Evolution of Technology in Replacement of Heart Valves: Transcatheter Aortic Valves, A Revolution for Management of Valvular Heart Diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 100512
Author(s):  
Mario Coccia
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Aortic Valves ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases ◽  
Evolution Of Technology

Tricuspid and pulmonary valve disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 211-221
Author(s):  
Denisa Muraru ◽  
Elif Leyla Sade
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Pulmonary Valve ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases ◽  
Alternative Modality ◽  
The Right ◽  
Transcatheter Interventions ◽  
Valve Diseases

Right heart valves have gained significant interest in the context of a plethora of new emerging percutaneous transcatheter interventions for treating tricuspid and pulmonary valve diseases. Multimodality imaging is pivotal for patient diagnosis, management, and prognosis, as well as for planning interventional and surgical valve procedures. Echocardiography is the primary imaging modality for initial diagnosis and longitudinal follow-up of patients with right-sided valvular heart disease. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance has emerged as a complementary or alternative modality for providing diagnostic information on the tricuspid and pulmonary valve anatomy, and particularly on the pulmonary artery and the consequences on the right ventricle. This chapter highlights the current use of various imaging modalities for the state-of-the-art assessment of right-sided valvular heart diseases, with emphasis on the main clinical indications, as well as on the strengths and limitations of each modality.

The tropoelastin and lysyl oxidase treatments increased the content of insoluble elastin in bioprosthetic heart valves

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Lei ◽  
Yushun Xia ◽  
Yunbing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Lysyl Oxidase ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Bioprosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases ◽  
Preparation Strategy ◽  
Implantation Model

Valvular heart diseases lead to over 300,000 heart valve replacements worldwide each year. Commercially available bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) are mostly made from porcine or bovine pericardiums which were crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (GLUT). However, valve failures can occur within 10 years due to progressive degradation and calcification. GLUT could crosslink collagen but it fails to stabilize elastin. In this current study, we developed a new BHVs preparation strategy named as “GLUT/TE/LOXL/EGCG” that utilizes exogenous tropoelastin (TE)/lysyl oxidase (LOXL) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) to increase the elastin content as well as the stabilization of elastin. The feeding ratios of tropoelastin and lysyl oxidase were optimized. The contents of desmosine and insoluble elastin, biomechanics, cytotoxicity, hemocompatibility, in vivo componential stability and anti-calcification potential were characterized. Pericardiums with increased elastin content had improved the mechanical properties. GLUT/TE/LOXL/EGCG-treated pericardiums had similar cytotoxicity and coagulation properties compared to GLUT and GLUT/EGCG control. We demonstrated that GLUT/TE/LOXL/EGCG-treated pericardiums had high amount of insoluble elastin in 90 days’ rat subdermal implantation model, and better resistance for calcification. This new tropoelastin and lysyl oxidase treatments strategy would be a promising method to make BHVs which have better structural stability and anti-calcification properties.

scholarly journals Critical study of valvular heart diseases W. S. R. to Ayurvedokta Shatkriyakala

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Waghe
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Valvular Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Critical Study ◽  
Throat Infection ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases ◽  
Principles Of Treatment

Valvular heart diseases leads to definite death by various complications if not treated early. Although it may start as the simple throat infection but eventually it may affect the heart valves if not treated early. Shatkriya Kala is a unique pathological concept in Ayurveda developed with aim of treating the diseases at various stages of pathogenesis. Ancient Ayurvediac acharyas had stated 6 such stages of therapeutic intervention with reference to six stages of pathogenesis namely sanchaya, prakopa, prasara, sthansanshraya, vyakti and bheda.. If disease is treated in early stages, it does not lead to complications. There are vishahra a,d aamhar drugs in Ayurveda which could be potentially used to treat valvular affections. Hence, it is essential to apply the Ayurvedic concept of pathogenesis like ‘Shat Kriyakala’  to valvular heart disease so as to study it from Ayurvedic pathological point of view and to evolve a strategy to deal with it based on the Ayurvedokta principles of treatment particularly in terms of shatkriyakalas. The study of valvular heart disease with reference to Shat Kriyakala, showed that the pathogenesis of valvular heart disease can very well be arranged in Ayurvedokta  six stages of Shat Kriyakala and treatment could be framed as per different stages. With the help of modern investigations, these six stages could be diagnostically confirmed.

scholarly journals Prosthetic Heart Valves and Pregnancy: Challenges and Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 03 (02/03) ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
Akshyaya Pradhan ◽  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
Pravesh Vishwakarma
Keyword(s):  
Heart Valves ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Prosthetic Heart Valves ◽  
Prosthetic Valves ◽  
Dose Warfarin ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases

AbstractWith improved outcomes of valvular heart diseases and prosthetic valves, many women now survive into child-bearing age and pregnancy. However, the presence of prosthetic valves in pregnancy has an adverse impact on both maternal and fetal outcomes. The bioprosthetic or tissue valves are less thrombogenic. They do not need any anticoagulation and lead to normal pregnancy with normal baseline valve function. However, they have high rate of structural degeneration, especially in the young with an attendant need of reoperation leading to morbidity. Mechanical valves have excellent hemodynamics during pregnancy but are inherently thrombogenic leading to thromboembolic complications, necessitating uninterrupted anticoagulation. Anticoagulation itself leads to a host of maternal and fetal bleeding complication as well as adverse fetal anomalies. The use of low-dose warfarin throughout pregnancy has the best maternal safety profile. Added to this regimen, targeted replacement with parenteral heparin during the first (6–12 weeks) and late third trimesters (beyond 36 weeks) leads to virtual elimination of embryopathy as well as appreciable reductions of maternal mortality. Proper preconception counseling and antenatal care coupled with planned labor or delivery is essential to ensure best outcomes. These patients are best managed in a tertiary care center with proper expertise in managing adverse cardiovascular, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes.

scholarly journals Rheumatological Findings in Candidates for Valvular Heart Surgery

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bagher Owlia ◽  
Seyed Jalil Mirhosseini ◽  
Nafiseh Naderi ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Yousof Mostafavi Pour Manshadi ◽  
Sadegh Ali Hassan Sayegh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Anemia Of Chronic Disease ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases ◽  
History Of

Background and Objectives. Valvular heart diseases are among the frequent causes of cardiac surgery. Some patients have a well-known rheumatic condition. Heart valves are fragile connective tissues which are vulnerable to any systemic autoimmune diseases. This study was designed to evaluate the frequency of rheumatological background in patients candidate for valvular heart surgery in Afshar Cardiovascular Center, Yazd, Iran. Methods. One hundred and twenty (120) patients candidate for valvular heart surgery were selected for this study. Careful history and physical examination were undertaken from rheumatological stand points. The most sensitive screening serologic tests were also assayed. Results. The result of this study showed that 53.3% were male and 46.6% were female with mean age of years old. 45.8% of the patients had history of nonmechanical joint disease, 14.2% had history of rheumatological conditions in their family, and 30% had history of constitutional symptoms. 29.8% had positive joint dysfunction findings in their physical examination while 25.8% had anemia of chronic disease. Positive Rheumatoid factor (RF), anticyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP, ACPA), C-reactive protein (CRP), antinuclear antibody (ANA), abnormal urine and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were 34, 2.5, 26.7, 4.2, 5, and 36.7%, respectively. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) and antiphospholipid (APL) were positive in a few cases. Conclusion. The findings of this study show immunologic bases for most patients with valvular heart diseases candidate for surgery. Undifferentiated connective tissue diseases may play an important role in the pathophysiology of valvular damage.

scholarly journals Tissue engineering of heart valves using decellularized xenogeneic or polymeric starter matrices

2007 ◽  
Vol 362 (1484) ◽  
pp. 1505-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dörthe Schmidt ◽  
Ulrich A Stock ◽  
Simon P Hoerstrup
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Valvular Heart Diseases ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
End Stage

Heart valve replacement represents the most common surgical therapy for end-stage valvular heart diseases. A major drawback that all contemporary heart valve replacements have in common is the lack of growth, repair and remodelling capability. In order to overcome these limitations, the emerging new field of tissue engineering is focusing on the in vitro generation of functional, living heart valve replacements. The basic approach uses starter matrices either of decellularized xenogeneic or polymeric materials configured in the shape of the heart valve and subsequent cell seeding. This manuscript will give a detailed overview of these two concepts without giving favour to one or the other. The concluding discussion will focus on current limitations and studies as well as future challenges prior to safe clinical application.

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