scholarly journals Molecular analyses of human rabies virus associated with encephalitis in two children in Gabon

IJID Regions ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine N'Dilimabaka ◽  
Danielle Koumba Mavoungou ◽  
Vladimir Soami ◽  
Linda Bohou Kombila ◽  
Rose Marlène Mouguiama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Molecular Analyses

Diagnosis, immunological and post-mortem findings in two cases of human rabies virus encephalitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 ◽  
pp. S5
Author(s):  
C. Geurtsvan Kessel ◽  
P. Koraka ◽  
P. Heukels ◽  
B. Goorhuis ◽  
J. Schinkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Virus Encephalitis ◽  
Post Mortem Findings

scholarly journals Recombinant Diabody-Based Immunocapture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Quantification of Rabies Virus Glycoprotein

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 1261-1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridevi V. Nimmagadda ◽  
Shukra M. Aavula ◽  
Neelakantam Biradhar ◽  
Varaprasada Sankarasetty Rao ◽  
Rajalakshmi Shanmugham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Human Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Nitrilotriacetic Acid ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Rabies Virus Glycoprotein ◽  
Virus Glycoprotein ◽  
Overlap Extension

ABSTRACT The potency of rabies vaccines, determined using the NIH mouse protection test, can be directly correlated to the amount of rabies virus glycoprotein (RV GP) present in the vaccine. In an effort to develop a simple and sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using recombinant diabody for quantification of RV GP, the variable heavy (VH) and light chain (VL) domains of an RV GP-specific human monoclonal antibody (MAb) secreted by a human × mouse heterohybridoma (human MAb R16E5) was amplified, linked using splicing by overlap extension PCR (SOE PCR), and expressed as a recombinant diabody (D06) in the pET28a bacterial expression system. The diabody D06 was purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography on a nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) agarose column and characterized. The purified diabody was used in combination with a well-characterized RV GP-specific mouse MAb, M5B4, to develop an immunocapture ELISA (IC-ELISA) for the quantification of RV GP in human rabies vaccine preparations. The maximum detection limit of the IC-ELISA using the M5B4-D06 combination was up to 31.25 ng/ml of RV GP. The specificity of the diabody was established by its nonreactivity toward other human viral antigens as determined by ELISA and toward RV GP as determined by immunoblot transfer assay and competitive ELISA with the parent human MAb R16E5 and MAb M5B4. The adjusted r 2 value obtained by the regression through the origin model was 0.902, and the equation for predicted potency values for M5B4-D06-based IC-ELISA and MAb M5B4 IC-ELISA were 0.5651x and 0.8044x, respectively, where x is the estimate of RV GP from the IC-ELISA in micrograms. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed the estimates of the two methods differed significantly (P < 0.001), while the predicted potencies by the two tests did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). The IC-ELISA can be readily adapted to measure the RV GP content in purified antigen, and a vaccine can be formulated based on the estimated GP.

scholarly journals Use of a molecular epidemiological database to track human rabies case histories in South Africa

2007 ◽  
Vol 136 (9) ◽  
pp. 1270-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. COETZEE ◽  
J. WEYER ◽  
J. T. PAWESKA ◽  
F. J. BURT ◽  
W. MARKOTTER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Eastern Cape ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Rabies Case ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
Epidemiological Database ◽  
Human Rabies Case

SUMMARYThe KwaZulu Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa have experienced a serious dog rabies epidemic over the past three decades. Towards a better understanding of this epidemic, we have previously analysed nucleotide sequences of 142 rabies virus specimens that were obtained from these regions during 2003–2004 and provided a molecular description of the geographical distribution of rabies viral variants in the affected provinces. Here, as an extension, we studied five human cases that occurred during 2002–2003 and demonstrated the use of the sequence database in tracking unknown human rabies case histories. We were able to identify the geographical origin of viruses responsible for each human infection and in one case obtained evidence that suggested a non-bite transmission of rabies virus from an infected dog to a child. We argue for the value of this information in surveillance and epidemiological study and in the follow-up and management of potential exposures.

scholarly journals In situ apoptosis of adaptive immune cells and the cellular escape of rabies virus in CNS from patients with human rabies transmitted by Desmodus rotundus

2011 ◽  
Vol 156 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Raniero Fernandes ◽  
Heitor Franco de Andrade ◽  
Carmen Lúcia Penteado Lancellotti ◽  
Juarez Antônio Simões Quaresma ◽  
Samia Demachki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Desmodus Rotundus ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells

scholarly journals Detection of Rabies Virus Antigen in Dog Saliva Using a Latex Agglutination Test

2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 3098-3099 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kasempimolporn ◽  
W. Saengseesom ◽  
B. Lumlertdacha ◽  
V. Sitprija
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Latex Particles

Dog bites are responsible for more than 90% of human rabies deaths in Asia. We developed a simple and inexpensive test based on latex agglutination (LA) for rabies virus antigen detection in dog saliva. Rabies virus antigen could be detected by agglutination on a glass slide using latex particles coated with gamma globulin. By evaluation of paired saliva-brain specimens from 238 dogs, the LA test using saliva was 99% specific and 95% sensitive compared to the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) on brain smears. The advantages of the LA test over the standard FAT are that it is comparatively simple and there is no need to kill the animal before examination.

scholarly journals Antigenic typing of brazilian rabies virus samples isolated from animals and humans, 1989-2000

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Regina FAVORETTO ◽  
Maria Luiza CARRIERI ◽  
Elenice Maria S. CUNHA ◽  
Elizabeth A.C. AGUIAR ◽  
Luzia Helena Q. SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Pasteur Institute ◽  
Tadarida Brasiliensis ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Desmodus Rotundus ◽  
Lasiurus Cinereus ◽  
Antibody Panel ◽  
Vampire Bat

Animal and human rabies samples isolated between 1989 and 2000 were typified by means of a monoclonal antibody panel against the viral nucleoprotein. The panel had been previously established to study the molecular epidemiology of rabies virus in the Americas. Samples were isolated in the Diagnostic Laboratory of the Pasteur Institute and in other rabies diagnostic centers in Brazil. In addition to the fixed virus samples CVS-31/96-IP, preserved in mouse brain, and PV-BHK/97, preserved in cell culture, a total of 330 rabies virus samples were isolated from dogs, cats, cattle, horses, bats, sheep, goat, swine, foxes, marmosets, coati and humans. Six antigenic variants that were compatible with the pre-established monoclonal antibodies panel were defined: numbers 2 (dog), 3 (Desmodus rotundus), 4 (Tadarida brasiliensis), 5 (vampire bat from Venezuela), 6 (Lasiurus cinereus) and Lab (reacted to all used antibodies). Six unknown profiles, not compatible with the panel, were also found. Samples isolated from insectivore bats showed the greatest variability and the most commonly isolated variant was variant-3 (Desmodus rotundus). These findings may be related to the existence of multiple independent transmission cycles, involving different bat species.

The importance of individual animal species in rabies virus transport in the Central federal district

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
S. L. Nesterchuk ◽  
◽  
E. A. Makarova ◽  
V. A. Ostapenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Raccoon Dog ◽  
Virus Transport ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Central Federal District

The Rabies – a viral disease characterized by severe damage of the nervous system. The analysis of data from the Rospotrebnadzor for 4 years (from 2015 to 2018) on the varmint of animals with rabies in four regions of the Central Federal District with different population densities is carried out. The main carriers of rabies virus in the region are the red fox, raccoon dog, stray dogs and cats; the role of other species is not so significant and rarely exceeds 1% of the total number of animals with suspected rabies. It has been established that in areas with a low population (Tver region) the role of a raccoon dog in rabies transfer can be even more significant than red foxes. To reduce the incidence of human rabies, constant monitoring and regulation of the numbers of foxes and raccoon dogs in the wild, as well as stray dogs and cats, is highly required. Consequently, we consider the current tendency to remove stray dogs from their habitats, their sterilization and return to urbocenosis insufficient; sterilized dogs will remain a source of rabies in populated locations.

scholarly journals Antigenic variants of rabies virus

1980 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Wiktor ◽  
H Koprowski
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Rabies Vaccine ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Parent Virus ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Antigenic Sites ◽  
Antigenic Relatedness ◽  
Glycoprotein Antigen ◽  
Selection Of

Antigenic variants of CVS-11 strain of rabies virus were selected after treatment of virus populations with monoclonal antibodies directed against the glycoprotein antigen of the virus. These variants resisted neutralization by the hybridoma antibody used for their selection. Two independently mutating antigenic sites could be distinguished when five variants were tested with nine hybridoma antibodies. The frequency of single epitope variants in a cloned rabies virus seed was approximately 1:10,000. Animals were not or only partially protected when challenged with the parent virus or with another variant, but were fully protected against challenge with the virus used for immunization. Variants were also detected among seven street viruses obtained from fatal cases of human rabies. Animals immunized with standard rabies vaccine were protected against challenge with some but not all street rabies variants. A comparative antigenic analysis between vaccine strain and challenge virus by means of monoclonal antiglycoprotein antibodies showed a slightly closer degree of antigenic relatedness between vaccine and challenge strain in the combinations where vaccination resulted in protection. It remains unknown, however, whether these apparently minor antigenic differences in the glycoproteins account for the varying degrees of protection. The results of this study clearly indicate that the selection of vaccine strains and the methods used to evaluate the potency of rabies vaccines need to be revised.

scholarly journals Human exposure to potential rabies virus transmitters in Olinda, State of Pernambuco, between 2002 and 2006

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Dantas-Torres ◽  
Edmilson Ferreira de Oliveira-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Nonhuman Primates ◽  
Prophylactic Treatment ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Multifaceted Approach ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the data on human exposure to potential rabies virus transmitters in Olinda, State of Pernambuco, Brazil. Data from 7,062 patients who underwent antirabies prophylactic treatment in Olinda between 2002 and 2006 were analyzed. As expected, dogs and cats were involved in most of the cases; i.e. 82.3 and 16.3%, respectively. Attacks by nonhuman primates, bats and other species (unspecified) were also reported. Among the 7,062 patients who underwent antirabies treatment, 582 patients abandoned the treatment, either by indication from the health unit (195) or by their own decision (387). In conclusion, this study has indicated that prophylaxis for human rabies in this urban area will require a multifaceted approach, including health education, post-exposure prophylaxis, systematic vaccination for dogs and cats, and possibly selective control over wild animals such as hematophagous bats.

Human rabies transmitted by vampire bats: Antigenic and genetic characterization of rabies virus isolates from the Amazon region (Brazil and Ecuador)

2010 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Galera Castilho ◽  
Pedro Carnieli ◽  
Ekaterina A. Durymanova ◽  
Willian de Oliveira Fahl ◽  
Rafael de Novaes Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Vampire Bats ◽  
Virus Isolates
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