Individual analysis of EEG background‐activity within school age: impact of age and sex within a longitudinal data set

This research was designed to provide a socially valid evaluation of the posttreatment speech of children who received an operant treatment for early stuttering (The Lidcombe Program). Part A compared the posttreatment percent syllables stuttered (%SS) for preschool and school-age children with nonstuttering control children matched for age and sex. This study found that both groups attracted similar measures of %SS. Part B compared the number of "stuttering" versus "not stuttering" judgments made by experienced clinicians and unsophisticated listeners on the same speech samples. Control children were identified as "stuttering" significantly more than the treated children. The clinician listeners identified significantly more control samples and posttreatment samples as stuttering than the unsophisticated listeners. The implications of these results are discussed. It is concluded that The Lidcombe Program resulted in socially valid modifications in the participant's speech.

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Tie Decay and Dissolution: Contentious Prescribing Practices in the Prescription Drug Epidemic

Organization Science ◽

10.1287/orsc.2020.1412 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Victoria (Shu) Zhang ◽

Marissa D. King

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Data ◽

Prescription Drug ◽

Formation Processes ◽

Prescribing Practices ◽

Data Set ◽

Substantial Body ◽

Nuanced Understanding

Although a substantial body of work has investigated drivers of tie formation, there is growing interest in understanding why relationships decay or dissolve altogether. The networks literature has tended to conceptualize tie decay as driven by processes similar to those underlying tie formation. Yet information that is revealed through ongoing interactions can exert different effects on tie formation and tie decay. This paper investigates how tie decay and tie formation processes differ by focusing on contentious practices. To the extent that information about dissimilarities in contentious practices is learned through ongoing interactions, it can exert diverging effects on tie formation and tie decay. Using a longitudinal data set of 141,543 physician dyads, we find that differences in contentious prescribing led ties to weaken or dissolve altogether but did not affect tie formation. The more contentious the practice and the more information available about the practice, the stronger the effect on tie decay and dissolution. Collectively, these findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of relationship evolution as an unfolding process through which deeper-level differences are revealed and shape the outcome of the tie.

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Sexism and Gender Inequality Across 57 Societies

Psychological Science ◽

10.1177/0956797611420445 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (11) ◽

pp. 1413-1418 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

Mark J. Brandt

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Data ◽

Multilevel Modeling ◽

Gender Inequality ◽

Past Research ◽

Status Quo ◽

Data Set ◽

Representative Data ◽

Gender Hierarchy ◽

And Gender

Theory predicts that individuals’ sexism serves to exacerbate inequality in their society’s gender hierarchy. Past research, however, has provided only correlational evidence to support this hypothesis. In this study, I analyzed a large longitudinal data set that included representative data from 57 societies. Multilevel modeling showed that sexism directly predicted increases in gender inequality. This study provides the first evidence that sexist ideologies can create gender inequality within societies, and this finding suggests that sexism not only legitimizes the societal status quo, but also actively enhances the severity of the gender hierarchy. Three potential mechanisms for this effect are discussed briefly.

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Observed effects of education on intelligence in longitudinal data may be spurious: a formal model and reanalysis

10.31234/osf.io/xajz8 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kimmo Eriksson ◽

Kimmo Sorjonen ◽

Daniel Falkstedt ◽

Bo Melin ◽

Gustav Nilsonne

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Longitudinal Data ◽

Measurement Errors ◽

Basic Education ◽

Formal Model ◽

Causal Effect ◽

Simulated Data ◽

School Age ◽

Policy Changes ◽

Zero Effect

Effects of education on intelligence are controversial. Earlier studies of longitudinal data have observed positive associations between level of education and a later measurement of intelligence, when statistically controlling for an earlier measurement of intelligence, and furthermore that this association is stronger among individuals with lower pre-education intelligence. Here we challenge the interpretation that these observations reflect a causal effect of education. We develop and analyze a mathematical model in which education is assumed to have zero effect on intelligence, showing that precisely the observed pattern of results arises as a statistical artefact due to measurement errors. Fitting our model to a dataset used in a prior study, we show that observed associations between education and intelligence are closely replicated in simulated data generated by our model. Thus, our reanalysis indicates that additional higher education does not cause an increase in intelligence. We discuss how positive findings in studies of policy changes and school-age cutoff are limited to basic education and may not generalize to higher education.

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The normative evolution of corporate governance in the UK: an empirical analysis (1995-2014)

Corporate Governance ◽

10.1108/cg-07-2018-0239 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 1015-1041 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Stefanie Pletz ◽

Joan Upson

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Longitudinal Data ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Financial Market ◽

Data Set ◽

Content Type ◽

Market Growth ◽

Implementation Model ◽

Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽

The Uk

Purpose This paper aims to analyse normative corporate governance evolution in the UK between 1995 and 2014 against the benchmark of Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) regulatory principles. Design/methodology/approach Methodologically, the authors conduct an empirical, longitudinal data set analysis of the formative years of UK normative corporate governance development between 1995 and 2014. We provide a qualitative discussion of the empirical evidence that links the type of UK regulatory corporate governance development to financial market growth thereby adopting a mixed approach based on quantitative and qualitative research methods. Findings The authors find that compared to the OECD model of corporate governance, the UK model is less rigid following a more self-regulatory approach based upon a “comply or explain” paradigm. Thus it is scored below corporate governance systems that follow a compulsory implementation model. However, even with such “low” tilt towards formal shareholder primacy norms, the UK has the best performing financial market. As a quasi-empirical study, the authors suggest that there are several historical and economic reasons for this, which together with a robust rule of law in the UK contribute to this performance – and the law especially the type or tilt is less relevant. Originality/value This is the first of its kind empirical, longitudinal data set analysis with qualitative elements that links empirical evidence to regulatory developments in the wider context of UK corporate governance evolution.

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Detection of repeating earthquakes in the West Bohemia swarm region

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-16840 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ali Salama ◽

Tomas Fischer

Keyword(s):

Fault Zone ◽

Seismic Velocity ◽

Background Activity ◽

Source Parameters ◽

The West ◽

Data Set ◽

Repeating Earthquakes ◽

Waveform Cross Correlation ◽

Cross Correlation Analysis ◽

West Bohemia

&#160;&#160;&#160;Repeating earthquakes, sequences of microseismic events with highly similar seismograms and magnitudes, suggest quasi-periodic rupturing of the same asperity. They are observed on creeping fault segments surrounded by aseismic slip area and also in earthquake swarms. However, so far, they have not been documented in the West Bohemia/Vogtland seismic swarm area. These local swarms consist of thousands of ML < 4 events occurring along a small area of fault zone with repeated activation of some patches during the swarms and weak background activity in the intermediate periods. Detecting and analyzing the repeating earthquakes would help revealing the continuing background activity and identifying fault areas that are active permanently. This could point to the possible sources of fluids or aseismic creep that are supposed to play significant role in swarm generation. Repeating earthquakes are identified by waveform cross-correlation analysis comparing waveforms of repeaters with continuous seismic data set. We developed efficient detection algorithm to identify repeating earthquakes using selected event templates to reveal continuing seismic activity along the main Nov&#253; Kostel fault zone, namely in the areas with only episodic activity. The results provide a robust basis for routine application to the long-term seismic dataset that will allow also for further applications including analysis of the source parameters of the repeaters and/or detecting possible seismic velocity variations in the focal zone. &#160;

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1124-196 Impact of elevated age and sex-adjusted body mass index in school age children on insulin resistance and lipoprotein subfractions

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(04)92135-3 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. A505

Author(s):

David K Murdock ◽

Karen Olson ◽

Kirk Jenkins ◽

Mary Roth ◽

Sharon Fox ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Lipoprotein Subfractions ◽

Age And Sex

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Teacher Pension Incentives, Retirement Behavior, and Potential for Reform in Arkansas

Education Finance and Policy ◽

10.1162/edfp_a_00013 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 492-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Robert M. Costrell ◽

Josh B. McGee

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Data ◽

Behavioral Response ◽

Early Retirement ◽

Pension Plan ◽

Data Set ◽

Service Requirement ◽

Retirement Plan ◽

Retirement Behavior ◽

Pension Wealth

The authors analyze the Arkansas teacher pension plan and empirically gauge the behavioral response to incentives embedded in that plan and to possible reforms. The pattern of pension wealth accrual creates sharp incentives to work until eligible for early or normal retirement, often in one's early fifties, and to separate shortly thereafter. We estimate the effect of pension wealth accrual on teacher separation decisions using a new longitudinal data set of Arkansas teachers and find a significant impact. We then simulate the response to eliminating early retirement and raising the service requirement for normal retirement. We also simulate a shift to a constant accrual retirement plan. The response to both reforms is complex, as some would leave earlier and others stay longer. A constant accrual plan smoothes the pattern of retirement behavior as individuals tailor decisions to their own preferences instead of those built into the pension formula.

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