scholarly journals Reply to a comment on meta-analysis on facemask use in community settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
Karima Chaabna ◽  
Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy ◽  
Ravinder Mamtani ◽  
Sohaila Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Settings

Exercise in the Treatment of Claudication: Assessment and Treatment of Functional Impairment

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith G Regensteiner
Keyword(s):  
Functional Status ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Walking Time ◽  
Efficacy Studies

Claudication is an important cause of impaired exercise capacity, which limits a patient's ability to walk and thus to meet the personal, social and occupational demands of daily life. Given that improvement of the walking impairment is the primary goal of treating claudication, exercise performance and functional status of patients with claudication should be measured before and after any intervention. Assessment of functional status in both the laboratory and community settings is important so that the various treatments can be judged as to relative efficacy. Studies have shown that exercise training programs have a clinically important impact on functional capacity in persons with claudication. A meta-analysis showed that pain-free walking time increased 180% and maximal walking time increased 120% in claudicants who participated in an exercise program. Substantial improvements have been found in walking speeds and distances (65% and 44%, respectively), caloric expenditure (31%) and physical functioning (67%).

Rudolf the Haitian Reindeer and Other Heroes: Helping Children Perform Change

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Rambo ◽  
Nathalie Bello ◽  
Maud Pasquet
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
School Officials

A meta analysis of studies concerning youth violence suggests that when children see themselves and are seen by surrounding adults as positive, prosocial leaders, they are less likely to become involved in bullying either as bullies or as victims (1). MFT’s have recently been encouraged to work more directly with children (2) and to adapt their service delivery methods to the needs of clients (3). The authors worked directly with 122 children in their community settings, involving parents and school officials as an encouraging audience (4) to the children’s new views of themselves. 90% of preteen girls (ages 9 to 11), and 100% of young teens of both genders (ages 12 to 14) saw themselves as more positive leaders after our 8 week program; 89% of their parents and 90% of school officials independently saw positive changes.

scholarly journals The effect of umbilical cord cleansing with chlorhexidine on omphalitis and neonatal mortality in community settings in developing countries: a meta-analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. S15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamer Imdad ◽  
Luke C Mullany ◽  
Abdullah H Baqui ◽  
Shams El Arifeen ◽  
James M Tielsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Settings

scholarly journals Global distribution of sporadic sapovirus infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255436
Author(s):  
Marta Diez Valcarce ◽  
Anita K. Kambhampati ◽  
Laura E. Calderwood ◽  
Aron J. Hall ◽  
Sara A. Mirza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Common Causes

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE), characterized by diarrhea and vomiting, is an important cause of global mortality, accounting for 9% of all deaths in children under five years of age. Since the reduction of rotavirus in countries that have included rotavirus vaccines in their national immunization programs, other viruses such as norovirus and sapovirus have emerged as more common causes of AGE. Due to widespread use of real-time RT-PCR testing, sapovirus has been increasingly reported as the etiologic agent in both AGE outbreaks and sporadic AGE cases. We aimed to assess the role of sapovirus as a cause of endemic AGE worldwide by conducting a systematic review of published studies that used molecular diagnostics to assess the prevalence of sapovirus among individuals with AGE symptoms. Of 106 articles included, the pooled sapovirus prevalence was 3.4%, with highest prevalence among children <5 years of age (4.4%) and among individuals in community settings (7.1%). Compared to studies that used conventional RT-PCR, RT-qPCR assays had a higher pooled prevalence (5.6%). Among individuals without AGE symptoms, the pooled sapovirus prevalence was 2.7%. These results highlight the relative contribution of sapovirus to cases of AGE, especially in community settings and among children <5 years of age.

scholarly journals A rapid review and meta-analysis of the asymptomatic proportion of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in community settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Beale ◽  
Andrew Hayward ◽  
Laura Shallcross ◽  
Robert W. Aldridge ◽  
Ellen Fragaszy
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptom Monitoring ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Symptom Status

Background: Cross-sectional studies indicate that up to 80% of active SARS-CoV-2 infections may be asymptomatic. However, accurate estimates of the asymptomatic proportion require systematic detection and follow-up to differentiate between truly asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases. We conducted a rapid review and meta-analysis of the asymptomatic proportion of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections based on methodologically appropriate studies in community settings. Methods: We searched Medline and EMBASE for peer-reviewed articles, and BioRxiv and MedRxiv for pre-prints published before 25/08/2020. We included studies based in community settings that involved systematic PCR testing on participants and follow-up symptom monitoring regardless of symptom status. We extracted data on study characteristics, frequencies of PCR-confirmed infections by symptom status, and (if available) cycle threshold/genome copy number values and/or duration of viral shedding by symptom status, and age of asymptomatic versus (pre)symptomatic cases. We computed estimates of the asymptomatic proportion and 95% confidence intervals for each study and overall using random effect meta-analysis.  Results: We screened 1138 studies and included 21. The pooled asymptomatic proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections was 23% (95% CI 16%-30%). When stratified by testing context, the asymptomatic proportion ranged from 6% (95% CI 0-17%) for household contacts to 47% (95% CI 21-75%) for non-outbreak point prevalence surveys with follow-up symptom monitoring. Estimates of viral load and duration of viral shedding appeared to be similar for asymptomatic and symptomatic cases based on available data, though detailed reporting of viral load and natural history of viral shedding by symptom status were limited. Evidence into the relationship between age and symptom status was inconclusive. Conclusion: Asymptomatic viral shedding comprises a substantial minority of SARS-CoV-2 infections when estimated using methodologically appropriate studies. Further investigation into variation in the asymptomatic proportion by testing context, the degree and duration of infectiousness for asymptomatic infections, and demographic predictors of symptom status are warranted.

The Prevalence of Self-Reported Elder Abuse Among Older Women in Community Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongjie Yon ◽  
Christopher Mikton ◽  
Zachary D. Gassoumis ◽  
Kathleen H. Wilber
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
World Health ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Prevalence Studies ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Health Organization

The abuse of older women appears to be a significant problem. Developing a better understanding of the extent of the problem is an important step toward preventing it. We conducted a global systematic review and meta-analysis of existing prevalence studies, in multiple languages, that occurred in the community settings from inception to June 26, 2015, in order to determine the extent of abuse against women aged 60 years and over. To disentangle the wide variations in prevalence estimates, we also investigated the associations between prevalence estimates and studies’ demographic and methodological characteristics. A total of 50 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The combined prevalence for overall elder abuse in the past year was 14.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) [11.0, 18.0]). Pooled prevalence for psychological abuse was 11.8% (95% CI [9.2%, 14.9%]), neglect was 4.1% (95% CI [2.7%, 6.3%]), financial abuse was 3.8% (95% CI [2.5%, 5.5%]), sexual abuse was 2.2% (95% CI [1.6%, 3.0%]), and physical abuse was 1.9% (95% CI [1.2%, 3.1%]). The studies included in the meta-analysis for overall abuse were heterogeneous indicating that significant differences among the prevalence estimates exist. Significant associations were found between prevalence estimates and the following covariates: World Health Organization–defined regions, countries’ income classification, and sample size. Together, these covariates explained 37% of the variance. Although robust prevalence studies are sparse in low- and middle-income countries, about 1 in 6, or 68 million older women experience abuse worldwide. More work is needed to understand the variation in prevalence rates and implications for prevention.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document