Relevance of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection to carcinogenesis of oral tongue cancer

Although patients with early-stage oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) show better survival than those with advanced disease, there is still a number of early-stage cases who will suffer from recurrence, cancer-related mortality and worse overall survival. Incorporation of an immune descriptive factor in the staging system can aid in improving risk assessment of early OTSCC. A total of 290 cases of early-stage OTSCC re-classified according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC 8) staging were included in this study. Scores of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were divided as low or high and incorporated in TNM AJCC 8 to form our proposed TNM-Immune system. Using AJCC 8, there were no significant differences in survival between T1 and T2 tumors (p > 0.05). Our proposed TNM-Immune staging system allowed for significant discrimination in risk between tumors of T1N0M0-Immune vs. T2N0M0-Immune. The latter associated with a worse overall survival with hazard ratio (HR) of 2.87 (95% CI 1.92–4.28; p < 0.001); HR of 2.41 (95% CI 1.26–4.60; p = 0.008) for disease-specific survival; and HR of 1.97 (95% CI 1.13–3.43; p = 0.017) for disease-free survival. The TNM-Immune staging system showed a powerful ability to identify cases with worse survival. The immune response is an important player which can be assessed by evaluating TILs, and it can be implemented in the staging criteria of early OTSCC. TNM-Immune staging forms a step towards a more personalized classification of early OTSCC.

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Awareness and Knowledge about Human Papilloma Virus Infection among Students at Secondary Occupational Health School in China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6321

Author(s):

Xin Wang ◽

Taifeng Du ◽

Xiaoling Shi ◽

Kusheng Wu

Keyword(s):

Occupational Health ◽

Human Papilloma Virus ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Human Papilloma Virus Infection ◽

First Grade ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Causal Link ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Papilloma Virus

Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. CC is mainly caused by human papilloma virus (HPV), which can be prevented by vaccination. We conducted a cross-sectional study in secondary occupational health school (SOHS) through a questionnaire aimed to assess the awareness and knowledge regarding HPV infection of students. A total of 2248 students participated in the survey, 45.3% of them had heard about CC, while only 21.9% of them had heard about HPV; and 74.2% had no idea of the causal link between HPV infection and CC. Most participants displayed poor awareness and knowledge about HPV infection. The results suggested that age, grade, major, academic performance, etc. were correlated with higher awareness of CC, HPV and HPV infection (p < 0.05). In multivariable logistic analysis, third-grade students had the most increased awareness of CC (OR = 17.13, 95%CI: [8.11, 36.15]), HPV (OR = 6.59, 95%CI: [4.16, 10.43]) and HPV vaccine (OR = 2.78, 95%CI: [1.78, 4.32]) when compared to first-grade. Awareness and knowledge regarding HPV infection were insufficient among students in SOHS. As the future healthcare providers, these results highlight the need to supplement targeted education to improve their awareness and knowledge of HPV and vaccination.

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