Market Overreaction at the Beginning of Covid-19 Pandemic Periods in Indonesia Stock Exchange

This study aims to determine whether the markets overreaction occurred in Indonesian capital market in the beginning of Covid-19 pandemic periods, especially in Indonesia Stock Exchange. This market overreaction is the one of anomalies in capital market and is opposite the efficient market hypotheses. Bad or good information is a trigger for investors reactions that cause anomalies such as this market overreaction. The information can be sourced from internal and external conditions of the company. The external condition that is currently affecting the national and international economy are the Corona pandemic (Covid-19) which has spread around the end of 2019. Based on the phenomenon occurs, the purposes of this study are to test: (a) Did market overreaction occur in Indonesian capital market in the beginning of Covid-19 pandemic periods? (b) Is a contrarian strategy relevant to be implemented? (c) Does the market risk factor based on the CAPM will affect the abnormal return? Keywords: CAPM; Market Overreaction; Return Reversal

Acting Surprised: Comparing Perceptions of Different Dynamic Deliberate Expressions

People are accurate at classifying emotions from facial expressions but much poorer at determining if such expressions are spontaneously felt or deliberately posed. We explored if the method used by senders to produce an expression influences the decoder’s ability to discriminate authenticity, drawing inspiration from two well-known acting techniques: the Stanislavski (internal) and Mimic method (external). We compared spontaneous surprise expressions in response to a jack-in-the-box (genuine condition), to posed displays of senders who either focused on their past affective state (internal condition) or the outward expression (external condition). Although decoders performed better than chance at discriminating the authenticity of all expressions, their accuracy was lower in classifying external surprise compared to internal surprise. Decoders also found it harder to discriminate external surprise from spontaneous surprise and were less confident in their decisions, perceiving these to be similarly intense but less genuine-looking. The findings suggest that senders are capable of voluntarily producing genuine-looking expressions of emotions with minimal effort, especially by mimicking a genuine expression. Implications for research on emotion recognition are discussed.

EXTERNAL CONDITION TO ECO-BEHAVIOURS IN MELAKA GREEN CITY

External Condition [EC] to eco-behaviours relates to the macro context of a person representing the person’s façade towards his context. EC manifests in the perception and attitude towards surrounding circumstances such as the accessibility to conducive natural surroundings, encouragement to pro environmental behaviours, convenience to be environmentally responsible and favourable law enforcement. Issue: 10 years has passed since the Green City Action Plan [MGCAP] and Sustainable Urban Development Framework [SUDF] were introduced. The Melaka EC to eco-behaviours needs to be assessed to determine the impact of the MGCAP and SUDF to EC of eco-behaviours. Purpose: This paper aims to compare the EC of Melaka residents to residents of other states in Malaysia. Approach: One-Way MANOVA was generated to determine the mean distribution of 10 EC items, across Malaysia States. Findings: There were significant differences within subjects of the 10 EC items between-subjects of Malaysia States. The Post-Hoc Test indicated almost all of the means of EC items for Melaka were higher than other states. The MGCAP and the SUDF shows a positive impact on the EC to a sustainable community.

Fixing Up after Tearing Down: The Impact of Demolitions on Residential Investment

Does the presence of deteriorating housing affect nearby property owner’s decision to maintain their units? Does demolishing these distressed houses increase nearby homeowner’s maintenance investment? In this paper, I examine these questions by testing whether exposure to targeted demolitions of abandoned and distressed housing affects changes in the external condition of nearby houses. Using two waves of a property inventory in Cleveland, Ohio, my models suggest that, compared with a control group of houses located near vacant housing, proximity to demolitions decreases the likelihood that a property’s condition deteriorated between 2015 and 2018 and increases the likelihood that it improved.

МЕТОДИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ДЕКОРАТИВНОСТІ ДЕРЕВНИХ РОСЛИН ВІДДІЛУ PINOРHYTA ЗА СУКУПНІСТЮ МОРФОЛОГІЧНИХ ОЗНАК ТА ОЗНАК ЖИТТЄЗДАТНОСТІ

A new methodology for determination of the ornamental value of woody plants of the Pinoрhyta division is developed. According to their decorative features, gymnosperms may be divided into two groups: the group of morphological features directly forming the decorativeness of coniferous plants and the group of features which indirectly influences the decorativeness of plants. The first group includes seven characteristics: architectonics of the stem and crown, crown shape, length of kweenie crown, color of the needles, a profusion of discoverproven, cones color, the aroma of pine needles and cones. To the second group belong: winter hardiness, frost resistance and damaging of the coniferous plants. The 5-point scale has been developed for each of the ten characteristics of ornamental conifers. The total sum of which determines the degree of decoration of the species of Pinoрhyta division. In ontogeny of conifers by the example of Picea abies (L.) Karst., landscape architecture, design and the art of gardening can fully satisfy the morphological condition of the coniferous at the early, young and middle-aged generative stages. In this period the viability of individual species as its external condition (external view), as a rule, aesthetically and emotionally sublime positively perceived by the majority of passers-by or observers. These stages of ontogenesis conifers are characterized by rather high or even maximum decorative value.

The Effects of Attentional Focus on Brain Function During a Gross Motor Task

Context: Although the beneficial effects of using an external focus of attention are well documented in attainment and performance of movement execution, neural mechanisms underlying external focus’ benefits are mostly unknown. Objective: To assess brain function during a lower-extremity gross motor movement while manipulating an internal and external focus of attention. Design: Cross-over study. Setting: Neuroimaging center Participants: A total of 10 healthy subjects (5 males and 5 females) Intervention: Participants completed external and internal focus of attention unilateral left 45° knee extension/flexion movements at a rate of 1.2 Hz laying supine in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner for 4 blocks of 30 seconds interspersed with 30-second rest blocks. During the internal condition, participants were instructed to “squeeze their quadriceps.” During the external condition, participants were instructed to “focus on a target” positioned above their tibia. Main Outcome Measures: T1 brain structural imaging was performed for registration of the functional data. For each condition, 3T functional magnetic resonance imaging blood oxygenation level dependent data representing 90 whole-brain volumes were acquired. Results: During the external relative to internal condition, increased activation was detected in the right occipital pole, cuneal cortex, anterior portion of the lingual gyrus, and intracalcarine cortex (Zmax = 4.5–6.2, P < .001). During the internal relative to external condition, increased activation was detected in the left primary motor cortex, left supplementary motor cortex, and cerebellum (Zmax = 3.4–3.5, P < .001). Conclusions: Current results suggest that an external focus directed toward a visual target produces more brain activity in regions associated with vision and ventral streaming pathways, whereas an internal focus manipulated through instruction increases activation in brain regions that are responsible for motor control. Results from this study serve as baseline information for future prevention and rehabilitation investigations of how manipulating focus of attention can constructively affect neuroplasticity during training and rehabilitation.

Religious Nationalism as Solution in the Chaotic Social, Economics and the Business Reality

The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of religious nationalism to protect vital national interests, maintain stability and preservation of core values. The expression of the constitution of Indonesia is a guarantor in integrating the people from all groups and strata of Indonesian society. It ensures a favorable internal and external condition. Religious nationalism is super glue that bonds the people, religions and the nation as a single entity. This is still utmost relevant in the pandemic.

PERSONALITY AND LIFESTYLE INTERPRETS EXTERNAL CONDITION TO ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOURS

Personality and lifestyles frame individuals’ interpretation of situational information; as such, the encouragement, convenience and reinforcement to behave more environmentally. Issue: Existing research lack empirical evidence on the influence of personality and lifestyle (PL) on external condition (EC) to environmental behaviours. Purpose: This paper aims to verify the statistical predictability of EC based on PL. Approach: Multiple Correlation and Multiple Linear Regression were carried out to assess linear associations and parameters of linear equations to predict EC components based on PL items. Findings: EC components were predictable by some of the PL items. In particular, ‘urging media to raise environmental awareness’ was the strongest predictor of EC.

Analysis of Business Opportunities and Threats in The Household Cleaners Sub-Sector of The Chemicals Industry in Indonesia

A thriving chemical industry, opens opportunities for small entrepreneurs to compete in this industry, especially for household cleaning products. The global household cleaners market is expected to record a CAGR of 5.7% over the forecast period, 2018-2023. Competition for household cleaners is the most visible competition in the chemical industry. To remain competitive, companies are required to provide solutions to environmental problems through the development of green products. Environmental awareness in the community has also increased due to government support and intensive go-green campaigns. This paper presents an analysis of the external condition in the household cleaning market that is able to bring small and medium-sized companies to grow larger and is also able to compete in the current household cleaning industry. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the condition of the household cleaning market in Indonesia and to help business people formulate their strategic policies. The approach to be used in this study with external analysis consisting of PESTEL analysis, Porter’s 5 Force, and Customer Analysis.

Neuromuscular Mechanisms Underlying Changes in Force Production during an Attentional Focus Task

We examined the effects of attentional focus cues on maximal voluntary force output of the elbow flexors and the underlying physiological mechanisms. Eleven males participated in two randomized experimental sessions. In each session, four randomized blocks of three maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) were performed. The blocks consisted of two externally and two internally attentional focus cued blocks. In one of the sessions, corticospinal excitability (CSE) was measured. During the stimulation session transcranial magnetic, transmastoid and Erb’s point stimulations were used to induce motor evoked potentials (MEPs), cervicomedullary MEP (CMEPs) and maximal muscle action potential (Mmax), respectively in the biceps brachii. Across both sessions forces were lower (p = 0.024) under the internal (282.4 ± 60.3 N) compared to the external condition (310.7 ± 11.3 N). Muscle co-activation was greater (p = 0.016) under the internal (26.3 ± 11.5%) compared with the external condition (21.5 ± 9.4%). There was no change in CSE. Across both sessions, force measurements were lower (p = 0.033) during the stimulation (279.0 ± 47.1 N) compared with the no-stimulation session (314.1 ± 57.5 N). In conclusion, external focus increased force, likely due to reduced co-activation. Stimulating the corticospinal pathway may confound attentional focus. The stimulations may distract participants from the cues and/or disrupt areas of the cortex responsible for attention and focus.