Interactions between scientific uncertainty and flood management decisions: Two case studies in Colorado

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary W. Downton ◽  
Rebecca E. Morss ◽  
Olga V. Wilhelmi ◽  
Eve Gruntfest ◽  
Melissa L. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Management Decisions

scholarly journals Communication of scientific uncertainty: international case studies on the development of folate and vitamin D Dietary Reference Values

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1378-1388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry A Brown ◽  
Liesbeth de Wit ◽  
Lada Timotijevic ◽  
Anne-Mette Sonne ◽  
Liisa Lähteenmäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Risk Manager ◽  
Uncertain Evidence ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
Evidence Evaluation ◽  
Dietary Reference Values

AbstractObjectiveTransparent evidence-based decision making has been promoted worldwide to engender trust in science and policy making. Yet, little attention has been given to transparency implementation. The degree of transparency (focused on how uncertain evidence was handled) during the development of folate and vitamin D Dietary Reference Values was explored in three a priori defined areas: (i) value request; (ii) evidence evaluation; and (iii) final values.DesignQualitative case studies (semi-structured interviews and desk research). A common protocol was used for data collection, interview thematic analysis and reporting. Results were coordinated via cross-case synthesis.SettingAustralia and New Zealand, Netherlands, Nordic countries, Poland, Spain and UK.SubjectsTwenty-one interviews were conducted in six case studies.ResultsTransparency of process was not universally observed across countries or areas of the recommendation setting process. Transparency practices were most commonly seen surrounding the request to develop reference values (e.g. access to risk manager/assessor problem formulation discussions) and evidence evaluation (e.g. disclosure of risk assessor data sourcing/evaluation protocols). Fewer transparency practices were observed to assist with handling uncertainty in the evidence base during the development of quantitative reference values.ConclusionsImplementation of transparency policies may be limited by a lack of dedicated resources and best practice procedures, particularly to assist with the latter stages of reference value development. Challenges remain regarding the best practice for transparently communicating the influence of uncertain evidence on the final reference values. Resolving this issue may assist the evolution of nutrition risk assessment and better inform the recommendation setting process.

scholarly journals Old works / New Works: when contemporary photographic artworks held by Canadian public institutions change after accession

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Cibola
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Collections Management ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Art Object ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Object Level ◽  
Or History

This thesis explores what is at stake when changes are made to artworks after Canadian public institutions have accessioned them. It argues that the materiality of an art object matters, and together with the narrative or history of the artwork, contributes to its interpretation. Changes at the object level can have an impact not only on the history of an artwork, but also on an artist’s larger practice and on an institution’s collection. Using case studies of photographic works by Michael Snow (1929), Gabor Szilasi (1928), and Arnaud Maggs (1926-2012), this thesis investigates alterations made to artworks as a result of preservation concerns, curatorial input, and shifts in an artist’s thinking. Identifying the various subjectivities involved, this thesis examines how artists and institutions have responded to changes that affect art historical, curatorial, and collections management decisions and records.

Retention potential analysis of river restoration and floodplain measures in different catchments of Bavaria, Germany

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Neumayer ◽  
Sonja Teschemacher ◽  
Fabian Merk ◽  
Markus Disse
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
General View ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
River Channels ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Floodplain Restoration ◽  
Restoration Measures

<p>Nature-based solutions are an important component of integrated flood mitigation strategies for improving both the protection against hazardous flood events and the ecological conditions of river-floodplain systems. In order to be able to take these types of measures into account in upcoming flood management decisions, it must be possible to reliably estimate their effects on flood events. Therefore, this study focuses on a more general view on the catchment dependent contribution of combined river and floodplain restoration measures to the strengthening of river retention and flood protection. Furthermore, the importance of considering site-specific circumstances (e.g., the superposition of the flood waves of the main river and its tributaries), is evaluated.</p><p>The study is based on five investigation areas in Bavaria (Germany) with various topographic properties and different spatial scales (~ 90 – 560 km<sup>2</sup>). For each catchment, a physically based hydrological model (WaSiM) was coupled with the two-dimensional hydrodynamic model HYDRO_AS-2D by means of direct and diffuse inflow boundary conditions. Five flood events with various rainfall characteristics (advective/convective) and different return periods (5, 20 and 100 years) were generated with WaSiM. The holistic restoration scenarios are implemented by catchment dependent modifications of river channels and floodplains. As the aim of this study is to analyze the maximum possible efficiency of the restoration scenarios, it is assumed that almost the entire floodplain is available for the implementation of these measures. Highly restricted areas (e.g., settlement & industrial areas, important infrastructure) are excluded from this assumption. First results show that the peak discharge attenuations resulting from the restoration measures are exemplarily dependent on the characteristics of the floodplains (e.g., slope and extent) and the volumes of the flood events. It could be shown that the largest peak discharge attenuations (up to 28 %) and retardation (up to 8 h) occur in catchments with relatively flat and wide floodplains in combination with comparatively small flood volumes. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these measures can be considerably affected by local superposition effects with incoming tributaries. These effects can have site and event specific positive or negative impacts on the peak discharges and may not be neglected when planning restoration measures.</p><p>Based on these investigations, it is possible to evaluate if catchments are likely to be suitable for river and floodplain restoration in the course of flood management decisions. However, the effectiveness of the measures is always influenced by a combination of many area-specific factors that can only be predicted to a limited extent and therefore requires the modelling of an area.</p>

scholarly journals Nature-Based Management of Urban Floods to Decline Risks with Case Studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdol Aziz Shahraki
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Alternatives

This paper discusses devastating urban floods in the year 2019 that caused human and socioeconomic losses in many countries, including Iran. The main question addressed by this paper is the choice between two flood management models, namely, the optimal and nature-based flood management or the existing hazardous situation that damage the ecosystem and natural resources. The analysis of this paper will find the main responsible factors in the mentioned floods in Iran. For this reason, it examines the impacts of the existing flood management that neglects the ecosystems, environmental components, and nature. The method of this research includes theoretical studies, case studies with the help of structured interviews, and observations. A benchmarking technique compares the two alternatives. The comparisons use seven indicators abstracted from successful global experiences and local knowledge. Finally, this research presents a model for optimal flood management that is applicable everywhere in the world.

A generalized approach to generate synthetic short-to-medium range hydro-meteorological forecasts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Brodeur ◽  
Scott Steinschneider
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Forecast Errors ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Empirical Copula ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Medium Range

<p>Forecast informed operations hold great promise as a soft pathway to improve water resources system performance. Generating synthetic forecasts of hydro-meteorological variables is crucial for robust validation of this approach, as advanced numerical weather prediction hindcasts have a limited timespan (10-40 years) that is insufficient for assessing risk related to forecast-informed operations during extreme events. We develop a generalized error model for synthetic forecast generation that is applicable to a range of forecasted variables used in water resources management. The approach samples from the distribution of forecast errors over the available hindcast period and adds them to long records of observed data to generate synthetic forecasts. The approach utilizes the flexible Skew Generalized Error Distribution (SGED) to model marginal distributions of forecast errors that can exhibit heteroskedastic, auto-correlated, and non-Gaussian behavior. An empirical copula is used to capture covariance between variables and forecast lead times and across space. We demonstrate the method for medium-range forecasts across Northern California in two case studies for 1) streamflow and 2) temperature and precipitation, which are based on hindcasts from operational CONUS hydrologic and meteorological forecast models. The case studies highlight the flexibility of the model and its ability to emulate space-time structures in forecasts at scales critical for flood management. The proposed method is generalizable to other locations and computationally efficient, enabling fast generation of long synthetic forecast ensembles that are appropriate for the design and testing of forecast informed policy or characterization of forecast uncertainty for water resources risk analysis.</p>

Water Management and Recreational Values; Some Cases in Victoria, Australia

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
John Paterson
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Water Quality Management ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Political Skills ◽  
Recreational Services ◽  
New Perspective

The growing recognition of recreational and amenity demands on water systems introduces a multitude of issues, many of them complex, to the established tasks of water quality management and water management generally. Victorian case studies are presented. They (1) illustrate the range and diversity of situations that can arise in managing competition and enhancing compatibility between traditional water supply objectives and recreational demands. (2) Fluctuation of storage levels, essential to storage operations, detract from recreational value. Recreational and tourism demands upon Lake Hume have grown to threaten traditional operating flexibility. (3) Mokoan is another such instance, but with its supply function in a state of flux, Lake Mokoan provides more scope for a shift in the balance. (4) Salinity management has become an issue in the management of lakes and wetlands when water supply interests and environmental/recreation interests respectively have different perspectives on salt disposal. (5) Recreational use of town supply sources has long been a vexed issue, although marked shifts in the attitudues of many supply authorities have occurred in recent years. (6) Eutrophication of lakes and estuaries raises difficult issues of responsibility and scientific uncertainty, and the water management connection may be tenuous but will attract public attention. (7) The water body attributes valued by specialised recreational interests require definition in terms that water managers can deal with using routine techniques of systems analysis and evaluation. (8) The demands of the fish population and anglers introduce a new perspective in river management and perceptions of instream values are changing markedly. (9) Direct costs of recreational services supplied by water authorities are not fully accounted: allocation choices and fiscal incidence will emerge as issues of significance. (10) These case studies raise only a fraction of the total range of matters that will, in the years to come, tax the technology and political skills of governments and management.

scholarly journals Old works / new works : when contemporary photographic artworks held by Canadian public institutions change after accession.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Cibola
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Collections Management ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Art Object ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
Object Level ◽  
Or History

This thesis explores what is at stake when changes are made to artworks after Canadian public institutions have accessioned them. It argues that the materiality of an art object matters, and together with the narrative or history of the artwork, contributes to its interpretation. Changes at the object level can have an impact not only on the history of an artwork, but also on an artist’s larger practice and on an institution’s collection. Using case studies of photographic works by Michael Snow (1929), Gabor Szilasi (1928), and Arnaud Maggs (1926-2012), this thesis investigates alterations made to artworks as a result of preservation concerns, curatorial input, and shifts in an artist’s thinking. Identifying the various subjectivities involved, this thesis examines how artists and institutions have responded to changes that affect art historical, curatorial, and collections management decisions and records.

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