Rudolf the Haitian Reindeer and Other Heroes: Helping Children Perform Change

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Rambo ◽  
Nathalie Bello ◽  
Maud Pasquet
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Youth Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
School Officials

A meta analysis of studies concerning youth violence suggests that when children see themselves and are seen by surrounding adults as positive, prosocial leaders, they are less likely to become involved in bullying either as bullies or as victims (1). MFT’s have recently been encouraged to work more directly with children (2) and to adapt their service delivery methods to the needs of clients (3). The authors worked directly with 122 children in their community settings, involving parents and school officials as an encouraging audience (4) to the children’s new views of themselves. 90% of preteen girls (ages 9 to 11), and 100% of young teens of both genders (ages 12 to 14) saw themselves as more positive leaders after our 8 week program; 89% of their parents and 90% of school officials independently saw positive changes.

Exercise in the Treatment of Claudication: Assessment and Treatment of Functional Impairment

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith G Regensteiner
Keyword(s):  
Functional Status ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Walking Speeds ◽  
Walking Time ◽  
Efficacy Studies

Claudication is an important cause of impaired exercise capacity, which limits a patient's ability to walk and thus to meet the personal, social and occupational demands of daily life. Given that improvement of the walking impairment is the primary goal of treating claudication, exercise performance and functional status of patients with claudication should be measured before and after any intervention. Assessment of functional status in both the laboratory and community settings is important so that the various treatments can be judged as to relative efficacy. Studies have shown that exercise training programs have a clinically important impact on functional capacity in persons with claudication. A meta-analysis showed that pain-free walking time increased 180% and maximal walking time increased 120% in claudicants who participated in an exercise program. Substantial improvements have been found in walking speeds and distances (65% and 44%, respectively), caloric expenditure (31%) and physical functioning (67%).

scholarly journals Reply to a comment on meta-analysis on facemask use in community settings

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 162-163
Author(s):  
Karima Chaabna ◽  
Sathyanarayanan Doraiswamy ◽  
Ravinder Mamtani ◽  
Sohaila Cheema
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Settings

scholarly journals The effect of umbilical cord cleansing with chlorhexidine on omphalitis and neonatal mortality in community settings in developing countries: a meta-analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. S15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aamer Imdad ◽  
Luke C Mullany ◽  
Abdullah H Baqui ◽  
Shams El Arifeen ◽  
James M Tielsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Community Settings

scholarly journals Effectiveness and safety of early combined utilization of budesonide and surfactant by airway for Bronchopulmonary dysplasia prevention in premature infants with RDS: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Tang ◽  
Dongmei Shi ◽  
Tao Ai ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yijie Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Assisted Ventilation ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
China National Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Hospital Stays

Objective: To address the effectiveness and safety of early airway utilization of budesonide and surfactant for BPD prevention in premature infants with RDS. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Wanfang, CQ VIP and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were searched from the inception to May 2021. Stata 16.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: This meta-analysis suggested that early combined utilization of budesonide and surfactant by airway tended to have a superiority on BPD incidence (RR=0.63;95%CI:0.54～0.73, P<0.001), mortality (RR=0.63;95%CI:0.43～0.94, P=0.022) and the composite outcome of BPD or mortality (RR=0.59;95%CI:0.49～0.70, P<0.001), the reuse incidence of surfactant (RR=0.54; 95%CI:0.45～0.65, P<0.001), the duration of assisted ventilation (SMD=-1.14;95%CI: -1.58 ～ -0.70, P<0.001), invasive ventilation (SMD=-1.33;95%CI: -1.76～-0.90, P<0.001), and hospital stays (SMD=-1.20;95%CI: -1.88～-0.51, P=0.001) in preterm infants with RDS. And these benefits were not associated with increased adverse outcomes. Furthermore, a decreased incidence of PDA (RR=0.80; 95%CI:0.64～0.99, P=0.041) was found in test group. Subgroup analysis based on budesonide delivery methods (inhalation or intratracheal instillation) indicated that the decrease of mortality (RR=0.62;95%CI:0.41～0.95, P=0.026), duration of assisted ventilation (SMD=-0.95;95%CI: -1.30～-0.61, P<0.001) and hospital stays (SMD=-1.38;95%CI: -2.33～-0.43, P=0.004) were mainly in budesonide intratracheal instillation subgroup. Conclusions: This meta-analysis suggested that early combined utilization of budesonide and surfactant by airway might be an effective and safe clinical practice for BPD prevention in premature infants with RDS, especially when budesonide was delivered by intratracheal instillation.

scholarly journals Global distribution of sporadic sapovirus infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0255436
Author(s):  
Marta Diez Valcarce ◽  
Anita K. Kambhampati ◽  
Laura E. Calderwood ◽  
Aron J. Hall ◽  
Sara A. Mirza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Common Causes

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE), characterized by diarrhea and vomiting, is an important cause of global mortality, accounting for 9% of all deaths in children under five years of age. Since the reduction of rotavirus in countries that have included rotavirus vaccines in their national immunization programs, other viruses such as norovirus and sapovirus have emerged as more common causes of AGE. Due to widespread use of real-time RT-PCR testing, sapovirus has been increasingly reported as the etiologic agent in both AGE outbreaks and sporadic AGE cases. We aimed to assess the role of sapovirus as a cause of endemic AGE worldwide by conducting a systematic review of published studies that used molecular diagnostics to assess the prevalence of sapovirus among individuals with AGE symptoms. Of 106 articles included, the pooled sapovirus prevalence was 3.4%, with highest prevalence among children <5 years of age (4.4%) and among individuals in community settings (7.1%). Compared to studies that used conventional RT-PCR, RT-qPCR assays had a higher pooled prevalence (5.6%). Among individuals without AGE symptoms, the pooled sapovirus prevalence was 2.7%. These results highlight the relative contribution of sapovirus to cases of AGE, especially in community settings and among children <5 years of age.

scholarly journals A rapid review and meta-analysis of the asymptomatic proportion of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections in community settings

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Beale ◽  
Andrew Hayward ◽  
Laura Shallcross ◽  
Robert W. Aldridge ◽  
Ellen Fragaszy
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Symptom Monitoring ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Symptom Status

Background: Cross-sectional studies indicate that up to 80% of active SARS-CoV-2 infections may be asymptomatic. However, accurate estimates of the asymptomatic proportion require systematic detection and follow-up to differentiate between truly asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic cases. We conducted a rapid review and meta-analysis of the asymptomatic proportion of PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections based on methodologically appropriate studies in community settings. Methods: We searched Medline and EMBASE for peer-reviewed articles, and BioRxiv and MedRxiv for pre-prints published before 25/08/2020. We included studies based in community settings that involved systematic PCR testing on participants and follow-up symptom monitoring regardless of symptom status. We extracted data on study characteristics, frequencies of PCR-confirmed infections by symptom status, and (if available) cycle threshold/genome copy number values and/or duration of viral shedding by symptom status, and age of asymptomatic versus (pre)symptomatic cases. We computed estimates of the asymptomatic proportion and 95% confidence intervals for each study and overall using random effect meta-analysis.  Results: We screened 1138 studies and included 21. The pooled asymptomatic proportion of SARS-CoV-2 infections was 23% (95% CI 16%-30%). When stratified by testing context, the asymptomatic proportion ranged from 6% (95% CI 0-17%) for household contacts to 47% (95% CI 21-75%) for non-outbreak point prevalence surveys with follow-up symptom monitoring. Estimates of viral load and duration of viral shedding appeared to be similar for asymptomatic and symptomatic cases based on available data, though detailed reporting of viral load and natural history of viral shedding by symptom status were limited. Evidence into the relationship between age and symptom status was inconclusive. Conclusion: Asymptomatic viral shedding comprises a substantial minority of SARS-CoV-2 infections when estimated using methodologically appropriate studies. Further investigation into variation in the asymptomatic proportion by testing context, the degree and duration of infectiousness for asymptomatic infections, and demographic predictors of symptom status are warranted.

scholarly journals Correlates of youth violence in low- and middle-income countries: A meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 101306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Sánchez de Ribera ◽  
Nicolás Trajtenberg ◽  
Yulia Shenderovich ◽  
Joseph Murray
Keyword(s):  
Youth Violence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Communication Strategies Between Occupational Hearing Conservationists and Spanish-Speaking Workers

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Wakefield ◽  
Deanna K. Meinke
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Loss Prevention ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Perceived Ability ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Program Components

This survey study investigated current hearing loss prevention practices among 300 certified occupational hearing conservationists (OHCs) with regard to service delivery to Spanish-speaking workers. OHCs responded to a written survey designed to investigate the current service delivery methods and strategies used by OHCs when providing services to Spanish-speaking workers specific to the audiometric testing, hearing protection, and training program components of hearing loss prevention programs (HLPPs). Data analyses outcomes indicated that there is a statistically significant relationship between certified OHCs' perceived proficiency in Spanish (ability to speak, understand, and/or read/write Spanish) and their perceived ability to communicate (effectively exchange information), their competence level (possessing the requisite knowledge and skills), and their confidence (self-perceived ability) when providing HLPP services to workers who primarily speak Spanish. There is a significant difference between the services provided to Spanish-speaking workers by Spanish-speaking and non-Spanish-speaking OHCs. Consequently, Spanish-speaking workers may not be receiving care comparable to their English-speaking coworkers. Implications from this study suggest the need for expanded training of certified OHCs relative to multicultural/linguistic issues and additional language-relevant hearing loss prevention resources to effectively provide HLPP services to this growing minority population.

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