scholarly journals A validation of neural co-activation as a measure of attentional focus in a postural task

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 229-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby J. Ellmers ◽  
Guilherme Machado ◽  
Thomson Wai-Lung Wong ◽  
Frank Zhu ◽  
A. Mark Williams ◽  
...  
Retos ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 93-99
Author(s):  
Brenda Arce-Cifuentes ◽  
Alejandro Bas-Cerdá ◽  
Xavier Garcia-Masso

El objetivo principal de este estudio es analizar el efecto de la auto-selección del foco de atención sobre el aprendizaje de una tarea motriz. Cuarenta participantes se distribuyeron en cuatro grupos en función del foco de atención (en la tarea motriz o cognitiva) y la selección del foco (auto-selección o imposición). Todos los sujetos realizaron un pre-test, práctica, post-test y retención (24 horas después). Durante los test solo realizaron una tarea de equilibrio sobre una plataforma que generaba inestabilidad en el eje medio-lateral. Sin embargo, durante la práctica todos realizaron la tarea de equilibrio junto con una tarea cognitiva de memoria de trabajo. El grupo centrado en la tarea cognitiva (impuesto) mostró una mejora de todas las variables de la tarea motriz en la retención. La conclusión de este estudio es que la imposición del foco de atención sobre la tarea cognitiva favorece el aprendizaje motriz de una tarea de equilibrio.Abstract. The main aim of this study is to analyse the impact of the self-selection of the focus of attention on the learning of a motor task. Forty participants were divided into four groups according to focus of attention (focused on motor or cognitive tasks) and focus selection (self-selection or imposition). All subjects performed a pre-test, practice, post-test, and retention (24 hours later). During tests, participants performed the postural task on a balance platform with instability in the medio-lateral direction. However, during practices they all carried out the same postural task, together with a backward span digit test. The group which focused on the cognitive task (imposed) showed improvements in all variables at retention. As a conclusion, imposing the focus of attention in cognitive tasks favours motor learning.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Shawn Wiseman ◽  
Shahab Alizadeh ◽  
Israel Halperin ◽  
Behzad Lahouti ◽  
Nicholas J. Snow ◽  
...  

We examined the effects of attentional focus cues on maximal voluntary force output of the elbow flexors and the underlying physiological mechanisms. Eleven males participated in two randomized experimental sessions. In each session, four randomized blocks of three maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) were performed. The blocks consisted of two externally and two internally attentional focus cued blocks. In one of the sessions, corticospinal excitability (CSE) was measured. During the stimulation session transcranial magnetic, transmastoid and Erb’s point stimulations were used to induce motor evoked potentials (MEPs), cervicomedullary MEP (CMEPs) and maximal muscle action potential (Mmax), respectively in the biceps brachii. Across both sessions forces were lower (p = 0.024) under the internal (282.4 ± 60.3 N) compared to the external condition (310.7 ± 11.3 N). Muscle co-activation was greater (p = 0.016) under the internal (26.3 ± 11.5%) compared with the external condition (21.5 ± 9.4%). There was no change in CSE. Across both sessions, force measurements were lower (p = 0.033) during the stimulation (279.0 ± 47.1 N) compared with the no-stimulation session (314.1 ± 57.5 N). In conclusion, external focus increased force, likely due to reduced co-activation. Stimulating the corticospinal pathway may confound attentional focus. The stimulations may distract participants from the cues and/or disrupt areas of the cortex responsible for attention and focus.


2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Sturm

Abstract: Behavioral and PET/fMRI-data are presented to delineate the functional networks subserving alertness, sustained attention, and vigilance as different aspects of attention intensity. The data suggest that a mostly right-hemisphere frontal, parietal, thalamic, and brainstem network plays an important role in the regulation of attention intensity, irrespective of stimulus modality. Under conditions of phasic alertness there is less right frontal activation reflecting a diminished need for top-down regulation with phasic extrinsic stimulation. Furthermore, a high overlap between the functional networks for alerting and spatial orienting of attention is demonstrated. These findings support the hypothesis of a co-activation of the posterior attention system involved in spatial orienting by the anterior alerting network. Possible implications of these findings for the therapy of neglect are proposed.


2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Wininger ◽  
Patty Bamonti ◽  
Rebecca Bridges ◽  
Sarah Pociask ◽  
Diana Gieske

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna S. P. Petaisto ◽  
David C. Matz ◽  
Hillary B. Manning
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Evan T. Cohen ◽  
Nancy McNevin ◽  
Angela Hegamin ◽  
Sharon A. Nazarchuk

Author(s):  
Helen Engemann

Abstract Simultaneous bilingual children sometimes display crosslinguistic influence (CLI), widely attested in the domain of morphosyntax. It remains less clear whether CLI affects bilinguals’ event construal, what motivates its occurrence and directionality, and how developmentally persistent it is. The present study tested predictions generated by the structural overlap hypothesis and the co-activation account in the motion event domain. 96 English–French bilingual children of two age groups and 96 age-matched monolingual English and French controls were asked to describe animated videos displaying voluntary motion events. Semantic encoding in main verbs showed bidirectional CLI. Unidirectional CLI affected French path encoding in the verbal periphery and was predicted by the presence of boundary-crossing, despite the absence of structural overlap. Furthermore, CLI increased developmentally in the French data. It is argued that these findings reflect highly dynamic co-activation patterns sensitive to the requirements of the task and to language-specific challenges in the online production process.


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