Assessment of desertification using modified MEDALUS model in the north Nile Delta, Egypt

This study evaluates the effect of prevailing dynamic factors on the sedimentation process in Damietta Harbour along the Nile delta coast of Egypt. The monitoring program spanned the period between 1978 and 1999 and included measurements of waves, currents and bathymetric profiles. The evaluation was based on determination of erosion and accretion rates, current regime, sediment transport, wave characteristics and wave refraction. Results revealed that the predominant wave direction from N-NW sector (86 %) throughout the year is responsible for generation of a longshore eastward current. Less frequent waves from the N-NE sector generate an opposing longshore westward current. The refraction pattern for the prevailing wave direction indicates that the harbour and its navigation channel are located within a divergence of wave orthogonal and in an accretion sediment sink area. The annual net rate of littoral drift on the western side of the harbour is about 1.43 * 105 m3 (accretion), while the annual net rate of littoral drift on the eastern side is about 2.54 * 105 m3 (erosion). Currents fluctuate tremendously in speed and direction, especially during the winter months. Hence, sediment transport takes place in offshore, eastward, and onshore directions. Progressive vector diagrams show that the largest near bottom offshore, onshore and easterly net drift occurs during summer, spring and winter respectively. The onshore sediment transport generated during spring and summer plays an important role in the redistribution of eroded sediments during the winter. The overall study of dynamic factors indicated that the harbour site is characterized by eastern, western, offshore and onshore sediment movements. Therefore, the north-south orientation of the navigation channel, with its depth greater than the surrounding area, interrupts sediment drift from different directions and reduces the current speed. Consequently, the sediments sink within the navigation channel from different directions. The sources of sediments contributing to the siltation process of the harbour and its navigation channels are mainly derived from the Rosetta promontory, Burullus beaches, Damietta promontory and from offshore and the dumping area.

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EFFECT OF LATERALS DRAIN SPACING AND GROUNDWATER DEPTH ON SOIL WATER RELATIONS AND RICE PRODUCTIVITY IN THE NORTH NILE DELTA

Menoufia Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.21608/mjss.2020.136094 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 217-234

Author(s):

M. Kh. El- Ghannam ◽

R. M. Khalifa ◽

B. B. Mikhael

Keyword(s):

Soil Water ◽

Water Relations ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Groundwater Depth ◽

Rice Productivity ◽

Drain Spacing ◽

The North

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The Prediction and Assessment of the Impacts of Soil Sealing on Agricultural Land in the North Nile Delta (Egypt) Using Satellite Data and GIS Modeling

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11174662 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (17) ◽

pp. 4662 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ehab Hendawy ◽

A. A. Belal ◽

E. S. Mohamed ◽

Abdelaziz Elfadaly ◽

Beniamino Murgante ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Land ◽

Land Reclamation ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Support Vector ◽

Class Iii ◽

Gis Modeling ◽

Soil Sealing ◽

The North

Soil sealing is currently one of the most critical barriers to sustainable development, particularly in developing countries such as Egypt. Agriculture is a major component of the Egyptian economy and the country’s main source of food security. Urbanization is devouring vast areas of agricultural land, and therefore, in the present study, urbanization was used to determine the degree of soil sealing in a region of Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt. In this work, remote sensing data were used to monitor changes in land use and land cover (LULC) between 1984 and 2016. A field survey and population data were also used in the analysis. Support vector machine (SVM) classification was used to produce LULC maps of the study area. An accuracy assessment was performed by calculating overall accuracy and individual kappa coefficients. Additionally, soil sealing was assessed using data from 1984 to 2016, and the potential expansion of soil sealing until 2048 was simulated using the cellular automata (CA)–Markov model. Our analysis showed that in the study area (i) about 90% of the soils had soil capability degrees between class II and class III; (ii) soil sealing was not uniformly distributed in the study area; (iii) between 1984 and 2016, the area of soil sealing in fertile soils due to urbanization increased by 19,500 hectares; and (iv) between 1984 and 2000, the urban area increased by around 29%, whereas between 2000 and 2010 it increased by around 43.6%. The results suggest that the magnitude of soil sealing is a good indicator of the soil loss rate and the potential for agricultural development in the Nile Delta. The model predicted that by 2048 an area of 32,290 hectares of agricultural soil will be lost to urbanization. This study indicates that the change of LULC has a negative impact on soil sealing. Between 2000 and 2010, the area of agricultural land decreased by 4%, despite an increase in land reclamation in the north of the study area. The amount of soil sealing was found to increase towards the southeast and northeast of the study area, except for the northern parts, where the amount of soil sealing increased towards the east. Our analyses and forecasts are useful for decision-makers responsible for soil-sealing mitigation strategies and soil-sealing protection plans in the Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt.

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Quantitative assessment of surface runoff at arid region: a case study in the Middle of Nile Delta

Bulletin of the National Research Centre ◽

10.1186/s42269-019-0230-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. S. Mohamed ◽

Abdel-Aziz Belal ◽

Mohamed Abu-hashim

Keyword(s):

Surface Runoff ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Curve Number ◽

Runoff Water ◽

Natural Resource Conservation ◽

The North ◽

Natural Resource Conservation Service ◽

Gis Tools ◽

Geomorphic Units

Abstract Background Evaluation of surface runoff is an essential factor in the precision water and soil conservation management through their main extreme impacts on soil properties. The natural resource conservation service curve number model (NRCS-CN) model is used to estimate the magnitude of runoff. Collected topographic data is used to explain the effects of slope variation on water retention and surface runoff. Twenty-eight soil profiles are prepared in Nile delta, Egypt to cover different geomorphic units and hydrological soil groups in the study area. Results The results revealed that the highest value of surface runoff was distinguished close to the urban area and ranges between 40 and 50 mm. In urban areas, the surfaces are paved and there are no infiltration of water. Consequently, the runoff water directly flows to the storm channels. Runoff values ranging between 30 and 40 mm occurred at the north of the study area. The sloping surface and the nature of the clay soil contributed to generate more runoff than do lowland areas. Conclusion The study presented and tested the hydric runoff estimation based-model on the integrating of hydric balance parameters. The GIS tools analyze and compose these parameters to perform an indirect method for the quantity of water that results in direct surface runoff flow. This method helps to gain clear imaging of the surface runoff risks in the study area.

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