Neoplasms of dendritic cells: related cell origins and diagnostic markers. Fibroblastic reticulum cells and fibroblastic reticulum cell tumors show several immunophenotypic profiles—Reply

Ki-M4, a new IgG3 monoclonal antibody, selectively recognizes dendritic reticulum cells (DRC; follicular dendritic cells) in all human lymphatic organs, as tested by the immunoperoxidase method on the light and electron microscopic level. This antibody was raised against separated lysosomes of the 12–0-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulated permanent cell line, U-937, derived from a human histiocytic lymphoma. No cross-reactivity was encountered in epithelial and mesenchymal cells, including macrophages and other cells detectable in bronchial and peritoneal lavages. In the nonadherent fraction of the mononuclear blood cells collected from the interphase of a Ficoll- Urografin gradient (density = 1.077 g/ml), 0.1 per million of the cells hitherto not classified as monocytes or lymphocytes showed a strong reaction. All other separated blood cell types were devoid of any reactivity. The observation that DRC share a highly restricted, and thus specific, antigen with a small but distinct subpopulation of mononuclear leukocytes implies their blood derivation.

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Significance of S-100 Protein Immunostaining in the Immunohistological Analysis of Normal and Neoplastic Lymphoid Tissues - An Appraisal

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460088600100201 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 57-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Antonino Carbone ◽

Riccardo Manconi ◽

Alessandro Poletti ◽

Rachele Volpe

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

Beta Subunits ◽

Lymphoid Tissues ◽

Tissue Quality ◽

Protein Subunits ◽

Reticulum Cells ◽

Combined Use ◽

S 100 ◽

Diagnostic Clue

S-100 protein is a heterogeneous fraction of dimeric polypeptides (alpha and beta subunits) that can exist in different combination forms within the various tissues. Concerning the S-100 protein immunodetection within lymphoid tissue, the heterogeneity of the S-100 antigen, the tissue quality (frozen or paraffin-embedded after treatment with different fixatives) and the treatment of the tissue with different immunostaining methods and antibodies of different nature, all make for inconsistent results obtained in the immunohistological studies reported in the literature. Most of the S-100-positive cells of the lymphoreticular system are dendritic cells involved in the immune response (interdigitating reticulum cells, Langerhans cells, and follicular dendritic reticulum cells), other S-100-positive cells belonging to the mononuclear/phagocytic system. S-100 protein immunostaining may be used as a helpful immunohistological diagnostic clue to certain malignancies of the immune system (follicular center cell lymphomas) on the basis of their specifically related dendritic cell microenvironment. In addition to monoclonal antibodies for the immunophenotypic characterization of dendritic cells and macrophages and to enzyme reactions, the combined use of anti-S-100 antibodies specific for each of the S-100 protein subunits, tested with sensitive procedures, would be a very useful tool in the attempt to classify the proliferative disorders of dendritic cells and macrophages.

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PLASMACYTOSIS IN DISEASES OTHER THAN THE PRIMARY PLASMACYTIC DISEASES

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v5.2.191.191 ◽

1950 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 191-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

ROBERT S. FADEM ◽

JOHN E. McBIRNIE

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Reticulum Cell ◽

Careful Evaluation ◽

Reticulum Cells ◽

Morphologic Analysis ◽

Morphologic Appearance

Abstract 1. This limited study has revealed plasmacytosis of 5.4 per cent to 23.6 per cent in the bone marrow of six diseases other than the primary plasmacytic diseases. 2. The plasmacytic elements observed in these responses were predominantly mature varieties consisting of plasmacytes and degenerative plasmacytes. 3. In each of the cases described a coexisting increase of reticulum cells was observed in the bone marrow. 4. Plasmacytic elements with nuclear and cytoplasmic characteristics of reticulum cells were described and lend additional morphologic evidence to the suggested reticulum cell origin of the plasmacytic series. 5. Even though a morphologic analysis of these cells has revealed a predominance of plasmacytes and degenerative plasmacytes it has not been suggested that plasmacytic responses can be distinguished from the primary plasmacytic diseases on the morphologic appearance of the plasmacytic elements in the bone marrow. Rather, the demonstration of bone marrow plasmacytosis should be subjected to careful evaluation with consideration of other diagnostic criteria before a diagnosis of primary plasmacytic disease is made.

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Five Genes as Diagnostic Markers of Ischemic Stroke and Their Correlation with Immune Infiltration

10.21203/rs.3.rs-936536/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Meng Wang ◽

Ruijie Zhang ◽

Qiongfeng Guan ◽

Yindan Yao ◽

Liyuan Han

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Dendritic Cells ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Diagnostic Markers ◽

Cell Infiltration ◽

Immune Cell Infiltration ◽

Γδt Cells ◽

Negatively Associated

Abstract Background: This study aimed to identify potential diagnostic markers of ischemic stroke (IS) and discuss the function of immune cell infiltration during the pathological process. Methods: We used IS datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and functional correlation analysis was performed. We then screened and verified the diagnostic markers of IS. We evaluated the infiltration of immune cells in infarcts using CIBERSORT and analyzed the correlation between diagnostic markers and infiltrating immune cells. Results: A total of 366 DEGs were screened in this study. Genes encoding CTSG, F13A1, PABPC1, ECHDC2, BIRC2 and infiltrating monocytes, M0 macrophages, activated dendritic cells, and neutrophils (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.945) were identified as diagnostic markers of IS. Immune cell infiltration analysis suggested that memory B cells, regulatory T cells, M0 macrophages, CD8 + T cells, γδT cells, activated natural killer cells, monocytes, activated mast cells, and neutrophils were involved in the IS process. Analysis of correlations between expressed genes and infiltrating immune cells found that CTSG was positively associated with M0 macrophages, F13A1 was positively associated with monocytes, PABPC1 was positively associated with activated dendritic cells, eosinophils were negatively associated with neutrophils, ECHDC2 was negatively associated with monocytes, and BIRC2 was positively associated with eosinophils. Conclusion: five genes and four types of immune cells were identified as diagnostic markers of IS, and immune cell infiltration may play an important role in the progression of IS.

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ARG2, MAP4K5 and TSTA3 as Diagnostic Markers of Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head and Their Correlation With Immune Infiltration

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2021.691465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Rongguo Yu ◽

Jiayu Zhang ◽

Youguang Zhuo ◽

Xu Hong ◽

Jie Ye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cells ◽

B Cells ◽

Femoral Head ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Early Stage ◽

Diagnostic Markers ◽

Memory B Cells ◽

Qrt Pcr ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Relationship

BackgroundThe diagnosis for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is hard to achieve at the early stage, which results in patients receiving ineffective treatment options and a poor prognosis for most cases. The present study aimed to find potential diagnostic markers of SONFH and analyze the effect exerted by infiltration of immune cells in this pathology.Materials and MethodsR software was adopted for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and conducting functional investigation based on the microarray dataset. Then we combined SVM-RFE, WGCNA, LASSO logistic regression, and random forest (RF) algorithms for screening the diagnostic markers of SONFH and further verification by qRT-PCR. The diagnostic values were assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. CIBERSORT was then adopted for assessing the infiltration of immune cells and the relationship of infiltration-related immune cells and diagnostic markers.ResultsWe identified 383 DEGs overall. This study found ARG2, MAP4K5, and TSTA3 (AUC = 0.980) to be diagnostic markers of SONFH. The results of qRT-PCR showed a statistically significant difference in all markers. Analysis of infiltration of immune cells indicated that neutrophils, activated dendritic cells and memory B cells were likely to show the relationship with SONFH occurrence and progress. Additionally, all diagnostic markers had different degrees of correlation with T cell follicular helper, neutrophils, memory B cells, and activated dendritic cells.ConclusionARG2, MAP4K5, and TSTA3 are potential diagnostic genes for SONFH, and infiltration of immune cells may critically impact SONFH occurrence and progression.

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Neoplastic Lymphoid Reticulum Cells in the Peripheral Blood: A Histochemical Study

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v17.2.206.206 ◽

1961 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 206-215 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

W. J. MITUS ◽

I. B. MEDNICOFF ◽

B. WITTELS ◽

W. DAMESHEK

Keyword(s):

Peripheral Blood ◽

Histochemical Study ◽

Cell System ◽

Reticulum Cell ◽

Cell Type ◽

Phase Microscopy ◽

Reticulum Cells ◽

Morphologic Characteristics

Abstract Abnormal appearing cells having the superficial appearance of large lymphocytes were found in some cases of generalized malignant proliferations af the reticulum cell system and were studied by cytochemical methods and by phase microscopy. They were found to be very similar in their reactions to the "fixed" or tissue reticulum cells and in many respects to monocytes, but differed markedly from the cells of the lymphocytic system with which they are often confused. The term neoplastic lymphoid reticulum cell is applied to these cells since it indicates that they are malignant in nature and fundamentally of the reticulum cell type, although in fixed and stain material they may show some of the morphologic characteristics of the lymphocytic cells.

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