery manoeuvres have been understudied. Older adults may not recognise a near-fall or identify the use of their balance recovery manoeuvres to prevent a fall. The consensus on the methods to collect near-fall data is lacking. The primary objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of recruitment and retention. Secondary objectives were to establish evidence that Singapore community-dwelling older adults can identify near-falls and associated balance recovery manoeuvres. Texting and calling methods were explored as reporting methods. Methods This study took place in Singapore (September to October 2019). Participants were healthy, community-dwelling adults aged 65 or older. Recruitment was done through poster advertisement, and all participants gave informed consent. Participants attended a briefing session and reported their near-fall or fall incidence over 21 days using either daily texting or calling. The primary outcome measures were the recruitment rate, retention rate, preferred modes for data reporting and ability to report near-falls or falls. Secondary outcomes included the self-reported incidence of falls and near-falls. Results Thirty older adults were recruited in 5 weeks. All participants completed the study. They understood near-fall concepts and were able to report the occurrence and relevant balance recovery manoeuvres used to prevent a fall. 87% (26/30) chose to text while 13% (4/30) selected calling as their reporting method. One actual fall (0.16%) out of 630 responses was reported. Thirty-six incidents (5.7%) of near-falls were recorded. Sixteen participants (53.3%) experienced near-falls and half of this group experienced two or more near-falls. The use of reach-to-grasp strategy (36%), compensatory stepping (52.8%), and other body regions (11.2%) were used to prevent the fall. Conclusions The study provided evidence that studying near-falls in Singapore community-dwelling older adults is feasible and can be applied to a large-scale study. Recruitment and retention rates were good. Older adults were able to identify near-falls and balance recovery manoeuvres. Both texting and calling were feasible reporting methods, but texting was preferred. Trial registration ClinicalTrials identifier: NCT04087551. Registered on September 12, 2019

The effect of lower limb muscle fatigue on obstacle negotiation during walking in older adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna L. Hatton ◽  
Jasmine C. Menant ◽  
Stephen R. Lord ◽  
Joanne C.M. Lo ◽  
Daina L. Sturnieks
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle

scholarly journals Losing touch: age-related changes in plantar skin sensitivity, lower limb cutaneous reflex strength, and postural stability in older adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 1848-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan M. Peters ◽  
Monica D. McKeown ◽  
Mark G. Carpenter ◽  
J. Timothy Inglis
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Detection Thresholds ◽  
Cutaneous Reflex ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Changes

Age-related changes in the density, morphology, and physiology of plantar cutaneous receptors negatively impact the quality and quantity of balance-relevant information arising from the foot soles. Plantar perceptual sensitivity declines with age and may predict postural instability; however, alteration in lower limb cutaneous reflex strength may also explain greater instability in older adults and has yet to be investigated. We replicated the age-related decline in sensitivity by assessing monofilament and vibrotactile (30 and 250 Hz) detection thresholds near the first metatarsal head bilaterally in healthy young and older adults. We additionally applied continuous 30- and 250-Hz vibration to drive mechanically evoked reflex responses in the tibialis anterior muscle, measured via surface electromyography. To investigate potential relationships between plantar sensitivity, cutaneous reflex strength, and postural stability, we performed posturography in subjects during quiet standing without vision. Anteroposterior and mediolateral postural stability decreased with age, and increases in postural sway amplitude and frequency were significantly correlated with increases in plantar detection thresholds. With 30-Hz vibration, cutaneous reflexes were observed in 95% of young adults but in only 53% of older adults, and reflex gain, coherence, and cumulant density at 30 Hz were lower in older adults. Reflexes were not observed with 250-Hz vibration, suggesting this high-frequency cutaneous input is filtered out by motoneurons innervating tibialis anterior. Our findings have important implications for assessing the risk of balance impairment in older adults.

Validity of measures for life space mobility and physical activity in older adults with lower-limb amputation

2021 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Esfandiari ◽  
William C Miller ◽  
Gordon Tao ◽  
Bita Imam ◽  
Ehsan Misaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limb Amputation ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Life Space

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a 3-month antifalling program in the mobility, balance confidence, and muscle performance of older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-255
Author(s):  
Rahim Nor ◽  
Maria Justine ◽  
Angelbeth Joanny ◽  
Azrul Anuar Zolkafli
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Limb Function ◽  
Balance Confidence ◽  
Risk Of Fall ◽  
Lower Limb Function

This study determined the effectiveness of a 3-month group-based multicomponent exercise program in the mobility, balance confidence, and muscle performance of older adults. A total of 40 participants (mean age=70.60±6.25 years completed pre- and posttest clinical intervention measures of mobility using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, balance confidence using the Activities-specific Balance Confidence scale, upper limb strength (handgrip dynamometer), and lower limb function (30-sec chair rise test). Data were analyzed using paired t-test and based on TUG criteria for risk of fall (low- and high-risk groups). Significant improvements were found in all measures (All P<0.05) following the 3-month program. Measures according to the risk of fall categories were also significantly improved (P<0.01), except the left handgrip strength (P>0.05). The low-risk group showed a higher improvement in mobility (14.87% vs. 11.74%), balance confidence (34.21% vs. 26.08%), and lower limb function (96.87% vs. 21.20%) but was not significantly different from the high-risk group (P>0.05). A group-based multicomponent exercise program benefited the physical functions of older adults at low- or high risk of falls.

Lower limb muscle mass is associated with insulin resistance more than lower limb muscle strength in non‐diabetic older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1254-1259
Author(s):  
Toshiaki Seko ◽  
Hiroshi Akasaka ◽  
Masayuki Koyama ◽  
Nobuaki Himuro ◽  
Shigeyuki Saitoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Lower Limb Muscle ◽  
Limb Muscle

scholarly journals Lower-Limb Factors Associated with Balance and Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Clinical Synthesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Neville ◽  
Hung Nguyen ◽  
Kim Ross ◽  
Mariana Wingood ◽  
Elizabeth Walker Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Falls In Older Adults

Background Despite sufficient evidence to suggest that lower-limb–related factors may contribute to fall risk in older adults, lower-limb and footwear influences on fall risk have not been systematically summarized for readers and clinicians. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and synethesize the literature related to lower-limb, foot, and footwear factors that may increase the risk of falling among community-dwelling older adults. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and AgeLine. To describe the trajectory toward increasing risk of falls, we examined those articles that linked age-related changes in the lower limb or footwear to prospective falls or linked them to evidenced-based fall risk factors, such as gait and balance impairment. Results This systematic review consisted of 81 articles that met the review criteria, and the results reflect a narrative review of the appraised literature for eight pathways of lower-limb–related influences on fall risk in older adults. Six of the eight pathways support a direct link to fall risk. Two other pathways link to the intermediate factors but lack studies that provide evidence of a direct link. Conclusions This review provides strong guidance to advance understanding and assist with managing the link between lower-limb factors and falls in older adults. Due to the lack of literature in specific areas, some recommendations were based on observational studies and should be applied with caution until further research can be completed.

scholarly journals Gaze Behavior of Older Adults During Rapid Balance-Recovery Reactions

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 885-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Zettel ◽  
W. E. McIlroy ◽  
B. E. Maki
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Balance Recovery
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