scholarly journals Wave 1 results of the INTerventions, Research, and Action in Cities Team (INTERACT) cohort study: Examining spatio-temporal measures for urban environments and health

2021 ◽  
pp. 102646
Author(s):  
Daniel Fuller ◽  
Scott Bell ◽  
Caislin L. Firth ◽  
Nazeem Muhajarine ◽  
Trisalyn Nelson ◽  
...  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 160900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dániel Kondor ◽  
Sebastian Grauwin ◽  
Zsófia Kallus ◽  
István Gódor ◽  
Stanislav Sobolevsky ◽  
...  

Thanks to their widespread usage, mobile devices have become one of the main sensors of human behaviour and digital traces left behind can be used as a proxy to study urban environments. Exploring the nature of the spatio-temporal patterns of mobile phone activity could thus be a crucial step towards understanding the full spectrum of human activities. Using 10 months of mobile phone records from Greater London resolved in both space and time, we investigate the regularity of human telecommunication activity on urban scales. We evaluate several options for decomposing activity timelines into typical and residual patterns, accounting for the strong periodic and seasonal components. We carry out our analysis on various spatial scales, showing that regularity increases as we look at aggregated activity in larger spatial units with more activity in them. We examine the statistical properties of the residuals and show that it can be explained by noise and specific outliers. Also, we look at sources of deviations from the general trends, which we find to be explainable based on knowledge of the city structure and places of attractions. We show examples how some of the outliers can be related to external factors such as specific social events.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (sup1) ◽  
pp. S109-S110
Author(s):  
Simone Cranage ◽  
Kelly-Ann Bowles ◽  
Luke Perraton ◽  
Cylie Williams

BMC Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian H. Stresman ◽  
Julia Mwesigwa ◽  
Jane Achan ◽  
Emanuele Giorgi ◽  
Archibald Worwui ◽  
...  

PMLA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilashini Cooppan

Area studies and world literature share a spirit of comparison, despite their distinct historical formations in cold war tactics of knowledge for power and the flurry of globalization theory that accompanied the neoliberal 1990s vision of open market as world stage, and notwithstanding recent critical narratives that cleave area studies' particularized zones of specialized, philologically deep knowledge from world literature's globe-spanning yet difference-erasing ambition. That spirit will not speak in these brief remarks, nor can I promise a report, readable or otherwise, to one disciplinary field (the comparative) from any other field (e.g., area studies). Area studies was always comparative. It emerged alongside a host of comparative methodologies whose slicing spatial divisions (continents, spheres of influences, West/East) and stealth temporal ladders (civilization, modernity, development) later comparatists of the literary-critical persuasion may question but whose gestures we are perhaps condemned to repeat in cutting the globe to new spatio-temporal measures. The task is not to redress historical error in the name of comparison (as if the verbal sense of discipline was intended and comparative literature could complete area studies) but rather to re-cognize comparison, which we are always learning how to do, through the remembrance of area studies' ambitions and omissions.


BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e036607
Author(s):  
Ester Cerin ◽  
Anthony Barnett ◽  
Basile Chaix ◽  
Mark J Nieuwenhuijsen ◽  
Karen Caeyenberghs ◽  
...  

IntroductionNumerous studies have found associations between characteristics of urban environments and risk factors for dementia and cognitive decline, such as physical inactivity and obesity. However, the contribution of urban environments to brain and cognitive health has been seldom examined directly. This cohort study investigates the extent to which and how a wide range of characteristics of urban environments influence brain and cognitive health via lifestyle behaviours in mid-aged and older adults in three cities across three continents.Methods and analysisParticipants aged 50–79 years and living in preselected areas stratified by walkability, air pollution and socioeconomic status are being recruited in Melbourne (Australia), Barcelona (Spain) and Hong Kong (China) (n=1800 total; 600 per site). Two assessments taken 24 months apart will capture changes in brain and cognitive health. Cognitive function is gauged with a battery of eight standardised tests. Brain health is assessed using MRI scans in a subset of participants. Information on participants’ visited locations is collected via an interactive web-based mapping application and smartphone geolocation data. Environmental characteristics of visited locations, including the built and natural environments and their by-products (e.g., air pollution), are assessed using geographical information systems, online environmental audits and self-reports. Data on travel and lifestyle behaviours (e.g., physical and social activities) and participants’ characteristics (e.g., sociodemographics) are collected using objective and/or self-report measures.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Australian Catholic University, the Institutional Review Board of the University of Hong Kong and the Parc de Salut Mar Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the Government of Catalonia. Results will be communicated through standard scientific channels. Methods will be made freely available via a study-dedicated website.Trial registration numberACTRN12619000817145.


Author(s):  
Juan P. Wachs

This paper describes the design of intelligent, collaborative operating rooms based on highly intuitive, natural and multimodal interaction. Intelligent operating rooms minimize surgeon’s focus shifts by minimizing both the focus spatial offset (distance moved by surgeon’s head or gaze to the new target) and the movement spatial offset (distance surgeon covers physically). These spatio-temporal measures have an impact on the surgeon’s performance in the operating room. I describe how machine vision techniques are used to extract spatio-temporal measures and to interact with the system, and how computer graphics techniques can be used to display visual medical information effectively and rapidly. Design considerations are discussed and examples showing the feasibility of the different approaches are presented.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-321
Author(s):  
Petr Šimáček ◽  
Miloslav Šerý ◽  
David Fiedor ◽  
Lucia Brisudová

AbstractThe concept of topophobia has been known in Geography for decades. Places which evoke fear in people’s minds can be found in almost every city. The perception of fear within an urban environment shows a certain spatio-temporal concentration and is often represented by fear of crime. The meaning of topophobic places, however, derived from the experience of fear of crime changes over time, and thus can alter the usual patterns of population behaviours in relation to time (in the time of the day and over longer periods) and space. A spatiotemporal understanding of these changes is therefore crucial for local decision-makers. Using data from the Czech Republic, this paper deals with the analysis of topophobic places, and is based on an empirical survey of the inhabitants of four cities, using the concept of mental mapping. In contrast to most similar geographical studies, the paper emphasises the temporal dimension of the fear of crime. The results have shown that over time there are significant differences in the meanings of topophobic places, and they have demonstrated the necessity of taking local specifics into account. The paper shows how the intensity of and the reasons for fears vary, depending on time and place. In general, the results provide support for the idea of place as a process and contain useful information for spatial planning and policy in urban areas.


2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 2997-3004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenchao Ding ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Shaojie Shen

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