scholarly journals Uprooted by tsunami: A social vulnerability framework on long-term reconstruction after the great East Japan earthquake

2021 ◽  
pp. 102725
Author(s):  
Thiri May Aye
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Vulnerability Framework

scholarly journals Disaster Preparedness Among Older Japanese Adults With Long-Term Care Needs and Their Family Caregivers

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko Wakui ◽  
Emily M. Agree ◽  
Tami Saito ◽  
Ichiro Kai
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Family Caregivers ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Community Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Term Care

AbstractObjectiveIn the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, as in Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in the United States, older individuals were at the greatest risk of mortality. Much concern has been raised about developing plans to reduce these risks, but little information has been provided about preparedness, and the key role played by caregivers has been largely unexplored. The aims of this study were thus to examine the preparedness of family caregivers of older adults with long-term care needs and to identify the characteristics of older adults and their caregivers that are associated with poor preparedness and greater concern about disasters.MethodsShortly after the Great East Japan Earthquake, the second wave of the Fukui Longitudinal Caregiver Study was administered to the family caregivers of older Japanese individuals with long-term care needs. The sample included 952 caregivers from 17 municipalities in Fukui prefecture. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with self-assessed preparedness, evacuation planning, and caregivers’ concerns about preparedness.ResultsThe majority (75%) of the caregivers had no concrete plans for evacuation in an emergency, and those caring for persons with dementia were 36% less likely to have any plan. In multivariate models, caregivers who were more experienced and wealthier and who reported more family and community support were more likely to feel well prepared. Caregivers with poor health or limited financial resources or who were responsible for older persons with mobility difficulties reported higher levels of anxiety about their disaster preparedness.ConclusionsThis study indicates that most caregivers are ill prepared to respond in emergencies and that caregiver resources, community support, and the needs of older care recipients influence both preparedness and concern about disasters. Education for caregivers and the development of community support programs could provide important sources of assistance to this vulnerable group. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:31–38)

Processes of vulnerability in England? Place, poverty and susceptibility

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 586-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Lewis ◽  
Sarah A.V. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Disaster Impacts ◽  
Food Nutrition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to emphasise how vulnerability is not only “place-based” and to explore by example how vulnerability to hazards in England may comprise additional economic, social and psychological contributors to poverty. The mutuality of poverty and vulnerability is demonstrated, as are examples of susceptibility of the vulnerable to stigmatic disregard and cruelty. Design/methodology/approach – “Place-based” vulnerability is exemplified by coastal vulnerabilities and causes of their increase. Poverty and its causes are explained, followed by examples of possible contributors, indicators and consequences in incomes, living costs and debt; housing welfare and homelessness; food, nutrition, health and mental ill-health. Susceptibility to stigmatic behaviours exacerbate personal vulnerabilities. Findings – Dynamics of mutual inter-relationships between poverty and vulnerability are demonstrated. Behavioural responses to either condition by individuals and by society at large, to which those who are vulnerable or in poverty are susceptible, are described in the present and from history. Research limitations/implications – Findings form a “theoretical reality” upon which some measures may follow. An additional need is identified for long-term social field research to follow adults’ and childrens’ experiences, and consequences of poverty in vulnerable situations. Practical implications – Vulnerability accrues irrevocably between disasters, the results of which may be exposed by disaster impacts. Social implications – Recognition of linkages between economic and social vulnerability and disasters is essential for subsequent action to reduce the impact of disasters upon society. Originality/value – Though vulnerability has been explored for many years, the dynamics of its contributing processes require further explanation before their wider comprehension is achieved.

Long‐term changes in a kelp bed of Eisenia bicyclis (Kjellman) Setchell due to subsidence caused by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake in Shizugawa Bay, Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiko Sakanishi ◽  
Akira Kurashima ◽  
Akihiro Dazai ◽  
Takuzo Abe ◽  
Masakazu Aoki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Eisenia Bicyclis ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Kelp Bed

Financial Preparedness for Emergencies: Age Patterns and Multilevel Vulnerabilities

2021 ◽  
pp. 016402752110344
Author(s):  
Zhen Cong ◽  
Guanggang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Life Course Perspective ◽  
Social Vulnerability Index ◽  
The Social ◽  
Age Patterns ◽  
Vulnerability Framework ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Matched Data

Guided mainly by the social vulnerability perspective and life course perspective, this study examined age patterns of financial preparedness for emergencies and how they were contextualized by vulnerabilities at the individual and community levels. We matched data from the Federal Emergency Management Agency 2018 National Household Survey and 15 indicators of the Social Vulnerability Index at the county level. Two-level logistic regressions were conducted with the working sample, which included 4,623 respondents from 958 counties. The results showed that adults aged 18 to 44 were more likely than those aged 65 to 74 to set aside money for emergencies among Hispanics, those with minor children in the household, and in communities with higher levels of poverty, higher percentages of minorities, and higher percentages of no vehicles, but less likely to do so among the White and those with insurance. The findings were discussed within a multilevel layered vulnerability framework.

Vulnerability Assessment during Mass Evacuation: Integrated Microsimulation-Based Evacuation Modeling Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (10) ◽  
pp. 225-238
Author(s):  
MD Jahedul Alam ◽  
Muhammad Ahsanul Habib
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerability Assessment ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Social Vulnerability ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Systems Model

This study develops an integrated microsimulation-based evacuation model that performs a vulnerability assessment of the Halifax Peninsula, Canada during an evacuation. The proposed framework of vulnerability assessment accounts for long-term changes in neighborhood composition in relation to socio-demographic characteristics, residential locations, and vehicle ownership. The results of a large-scale urban systems model and a flood risk model are used to inform the vulnerability assessment. The urban systems model encapsulates long-term household decisions and life stage transitions in measuring social vulnerability. The flood risk model provides information on flood severity and finer network disruptions. In addition, a dynamic traffic assignment-based microsimulation model is developed to assess mobility vulnerability during an evacuation. One of the key contributions of this study is that it utilizes a Bayesian Belief Network modeling approach for vulnerability assessment, while addressing uncertainty and causal relationships between different elements of vulnerability. The results suggest that the Peninsula zones are at a relatively higher risk from a mobility point of view. A sensitivity analysis reveals that clearance time has been found to be the key determinant of the mobility vulnerability during an evacuation. “Presence of female” and “presence of seniors” are found as the two most significant contributors of social vulnerability. Several peripheral zones are at a higher risk because of their proximity to the flood source. The proposed research will help emergency professionals and engineers to develop effective evacuation plans in relation to vulnerable areas.

All-Cause Mortality After the Great East Japan Earthquake in Fukushima Prefecture: Trends From 2009 to 2016 and Variation by Displacement

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Satoshi Tsuboi ◽  
Tomosa Mine ◽  
Satoshi Kanke ◽  
Tetsuya Ohira
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Fukushima Prefecture ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Local Health Care

ABSTRACT Objectives: On March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9 earthquake (the Great East Japan Earthquake) occurred off the east coast of Japan. After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accidents, as of 2016, people were not allowed to live in the 6 districts (Tomioka, Okuma, Futaba, Namie, Katsurao, Iidate) in Fukushima Prefecture. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the long-term effects of displacement on all-cause mortality in Fukushima Prefecture. Methods: Data regarding population and deaths from 2009 to 2016 in Fukushima Prefecture were obtained from the governmental statistics. The age-adjusted all-cause mortality were compared among the 4 areas in Fukushima Prefecture; the Eastern, Middle, Western, and Displacement areas. Results: The age-adjusted all-cause mortality rates in the Eastern and Displacement areas were higher than in the other 2 areas from 2009 to 2011. During the period from 2012 to 2016, all-cause mortality in the Displacement area decreased to the lowest, while the morality in the Eastern area remained the highest. Conclusions: Against all expectations, after the earthquake, all-cause mortality in the Displacement area was continuously lower than in the rest of the Fukushima Prefecture. Following disasters, long-term monitoring should be organized to meet local health-care needs.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Cerebrovascular Diseases Decreased after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Shinichi Omama ◽  
Nobukazu Komoribayashi ◽  
Yoshihiro Inoue ◽  
Tomohiko Mase ◽  
Kuniaki Ogasawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Damage ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Great East Japan Earthquake ◽  
Temporary Increase ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Stroke Registry ◽  
Adjusted Incidence ◽  
Iwate Prefecture

<b><i>Background:</i></b> A temporary increase in the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami of 2011 was reported; however, no studies have been conducted to investigate long-term effects. We assessed the long-term impact of the disaster on the incidence of CVDs. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Incidence data for CVDs from 2008 to 2017 were acquired from the population-based Stroke Registry with an inventory survey of Iwate Prefecture, Japan. Part of the coastal area in Iwate Prefecture was mildly flooded and the other part was severely flooded. Age-adjusted incidence rates of CVDs (according to the Japanese standard population) were calculated for each area. The relative risk (RR) of incidence based on the years before the disaster (2008–2010), adjusted by stratified age groups, was calculated for the year of the disaster (2011), and the years after the disaster (2012–2017) in each area. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The age-adjusted incidence rates gradually decreased in all areas, with the exception of a temporary increase among men who lived on the coast the year the disaster occurred. The adjusted RR in the disaster year were not significant in any area and those of the postdisaster years were 0.91 (95% CI 0.87–0.96) for all inland men, 0.93 (0.89–0.97) for all inland women, 0.85 (0.78–0.93) for all coastal men, 0.87 (0.81–0.94) for all coastal women, 0.88 (0.80–0.98) for men at mildly flooded coast, 0.82 (0.75–0.89) for women at mildly flooded coast, 0.79 (0.68–0.91) for men at severely flooded coast, and 0.98 (0.86–1.11) for women at severely flooded coast. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The occurrence of CVDs in the flooded coastal areas did not increase in the year of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami; furthermore, it decreased for men according to the severity of flood damage in the subsequent years; this can be attributed to supportive activities for the tsunami victims and the migration of the population.

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