Gravitational ischemia in the brain — may be exacerbated by high altitude and reduced partial pressure of oxygen, inducing lung changes mimicking neurogenic pulmonary edema

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Howard Jaster ◽  
Giulia Ottaviani
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals ACTION OF METHYLENE BLUE ON BODY TEMPERATURE AND METABOLISM

1931 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Gregoire
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
White Rats ◽  
High Partial Pressure ◽  
Lower Temperature

1. Methylene blue injected intravenously in white rats is hyperthermizing or hypothermizing according to the environmental temperature. 2. It causes an increase in metabolism at 28°C. or above. At lower temperature it does not affect, or rather depresses, metabolism. 3. It does not seem likely that its hypermetabolic action is due to catalysis of cell oxidations. 4. In animals exposed to an atmosphere with a high partial pressure of oxygen, methylene blue causes pulmonary edema, much more rapidly than does oxygen alone.

Distribution of partial pressure of oxygen in the brain of spontaneously hypertensive rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. B. Aleksandrova ◽  
G. S. Kilibaeva ◽  
T. V. Ryasina ◽  
I. T. Demchenko ◽  
Yu. E. Moskalenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive ◽  
The Brain

Nutritional requirement at high-altitude with special emphasises to behaviour of gastro-intestinal tract and hormonal changes

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Naveen Shivanna ◽  
M. B. Anusha ◽  
K. R. Anilakumar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Loss Of Appetite

<p>When people are exposed to the extreme environmental conditions, such as high altitude (HA) where there is decrease in temperature and partial pressure of oxygen induces fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite and increased cardiac output. Hence there is need to improve the appetite through the diet and digestion clout of the individual. In the present review paper we have discussed the efficiency of digestion is compromised at HA. Also about, Hypoxia, resulting by decreased partial pressure of oxygen can be classified into acute hypoxia and chronic hypoxia based on the exposure time. There is increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to less oxygen available in the air at HA which leads to oxidative stress. Lipid peroxidation caused by oxidative stress. Hypoxia is mediated through hypoxia inducible factors which maintain oxygen haemostasis in the body. At HA diet rich in carbohydrates have been found to be beneficial as it increases glucose metabolism. Requirement of nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C as well as micronutrients such as zinc, iron, selenium, copper and manganese will be required at HA. Hypoxia effect on the intestine leads to malabsorption and the lipid storage is stimulated and lipid catabolism is inhibited through β-oxidation.</p>

Fatal neurogenic pulmonary edema in a patient with progressive multiple sclerosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Bramow ◽  
JC Faber-Rod ◽  
C Jacobsen ◽  
A Kutzelnigg ◽  
P Patrikios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Unexpected Death ◽  
Respiratory Centers ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltrates ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuropathological Examination

We report a case of fatal neurogenic pulmonary edema in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). The patient had one isolated relapse-like episode. Six years later progressive disease began, lasting 5 years until unexpected death during sleep. Medico-legal autopsy revealed pulmonary edema and neuropathological examination showed infiltrations with lymphocytes and microglia in the respiratory centers of the medulla. More classical demyelinated lesions were found in the white matter of spinal cord and in the gray matter of the brain along with disseminated perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates. Medullary inflammation in progressive MS may result in sudden fatal respiratory failure.

scholarly journals A Case of MDMA-Associated Cerebral and Pulmonary Edema Requiring ECMO

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Thakkar ◽  
K. Parekh ◽  
K. El Hachem ◽  
E. M. Mohanraj
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Cerebral Edema ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Severe Hyponatremia ◽  
Brain Computed Tomography ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
The Brain

A 20-year-old female presented with confusion, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and severe hyponatremia after ingesting 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). Brain computed tomography (CT) demonstrated cerebral edema. Her hospital course was rapidly complicated by respiratory failure and shock requiring intubation and vasopressors. Refractory acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was diagnosed which was unresponsive to conventional and salvage therapies, requiring initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), leading to normalization of oxygenation parameters. Hyponatremia was corrected and the encephalopathy resolved. The patient was decannulated and extubated after three days. MDMA-induced hyponatremia is hypothesized to result from enhanced serotonergic activity and arginine vasopressin (AVP) release in the brain leading to hyperthermia-induced polydipsia and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion. A common but often unrecognized complication of severe hyponatremia is the Ayus-Arieff syndrome where cerebral edema causes neurogenic pulmonary edema via centrally mediated increases in catecholamine release and capillary injury. For our patient, ECMO was required for three days while the hyponatremia was corrected which led to rapid clearing of the cerebral edema and neurogenic pulmonary edema. This case illustrates that, in selecting patients with refractory ARDS from MDMA-associated cerebral and pulmonary edema, ECMO may be a temporizing and life-saving modality of treatment.

scholarly journals Biochemical, Oxidative, and Physiological Changes Caused by Acute Exposure of Fentanyl and Its 3 Analogs in Rodents

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiv Kumar Yadav ◽  
Deo Kumar ◽  
Pravin Kumar ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Gupta ◽  
Rahul Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Neuromuscular Transmission ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Oxygen ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Μ Receptor

Synthesis and bioefficacy of fentanyl and its 8 new 1-substituted analogs (1-8) were earlier reported by us. Of these 8 compounds, N-(1-(2-phenoxyethyl)-4-piperidinyl)propionanilide (2), N-isopropyl-3-(4-( N-phenylpropionamido)piperidin-1-yl)propanamide (5), and N- t-butyl-3-(4-( N-phenylpropionamido)piperidin-1-yl) propanamide (6) were found to be more effective and less toxic compared to fentanyl. The present study reports the acute effect of fentanyl (0.50 Median Lethal Dose (LD50); intraperitoneal) and its 3 analogs (2, 5, and 6) on various biochemical and oxidative parameters in mice and various physiological parameters in rats. Blood alkaline phosphatase (1 hour and 7 days) and urea levels (1 hour) were significantly elevated by fentanyl, while alanine aminotransferase levels (1 hour) were increased by both fentanyl and analog 2 compared to the corresponding control. Increase in partial pressure of carbon dioxide and decrease in partial pressure of oxygen were also caused by fentanyl and analog 2 (1 hour). Analog 6 alone elevated malondialdehyde levels in the brain, liver, and kidney tissues (7 days). The LD50 of fentanyl and analogs 2, 5, and 6 were found to be 0.879, 87.88, 69.80, and 55.44 mg/kg, respectively, in rats. Significant decrease in heart rate, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate (RR), and neuromuscular transmission was produced by fentanyl and analog 2, while analog 5 decreased the RR alone. The changes, particularly the respiratory depression, were found to be reversed by naloxone, a μ-receptor antagonist. Thereby, indicating involvement of μ-receptor mediated effects of the compounds. To conclude, all the analogs were found to be less toxic compared to fentanyl, suggesting their possible role in pain management.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document