Islamic Legal Analysis of Obligation for Swab Tests as a Requirement for Marriage in the Era of Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia

The Covid-19 pandemic gives many impacts on various aspects, including marriage service requirement. During the pandemic, it is required to comply with government policies, namely submitting negative Covid-19 Swab test results for prospective brides, witnesses, and marriage guardians. Due to the high spending for taking the test, some prefer to unregister the marriage and delay the schedule. This research is a literature study with a normative type. The data was obtained qualitatively through observation and analysis of the policy of the Ministry of Religious Affair, its impact on Indonesian society, and how Islamic law percieves the policy. The results show that the policy of the Ministry of Religious Affair number: P-001/DJ.III/Hk.007/07/2021 aimed to cope with the spread of Covid-19 virus which is increasingly rampant. Meanwhile, according to the Islamic law, it is a temporary requirement formulated to prevent harm and therefore, it is not a part of marriage pillar. Islamic law furthermore puts it as an effort to maintain the soul's safety (hifdun al-nafs). (Pandemi Covid-19 memberi dampak pada berbagai macam aspek kehidupan, termasuk persyaratan layanan pernikahan. Selama pandemi, pasangan yang akan menikah, saksi, dan walinya diwajibkan menyerahkan hasil negatif test Swab sesuai kebijakan pemerintah. Karena mahalnya biaya test tersebut, ada beberapa pasangan yang memilih pernikahan sirri atau menunda pernikahannya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian pustaka yang berjenis normatif. Data-data di dalamnya diperoleh secara melalui pengamatan dan analisis terhadap kebijakan Kementerian Agama nomor P-001/DJ.III/Hk.007/07/2021 yang bertujuan menanggulangi penyebaran virus Covid-19 yang sempat menggila. Sementara itu menurut hukum Islam, persyaratan tersebut sifatnya sementara dan bertujuan untuk mencegah munculnya hal-hal yang tidak diinginkan sehingga bukan meupakan rukun nikah. Hukum Islam melihat kebijakan tersebut sebagai salah satu upaya untuk menjaga keselamatan jiwa.)

Optimal Scheduling of Proactive Service with Customer Deterioration and Improvement

Service systems are typically limited resource environments where scarce capacity is reserved for the most urgent customers. However, there has been a growing interest in the use of proactive service when a less urgent customer may become urgent while waiting. On one hand, providing service for customers when they are less urgent could mean that fewer resources are needed to fulfill their service requirement. On the other hand, using limited capacity for customers who may never need the service in the future takes the capacity away from other more urgent customers who need it now. To understand this tension, we propose a multiserver queueing model with two customer classes: moderate and urgent. We allow customers to transition classes while waiting. In this setting, we characterize how moderate and urgent customers should be prioritized for service when proactive service for moderate customers is an option. We identify an index, the modified [Formula: see text]-index, which plays an important role in determining the optimal scheduling policy. This index lends itself to an intuitive interpretation of how to balance holding costs, service times, abandonments, and transitions between customer classes. This paper was accepted by David Simchi-Levi, stochastic models and simulation.

When Service Times Depend on Customers’ Delays: A Relationship Between Two Models of Dependence

When Service Times Depend on Customers’ Delays: A Relationship Between Two Models of Dependence Service times of customers often depend on the delay they experience in queue, as was recently demonstrated empirically in restaurants, call centers, and intensive care units. Two forms of dependence mechanisms in service systems with customer abandonment are studied in this paper: First, the service requirement of a customer may evolve while waiting in queue. Second, customers may arrive to the system with an exogenous service and patience time that are stochastically dependent. Because either dependence mechanism can have significant impacts on a system's performance, it should be identified and taken into consideration for performance evaluation and decision-making purposes. However, identifying the source of dependence from observed data is hard because both the service times and patience times are censored due to customer abandonment. Further, even if the dependence is known to be the latter exogenous one, there remains the difficult task of fitting a joint service-patience times distribution to the censored data. In “When Service Times Depend on Customers’ Delays: A Relationship Between Two Models of Dependence”, Wu, Bassamboo, and Perry provide a solution to address these statistical challenges.

Edge Content Caching with Deep Spatiotemporal Residual Network for IoV in Smart City

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) enables numerous in-vehicle applications for smart cities, driving increasing service demands for processing various contents (e.g., videos). Generally, for efficient service delivery, the contents from the service providers are processed on the edge servers (ESs), as edge computing offers vehicular applications low-latency services. However, due to the reusability of the same contents required by different distributed vehicular users, processing the copies of the same contents repeatedly in an edge server leads to a waste of resources (e.g., storage, computation, and bandwidth) in ESs. Therefore, it is a challenge to provide high-quality services while guaranteeing the resource efficiency with edge content caching. To address the challenge, an edge content caching method for smart cities with service requirement prediction, named E-Cache, is proposed. First, the future service requirements from the vehicles are predicted based on the deep spatiotemporal residual network (ST-ResNet). Then, preliminary content caching schemes are elaborated based on the predicted service requirements, which are further adjusted by a many-objective optimization aiming at minimizing the execution time and the energy consumption of the vehicular services. Eventually, experimental evaluations prove the efficiency and effectiveness of E-Cache with spatiotemporal traffic trajectory big data.

Supply Chain Coordination with a Risk-Averse Retailer and the Call Option Contract in the Presence of a Service Requirement

This paper investigates a supply chain consisting of a single risk-neutral supplier and a single risk-averse retailer with the call option contract and a service requirement, where the retailer’s objective is to maximize the Conditional Value-at-Risk about profit. The optimal ordering quantity of the retailer and the optimal production quantity of the supplier are derived with the call option contract in the presence of a service requirement. Furthermore, by investigating the effect of the service level and the risk aversion on the supply chain, it is found that the retailer’s optimal Conditional Value-at-Risk is non-increasing in the service requirement and increasing in the risk aversion, while the supplier’s optimal expected profit is non-decreasing in the service and decreasing in the risk aversion. In addition, this paper demonstrates the impact of contract parameters on the service-constrained supply chain, and finds that the retailer’s optimal Conditional Value-at-Risk may be increasing, constant or decreasing in unit exercise price. Finally, with the call option contract, a distribution-free coordination condition is derived to achieve the Pareto improvement under Conditional Value-at-Risk criterion in the presence of a service requirement.

Automatic Voice Query Service for Multi-Accented Mandarin Speech

Automatic Voice Query Service can extremely reduce the artificial cost, which could improve the response efficiency for users. The automatic speech recognition (ASR) is one of the important component in AVQS. However, many dialect areas in China make the AVQS have to response the multi-accented Mandarin users by single acoustic model in ASR. This problem severely limits the accuracy of ASR for multi-accented speech in the AVQS. In this paper, a new framework for AVQS is proposed to improve the accuracy of response. Firstly, the fusion feature including iVector and filterbank acoustic features is used to train the Transformer-CTC model. Secondly, the transformer-CTC model is used to construct the end-to-end ASR. Finally, key words matching algorithm for AVQS based on fuzzy mathematic theory is proposed to further improve the accuracy of response. The results show that the final accuracy in our proposed framework for AVQS arrives at 91.5%. The proposed framework for AVQS can satisfy the service requirement of different areas in mainland of China. This research has a great significance for exploring the application value of artificial intelligence in the real scene.

Big Jobs Arrive Early: From Critical Queues to Random Graphs

We consider a queue to which only a finite pool of n customers can arrive, at times depending on their service requirement. A customer with stochastic service requirement S arrives to the queue after an exponentially distributed time with mean S-α for some [Formula: see text]; therefore, larger service requirements trigger customers to join earlier. This finite-pool queue interpolates between two previously studied cases: α = 0 gives the so-called [Formula: see text] queue and α = 1 is closely related to the exploration process for inhomogeneous random graphs. We consider the asymptotic regime in which the pool size n grows to infinity and establish that the scaled queue-length process converges to a diffusion process with a negative quadratic drift. We leverage this asymptotic result to characterize the head start that is needed to create a long period of activity. We also describe how this first busy period of the queue gives rise to a critically connected random forest.

Maintainability Procedure in Component-Based Software

Changes in service requirement of software demands consequent changes in its maintainability. An important aspect of changes is that it affects various factors in Component Based Software Engineering which is reuse-based approach to define, implement, and integrate different components into system. Variety of Component-based software frameworks for distributed, real-time and embedded systems in Component-oriented programming are existing for specific domains in order to deal with different requirements. Functionalities under component based system affecting multiple factors in a distributed environment. It is therefore more than necessary to consider various quality attributes like reliability, maintainability, interpretability and reusability for determining quality assurance. The article presents an approach to enhance the promptness of system maintainability in case of changes in component based software.