scholarly journals Effects of waves and currents on the siltation problem of Damietta harbour, Nile Delta coast, Egypt

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABO BAKER.I. ABO ZED
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Nile Delta ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
Littoral Drift ◽  
Wave Refraction ◽  
The North ◽  
Dynamic Factors ◽  
Navigation Channel ◽  
Nile Delta Coast

This study evaluates the effect of prevailing dynamic factors on the sedimentation process in Damietta Harbour along the Nile delta coast of Egypt. The monitoring program spanned the period between 1978 and 1999 and included measurements of waves, currents and bathymetric profiles. The evaluation was based on determination of erosion and accretion rates, current regime, sediment transport, wave characteristics and wave refraction. Results revealed that the predominant wave direction from N-NW sector (86 %) throughout the year is responsible for generation of a longshore eastward current. Less frequent waves from the N-NE sector generate an opposing longshore westward current. The refraction pattern for the prevailing wave direction indicates that the harbour and its navigation channel are located within a divergence of wave orthogonal and in an accretion sediment sink area. The annual net rate of littoral drift on the western side of the harbour is about 1.43 * 105 m3 (accretion), while the annual net rate of littoral drift on the eastern side is about 2.54 * 105 m3 (erosion). Currents fluctuate tremendously in speed and direction, especially during the winter months. Hence, sediment transport takes place in offshore, eastward, and onshore directions. Progressive vector diagrams show that the largest near bottom offshore, onshore and easterly net drift occurs during summer, spring and winter respectively. The onshore sediment transport generated during spring and summer plays an important role in the redistribution of eroded sediments during the winter. The overall study of dynamic factors indicated that the harbour site is characterized by eastern, western, offshore and onshore sediment movements. Therefore, the north-south orientation of the navigation channel, with its depth greater than the surrounding area, interrupts sediment drift from different directions and reduces the current speed. Consequently, the sediments sink within the navigation channel from different directions. The sources of sediments contributing to the siltation process of the harbour and its navigation channels are mainly derived from the Rosetta promontory, Burullus beaches, Damietta promontory and from offshore and the dumping area.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation of Hydrodynamics and Cohesive Sediment Transport in Cua Lo and Cua Hoi Estuaries, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1258
Author(s):  
Viet Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Minh Tuan Vu ◽  
Chi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Cohesive Sediment ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Cohesive Sediment Transport

Two-dimensional models of large spatial domain including Cua Lo and Cua Hoi estuaries in Nghe An province, Vietnam, were established, calibrated, and verified with the observed data of tidal level, wave height, wave period, wave direction, and suspended sediment concentration. The model was then applied to investigate the hydrodynamics, cohesive sediment transport, and the morphodynamics feedbacks between two estuaries. Results reveal opposite patterns of nearshore currents affected by monsoons, which flow from the north to the south during the northeast (NE) monsoon and from the south to the north during the southeast (SE) monsoon. The spectral wave model results indicate that wave climate is the main control of the sediment transport in the study area. In the NE monsoon, sediment from Cua Lo port transported to the south generates the sand bar in the northern bank of the Cua Hoi estuary, while sediment from Cua Hoi cannot be carried to the Cua Lo estuary due to the presence of Hon Ngu Island and Lan Chau headland. As a result, the longshore sediment transport from the Cua Hoi estuary to the Cua Lo estuary is reduced and interrupted. The growth and degradation of the sand bars at the Cua Hoi estuary have a great influence on the stability of the navigation channel to Ben Thuy port as well as flood drainage of Lam River.

scholarly journals Nearshore Waves and Littoral Drift Along a Micro-Tidal Wave-Dominated Coast Having Comparable Wind-Sea and Swell Energy

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Jesbin George ◽  
V. Sanil Kumar ◽  
R. Gowthaman ◽  
Jai Singh
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
Littoral Drift ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Wave Parameters ◽  
Longshore Sediment Transport ◽  
Wind Sea ◽  
Small Change

The nearshore wave characteristics and variations in littoral drift (longshore sediment transport; LST) are estimated based on different approaches for four years along the Vengurla coast, with comparable wind-sea and swell energy assessed. The waverider buoy-measured data at 15 m water depth is utilized as the input wave parameters along with the reanalysis model data, and the numerical wave model Delft-3D is used for estimating the nearshore wave parameters. The relative contribution of wind-seas and swells on LST rates are specifically examined. The clear prevalence of west-southwest waves implies the prevalence of south to north longshore sediment transport with net transport varying from 0.19–0.37 × 105 m3/yr. LST is strongly dependent on the breaker angle and a small change in the wave direction substantially alters the LST, and hence reanalysis/model data with coarse resolutions produce large errors (~38%) in the LST estimate. The annual gross LST rate based on integral wave parameters is only 58% considering the wind-seas and swells separately, since the wind-sea energy is comparable to swell energy, and the direction of these two systems differs significantly.

scholarly journals NORTH JETTY COASTLINE EVOLUTION AND SHORELINE ENGINEERING, GRAYS HARBOR, WASHINGTON

2018 ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Aaron Porter ◽  
Vladimir Shepsis ◽  
George Kaminsky ◽  
David Michalsen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Sandy Beach ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Shoreline Erosion ◽  
Natural Sediment ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
The North ◽  
Coastline Evolution ◽  
Navigation Channel ◽  
The City

This study was initiated by the Port of Grays Harbor and the City of Ocean Shores, WA to address ongoing shoreline erosion processes, and sedimentation at the Grays Harbor Federal Navigation Channel. The North Jetty at the entrance to Grays Harbor Estuary, WA was constructed at the beginning of last century (1907) and resulted in major regional changes to the coastline. During the first 40 years post-construction of the jetty, approximately ten miles of sandy beach shoreline, two miles wide north of the jetty, was created by natural sediment transport processes. The accreted land was the base for the creation of the City of Ocean Shores. Since that time the shoreline has been periodically altered by extreme erosion events.

scholarly journals PENANGANAN SEDIMENTASI PADA PELABUHAN KUALA RAJA KABUPATEN BIREUEN

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Cut Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Standard Size ◽  
The North ◽  
Navigation Channel ◽  
Topographic Survey ◽  
Current Survey ◽  
Sedimentation Volume ◽  
The Right

The objective of this study is to provide an alternative design of sediment problems in Kuala Raja Port that causes disadvantages for the local fishermen due to ineffective port utilization. The primary surveys conducted in this study are topographic survey, bathymetry survey, current survey and geological survey. The wind data is obtained from the Malikul Saleh Meteorological Station. Based on the tidal survey, the water surface during the tide water is 1,56 m above  0.00 m LWS. The current data shows that the flow rate is low, which is less than 1.5 m/sec whereas not interfere ships’ movement, because the standard size of ships allowed crossing the shipping lanes is planned less than 50 GT. Based on the correction using SPM nomogram acquired high waves 3.50 m with wind speed > 20 knots and the North largest fetch  490.04 miles. Sediment transport on shore of Kuala Raja beach is  46,934.59 m3/year moves from West to East. The hand bore data on the location of the planned jetty obtained SG = 2,648, Wc = 25.66, gd = 1,549, f = 31.00, c = 0.03. Therefore, the determination of the layout of jetty at Kuala Raja Port is considering the direction of sediment transport, the wave height that occurs, the field data attained and the economic feasibility. Sediment management at the Kuala Raja Port can be done within 2 (two) ways: firstly by increasing the length of the jetty on the left and the right side and, secondly by dredging the navigation channel. The length of the jetty that is needed to expand on the left side is 284 meters long and 127.65 meters long on the right side, in order to avoid the addition of sedimentation volume. The jetty’s slope is planned 1: 2 outside the channel and 1: 1 inside the navigation channel. The dredging volume at the port entrance is approximately 39,811.60 m3.

scholarly journals Analysis of Long-Term Shoreline Observations in the Vicinity of Coastal Structures: A Case Study of South Bali Beaches

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 3527
Author(s):  
Ria Rista Rahmawati ◽  
Anthony Harlly Sasono Putro ◽  
Jung Lyul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Parabolic Type ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Coastal Structures ◽  
Beach Profile ◽  
Littoral Drift ◽  
The North ◽  
The Right

Recently, many rigid structures have been installed to cope with and efficiently manage coastal erosion. However, the changes in the coastline or isocenter and the movements of coastal sediment are poorly understood. This study examined the equilibrium shoreline and isocenter lines by applying a Model of Estimating Equilibrium Parabolic-type Shoreline (MeEPASoL) as an equilibrium shoreline prediction model. In addition, the inverse method was used to estimate littoral drift sediment transport from long-term beach profile observations. The movement of coastal sediments was analyzed using long-term beach profile observation data for three Indonesian beaches, namely, Kuta Beach for 13 years, Karang Beach in Sanur for 15 years, and Samuh Beach in Nusa Dua for 18 years. The littoral drift at every site was dynamically controlled by seasonal changes in the monsoon, the erosion and deposition patterns coupled with the presence of coastal structures, and limited sediment movement. Shoreline deformation in Kuta is generally backward deformed, with a littoral drift from south to north. In Sanur, the littoral drift vector carries sediment from the right and left sides and forms a salient behind the offshore breakwater. The littoral drift at Nusa Dua is dominantly from south to north, but the force of sediment transport decreases near the breakwater towards the north. Furthermore, the methods applied herein could aid the development of strategic coastal management plans to control erosion in subcells of coastal areas.

scholarly journals Joint Modelling of Wave Energy Flux and Wave Direction

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 460
Author(s):  
Takvor H. Soukissian ◽  
Flora E. Karathanasi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Flux ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Wave Climate ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
Bivariate Model ◽  
The North ◽  
Wave Energy Flux

In the context of wave resource assessment, the description of wave climate is usually confined to significant wave height and energy period. However, the accurate joint description of both linear and directional wave energy characteristics is essential for the proper and detailed optimization of wave energy converters. In this work, the joint probabilistic description of wave energy flux and wave direction is performed and evaluated. Parametric univariate models are implemented for the description of wave energy flux and wave direction. For wave energy flux, conventional, and mixture distributions are examined while for wave direction proven and efficient finite mixtures of von Mises distributions are used. The bivariate modelling is based on the implementation of the Johnson–Wehrly model. The examined models are applied on long-term measured wave data at three offshore locations in Greece and hindcast numerical wave model data at three locations in the western Mediterranean, the North Sea, and the North Atlantic Ocean. A global criterion that combines five individual goodness-of-fit criteria into a single expression is used to evaluate the performance of bivariate models. From the optimum bivariate model, the expected wave energy flux as function of wave direction and the distribution of wave energy flux for the mean and most probable wave directions are also obtained.

Simulation to Investigate the Reasons for the Sediment Deposition in the Upper Reach of the Deepwater Navigation Channel in the Changjiang River Estuary

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1237-1241
Author(s):  
Jie Gu ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Xin Qin ◽  
Dan Qing Ma ◽  
Xiao Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Estuary ◽  
Sediment Deposition ◽  
Changjiang River ◽  
Changjiang River Estuary ◽  
The Changjiang River ◽  
The North ◽  
Velocity Magnitude ◽  
Navigation Channel ◽  
The Changjiang River Estuary ◽  
Set Up

At present, the upper reach of the Deepwater Navigation Channel is silted heavily, which brings negative influences on navigation. A two-dimensional numerical model is set up to simulate the hydrodynamics of the Changjiang River Estuary with Delft3D-FLOW in this paper. This model has been validated with the observed tidal level, flow velocity magnitude and direction, and the computed results agree well with the observed data, which also shows the model can well simulate the hydrodynamics of the Changjiang River Estuary caused by the Deepwater Navigation Channel Project. Based on the analysis of computed results, especially the velocity along the South Passage and North Passage, the flood and ebb flow in the Hengsha Passage, and the flow spilt ratio of South Passage and North Passage, it presents that one fundamental reason for the sediment deposition in the upper reach of the Deepwater Navigation Channel is that the velocity along the North Passage is far less than that along South Passage, above all, the velocity in North Passage upstream of the Hengsha Passage is even smaller; another reason is that the flood and ebb flow of Hengsha Passage are large, which weakens the water exchange between the North Passage and South Channel.

An investigation of bronze artifacts from the North Sinai Coast and the Nile Delta region

Metallography ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Pelleg ◽  
J. Baram ◽  
E. Oren
Keyword(s):  
Nile Delta ◽  
Delta Region ◽  
The North ◽  
North Sinai
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