scholarly journals Hot spots in mortality from drug poisoning in the United States, 2007–2009

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 14-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Rossen ◽  
Diba Khan ◽  
Margaret Warner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Poisoning

Can increases in Twitter posts predict increases in cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in the United States? Evidence that social media can inform epidemic surveillance. (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoyan Sun ◽  
Henna Budhwani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
State Level ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Attainment ◽  
Public Health Systems ◽  
Per Capita

BACKGROUND Though public health systems are responding rapidly to the COVID-19 pandemic, outcomes from publicly available, crowd-sourced big data may assist in helping to identify hot spots, prioritize equipment allocation and staffing, while also informing health policy related to “shelter in place” and social distancing recommendations. OBJECTIVE To assess if the rising state-level prevalence of COVID-19 related posts on Twitter (tweets) is predictive of state-level cumulative COVID-19 incidence after controlling for socio-economic characteristics. METHODS We identified extracted COVID-19 related tweets from January 21st to March 7th (2020) across all 50 states (N = 7,427,057). Tweets were combined with state-level characteristics and confirmed COVID-19 cases to determine the association between public commentary and cumulative incidence. RESULTS The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 cases varied significantly across states. Ratio of tweet increase (p=0.03), number of physicians per 1,000 population (p=0.01), education attainment (p=0.006), income per capita (p = 0.002), and percentage of adult population (p=0.003) were positively associated with cumulative incidence. Ratio of tweet increase was significantly associated with the logarithmic of cumulative incidence (p=0.06) with a coefficient of 0.26. CONCLUSIONS An increase in the prevalence of state-level tweets was predictive of an increase in COVID-19 diagnoses, providing evidence that Twitter can be a valuable surveillance tool for public health.

scholarly journals Production and application of manure nitrogen and phosphorus in the United States since 1860

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihao Bian ◽  
Hanqin Tian ◽  
Qichun Yang ◽  
Rongting Xu ◽  
Shufen Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Animal System ◽  
High Nutrient

Abstract. Livestock manure, as a recyclable source for nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the Soil-Plant-Animal system, plays an important role in nutrient cycling. Given the agricultural benefits and environmental pollutants brought by manure, it is of great importance to estimate the spatial variations and temporal trajectories of manure production and its application in croplands of the contiguous United States (U.S.). Here, we developed datasets of annual animal manure N and P production and application in the contiguous U.S. at a 30 arc-second resolution over the period of 1860–2017. The total production of manure N and P increased from 1.4 Tg N yr−1 and 0.3 Tg P yr−1 in 1860 to 7.4 Tg N yr−1 and 2.3 Tg P yr−1 in 2017. The increasing manure nutrient production was associated with increased livestock numbers before the 1980s and enhanced livestock weights after the 1980s. The high-nutrient region mainly enlarged from the Midwest toward the Southern U.S., and became more concentrated in numerous hot spots after the 1980s. The South Atlantic-Gulf and Mid-Atlantic basins were the two critical coastal regions with high environmental risks due to the enrichment of manure nutrient production and application from the 1970s to 2010s. Our long-term manure N and P datasets provide critical information for national and regional assessments of nutrient budgets. Additionally, the datasets can serve as the input data for ecosystem and hydrological models to examine biogeochemical cycles in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.919937 (Bian et al., 2020).

scholarly journals Bibliometric Analysis of Global Research Trends on Ultrasound Microbubble: A Quickly Developing Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyang Wu ◽  
Linjian Tong ◽  
Yulin Wang ◽  
Hua Yan ◽  
Zhiming Sun
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Scientific Output ◽  
Ultrasound Diagnosis ◽  
H Index ◽  
Journal Citation Reports

Background: Microbubbles are widely used as highly effective contrast agents to improve the diagnostic capability of ultrasound imaging. Mounting evidence suggests that ultrasound coupled with microbubbles has promising therapeutic applications in cancer, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders by acting as gene or drug carriers. The aim of this study was to identify the scientific output and activity related to ultrasound microbubble through bibliometric approaches.Methods: The literature related to ultrasound microbubble published between 1998 and 2019 was identified and selected from the Science Citation Index Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection on February 21, 2021. The Scopus database was also searched to validate the results and provided as supplementary material. Quantitative variables including number of publications and citations, H-index, and journal citation reports were analyzed by using Microsoft Excel 2019 and GraphPad Prism 8.0 software. VOS viewer and CiteSpace V were used to perform coauthorship, citation, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis for countries/regions, institutions, authors, and keywords.Results: A total of 6088 publications from the WoSCC were included. The United States has made the largest contribution in this field, with the majority of publications (2090, 34.3%), citations (90,741, 46.6%), the highest H-index (138), and close collaborations with China and Canada. The most contributive institution was the University of Toronto. Professors De Jong N and Dayton P A have made great achievements in this field. However, the research cooperation between institutions and authors was relatively weak. All the studies could be divided into four clusters: “ultrasound diagnosis study,” “microbubbles’ characteristics study,” “gene therapy study,” and “drug delivery study.” The average appearing years (AAY) of keywords in the cluster “drug delivery study” was more recent than other clusters. For promising hot spots, “doxorubicin” showed a relatively latest AAY of 2015.49, followed by “nanoparticles” and “breast cancer.”Conclusion: There has been an increasing amount of scientific output on ultrasound microbubble according to the global trends, and the United States is staying ahead in this field. Collaboration between research teams still needs to be strengthened. The focus gradually shifts from “ultrasound diagnosis study” to “drug delivery study.” It is recommended to pay attention to the latest hot spots, such as “doxorubicin,” “nanoparticles,” and “breast cancer.”

scholarly journals Modification of the Logistic Model for Epidemics and Application to the COVID-19 Epidemic of 2020 in the United States

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Time Evolution ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
The United States

We present a modification of the logistic model of epidemics that takes into account the possibility that an epidemic can develop from multiple physically-distinct hot spots with a range of starting times. This produces an improved understanding of the time evolution of the COVID-19 epidemic taking place in the United States in the spring of 2020.

scholarly journals The Clinical Impact and Cost-effectiveness of Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccination to Prevent Measles Importations Among International Travelers From the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 306-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily P Hyle ◽  
Naomi F Fields ◽  
Amy Parker Fiebelkorn ◽  
Allison Taylor Walker ◽  
Paul Gastañaduy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Impact ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Measles Outbreaks ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Measles importations and the subsequent spread from US travelers returning from abroad are responsible for most measles cases in the United States. Increasing measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination among departing US travelers could reduce the clinical impact and costs of measles in the United States. Methods We designed a decision tree to evaluate MMR vaccination at a pretravel health encounter (PHE), compared with no encounter. We derived input parameters from Global TravEpiNet data and literature. We quantified Riskexposure to measles while traveling and the average number of US-acquired cases and contacts due to a measles importation. In sensitivity analyses, we examined the impact of destination-specific Riskexposure, including hot spots with active measles outbreaks; the percentage of previously-unvaccinated travelers; and the percentage of travelers returning to US communities with heterogeneous MMR coverage. Results The no-encounter strategy projected 22 imported and 66 US-acquired measles cases, costing $14.8M per 10M travelers. The PHE strategy projected 15 imported and 35 US-acquired cases at $190.3M per 10M travelers. PHE was not cost effective for all international travelers (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER] $4.6M/measles case averted), but offered better value (ICER <$100 000/measles case averted) or was even cost saving for travelers to hot spots, especially if travelers were previously unvaccinated or returning to US communities with heterogeneous MMR coverage. Conclusions PHEs that improve MMR vaccination among US international travelers could reduce measles cases, but are costly. The best value is for travelers with a high likelihood of measles exposure, especially if the travelers are previously unvaccinated or will return to US communities with heterogeneous MMR coverage.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Deaths in the United States: Shifts in Hot Spots over the Three Phases of the Pandemic and the Spatiotemporally Varying Impact of Pandemic Vulnerability

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8987
Author(s):  
Yoo Min Park ◽  
Gregory D. Kearney ◽  
Bennett Wall ◽  
Katherine Jones ◽  
Robert J. Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
The United States ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Spatiotemporal Trends ◽  
Three Phases

The geographic areas most impacted by COVID-19 may not remain static because public health measures/behaviors change dynamically, and the impacts of pandemic vulnerability also may vary geographically and temporally. The nature of the pandemic makes spatiotemporal methods essential to understanding the distribution of COVID-19 deaths and developing interventions. This study examines the spatiotemporal trends in COVID-19 death rates in the United States from March 2020 to May 2021 by performing an emerging hot spot analysis (EHSA). It then investigates the effects of the COVID-19 time-dependent and basic social vulnerability factors on COVID-19 death rates using geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR). The EHSA results demonstrate that over the three phases of the pandemic (first wave, second wave, and post-vaccine deployment), hot spots have shifted from densely populated cities and the states with a high percentage of socially vulnerable individuals to the states with relatively relaxed social distancing requirements, and then to the states with low vaccination rates. The GTWR results suggest that local infection and testing rates, social distancing interventions, and other social, environmental, and health risk factors show significant associations with COVID-19 death rates, but these associations vary over time and space. These findings can inform public health planning.

scholarly journals Hot spots of opportunity for improved cropland nitrogen management across the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 035004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D Roy ◽  
Courtney R Hammond Wagner ◽  
Meredith T Niles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
The United States ◽  
Nitrogen Management
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