Chemical properties and magnetic susceptibility as proxy indicators of past settlement activities on contemporary arable soil in the Czech Republic

The use of clover-grasses in the structure of fodder crops grown on arable soil, especially those with intergeneric hybrids as the main component part, could avert the negative current trend, i.e. further decreasing the area of perennial fodder plants or fodder crops as a whole on arable soil. They have an irreplaceable role in crop sequences and in preserving the cultural character of the countryside, above all due to the fact that they improve soil fertility and microbial life in the soil and that they have an excellent pre-produce value, and, at the same time, they are applied in various farming systems (both conventional and ecological) and in various climatic conditions, and agricultural businesses are well equipped for growing, harvesting and storing them. In the Czech Republic, the area of fodder crops grown on arable soil was decreased from 1,019.9 thousand hectares to mere 396.7 thousand hectares between 1980 and 2009, which is 15.6 % of the total area of arable soil whereas perennial fodder plants only take up 8.5 %. Fodder from clover crops and clover-grass growths on arable soil are one of the main resources of voluminous fodder for dairy cows. Most of this fodder is preserved through a fermentation process (silages, hay storage); a smaller part is fed as fresh fodder, or serves for production of hay. Silages made with perennial fodder plants are the most important source of both proteins and other nutrients for ruminants, especially for high-yielding milch cows. The basis of fodder production systems are the conservative elements of the landscape area (geomorphology) in combination with the progressive elements (weather conditions, plants and human labour) and relict ones, the representative of which is the soil. The fodder production systems in Europe are divided into five main fodder production zones. From this point of view, the areas where short-term clover-grass mixtures are grown on arable soil could be classed with Zone 4, i.e. intensive fodder production and cattle breeding. This characterisation corresponds with the Vysočina Region (the Czech Republic), which is the focus of our work even though extensive breeding can be found in this area on a smaller scale as well. Therefore, our aim was to verify the production and qualitative parameters of the fodder crops and mixtures included in the test in chosen agricultural businesses in the Vysočina Region and to recommend the most suitable variant for the given area. A statistically significant correlative relationship (P < 0.05) was proved between the net energy for lactation contents and the percentage of organic matter digestibility. The evaluation of the production parameters evidently shows the favourable influence of the grass component part or of intergeneric hybrids on the stability of dry matter yield per hectare as well as on the stability of individual nutrients.

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Evaluation of chemical properties of througfall, forest floor and seepage water in Spruce and Beech stands in the Highlands area of the Czech Republic

Beskydy ◽

10.11118/beskyd201508020079 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 79-90

Author(s):

Tomáš Fabiánek ◽

Ladislav Menšík ◽

Ida Drápelová ◽

Jiří Kulhavý

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Soil Profile ◽

Forest Floor ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Research Station ◽

Seepage Water ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Chemical Substances ◽

Time Period ◽

Beech Stand

The objective of the transformation of spruce monocultures to close-to-nature forests is to create natural relationships between the species composition and the soil environment in a forest ecosystem. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the input of chemical substances via precipitation into forest floor, chemical properties of the forest floor with a view to the aluminum (Al), and the output of chemical substances via seepage water from the forest floor to the soil profile in an unmixed, 30 to 40-year old beech and spruce stand during the time period of 2004 through 2008. The study was carried out in the Rájec-Němčice field research station of the Deparment of Forest Ecology, Mendel University in Brno. The station is located in the Drahanská vrchovina Upland (on the eastern edge of the Bohemian Massif) in the Czech Republic. The aim of the study was to evaluate (i) the concentration and deposition of BC substances (= Ca, Mg, K), N (= NO3-, NH4+), pH, conductivity of throughfall, (ii) concentration and reserves of substances (Altot, BC, N), pH, C/N, Ca/Al ratio, BC/Al ratio, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation (BS) in the forest floor, (iii) concentration, pH, conductivity, output of substances (Al, BC, N) in seepage water from the forest floor to the soil profile. The results obtained demonstrate significant differences between spruce and beech stands. The values of determined characteristics show better conditions in the beech stand, eg: pH = 5,6; Al = 0,02 [mmol. l-1]; BC/Al = 8,3 in seepage waters. In the spruce stand: pH = 5,0; Al = 0,01 [mmol. l-1]; BC/Al = 11,4. Based on the results obtained, it is possible to notice effects of the stand species on the condition of the forest floor and its development. These effects were less favorable for the 34-year old spruce monoculture aged as compared to the 40-year old the beech monoculture (for the latter we found some positive, soil-improving effects) grown over a time period of two generations of unmixed spruce stands.

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Application of magnetic susceptibility on polished stone tools from Western Hungary and the Eastern part of the Czech Republic (Central Europe)

Journal of Archaeological Science ◽

10.1016/j.jas.2009.07.001 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (10) ◽

pp. 2437-2444 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

B. Bradák ◽

Gy. Szakmány ◽

S. Józsa ◽

A. Přichystal

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Susceptibility ◽

Czech Republic ◽

Central Europe ◽

Stone Tools ◽

The Czech Republic

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Appendix 1. Case Study: Methanol Mass Poisoning Outbreak in the Czech Republic: Diagnosis, Treatment and Outcome

Chemical Health Threats - Issues in Toxicology ◽

10.1039/9781782623687-00263 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 263-270

Author(s):

Sergej Zacharov ◽

Daniela Pelclova

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

The Czech Republic

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Social variation in size at birth and preterm delivery in the Czech Republic and Sweden, 1989-91

Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology ◽

10.1046/j.1365-3016.1998.00075.x ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 7-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Koupilova ◽

Vagero ◽

Leon ◽

Pikhart ◽

Prikazsky ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Preterm Delivery ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Social Variation ◽

Size At Birth

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On Geropsychology in the Czech Republic

GeroPsych ◽

10.1024/1662-9647/a000066 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 161-166

Author(s):

Hana Stepankova ◽

Eva Jarolimova ◽

Eva Dragomirecka ◽

Irena Sobotkova ◽

Lenka Sulova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Old Age ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Rehabilitation Research

This work provides an overview of psychology of aging and old age in the Czech Republic. Historical roots as well as recent activities are listed including clinical practice, cognitive rehabilitation, research, and the teaching of geropsychology.

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