Changes in Lifestyles and living Conditions of the Rural Population of the Russian Central Federal District as a Factor in the Dynamics of Human Capital

The article raises the issue of the dynamics of human capital of rural Russia of the Central Federal District with the example of the Yaroslavl area in conditions of depopulation and growth of return migration. On the basis of the results of the empirical research, using the methods of in-depth interviews and the search survey according to the structured questionnaire, the author examines the way of life and living conditions of the rural population from the perspective of the past, present and future. The article identifies key problems that are acutely felt and reflected by the inhabitants of the village: lack of jobs, opportunities for decent work in the countryside, poor roads and medical services, a low level of amenities and recreational activities. Also, based on the reasoning of the respondents, the author points out some positive aspects of life in rural areas: good ecology, availability and operation of kindergartens and schools, a relatively high level of development of digital technologies, a moderate, peaceful life. In conclusion, the author highlights the key factors influencing the lifestyle and quality of life of rural residents and concludes that, in the light of this situation, without State policy intervention in the development and preservation of human capital, Depopulation and atrophy of rural areas will continue.

Assessing the spillover effects of investment in transport infrastructure in the subjects of the Russian Federation

Subject. We consider economic relations and problems within the framework of spatial development of settlements and constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Objectives. We focus on the development of a methodology for assessing the spacial spillover effects of investments in transport infrastructure and their monetization, considering the network and spillover effects, socio-economic characteristics, geographical location, and the level of connectivity of territories. Methods. The study employs methods of economic, statistical analysis and synthesis, and comparison. The works of economists on the problems of transport accessibility, spatial development and the impact of transport infrastructure on the dynamics of economic growth serve as the theoretical basis of the study. Results. We tested the proposed methodological toolkit, presented the results of assessing the spillover effects of investments in transport infrastructure based on the materials of the Central Federal District according to data for 2020. We determined the secondary effects of infrastructure investments, assessed the size of ‘exports’, ‘imports’ and the real size of investments in transport infrastructure, considering the secondary effects for the subjects of the Central Federal District. Conclusions. The numerical estimates of the spillover effects of investments in transport infrastructure for the subjects of the Central Federal District obtained in the work can be used in practice, when planning the development of territories and assessing the socio-economic effects of regional and interregional transport projects.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE OF THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION INCLUDED IN THE CENTRAL FEDERAL DISTRICT

Целью данной статьи явился анализ основных объектов инновационных научно-технических инфраструктур региональных инновационных систем ЦФО. В рамках проведенного исследования был составлен перечень основных научно-технических региональных элементов инновационной инфраструктуры, были выявлены региональные различия дифференциации основных объектов инновационной инфраструктуры в трех группах субъектов Федерации, входящих в Центральный федеральный округ.

New data on distribution of Mycodrosophila poecilogastra (Loew, 1874) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Russia

The Transpalaearctic species Mycodrosophila poecilogastra is recorded for the first time from South Siberia and the Central Federal District of Russia. Consequently, a check-list of Drosophilidae of Tuva includes 30 species in eight genera and a list of Moscow City apparently consists of about 40 species.

Nutritional features of school children in the Siberian federal district

Introduction. The study of schoolchildren’s nutrition features in different regions of the Russian Federation is one of the important tasks to health promotion of children by developing regional practices for optimization the nutrition of schoolchildren.Objective. To study schoolchildren’s nutrition features in industrial cities of the Siberian federal district (Siberian FD).Materials and methods. Specialized questionnaire was developed in order to study the nutrition organization of schoolchildren in various regions of the Russian Federation. 323 parents (legal representatives) of children aged 7-18 years living in the biggest industrial cities of south-eastern Siberia (the cities of Angarsk and Irkutsk) took part in the survey, based on the questionnaire. The obtained data was compared to the result of studies conducted in the Central federal district (Central FD), that included 162 observations. The frequency method was used to analyze the food consumption.Results. The study established that consumption of milk, meat, cereals, potatoes, nuts, vegetables and fruits by children in the Siberian federal district was, all in all, significantly higher than in the Central federal district and in the Russian Federation in general. The nutrition of schoolchildren in the SFD is defined by a higher consumption of confectionery products, including chocolate, and such products as mayonnaise and margarine. It is noted that 75% of children in Angarsk and about 60% of children in Irkutsk regularly include chips and crackers in their diet and about 60% of children regularly consume fast food. At the same time, children living in Angarsk consume more food products with a high content of carbohydrates (cereals, potatoes, as well as added sugar in cookies, chocolates, sweet carbonated drinks), salt (in salted and dried fish), mayonnaise, and significantly less fermented dairy products and fresh fish compared to children in Irkutsk. Frozen products are more commonly consumed in the city of Angarsk than in Irkutsk. Physical development of children and its correlation with the variety of their diet was also assessed in the study. The assessment showed that children living in Angarsk have a significantly higher prevalence of obesity, which is a reflection of the irrational food diversity in their diets.Conclusions. The obtained data reflect the need of the introduction of educational programs on healthy nutrition among schoolchildren and their parents, taking into account the regional specifics of nutrition.

Quality of technological limestone quality as an important aspect of the efficiency of sugar beet factories

The authors studied 252 samples of limestone mined in 2014-2020 on the territory of 5 fields located in 2 regions of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. Limestone quality was assessed by the content of calcium carbonate and associated impurities. According to the results of the assessment, a number of deposits were formed in decreasing limestone quality. The highest quality was noted at the East-Bernikovskoe deposit (Tula region), containing on average 95.3% of calcium carbonate. Through the example of 10 beet sugar factories located in 5 regions of the Central Federal District, the influence of the quality of limestone on its consumption in sugar production was assessed. The authors studied the data on the consumption of limestone of the considered deposits at sugar beet factories, which was used in the period from 2014 to 2020. According to the results, a number of deposits were determined to increase the consumption of limestone in the production of sugar, which coincided with a number in terms of decreasing quality. A lower consumption of limestone was noted at beet sugar factories that used limestone from the East-Bernikovskoe (in average 3.81% during the studied period). Therefore, the choice of limestone of a certain deposit for the use in sugar production is a factor in enhancement of operating efficiency of beet sugar factories.

Migrants and crime in Russia's Central Federal District

The article deals with the issues of criminality of international migrants. Interest in this issue has increased due to the implementation of a range of restrictive measures related to the movement of persons in 2020 and 2021. Taking into account the uneven distribution of migration flows across the territory of the Russian Federation, attention is paid to studying the situation in the Central Federal District, which is the most attractive in migration relation. The data of the state statistical reporting for the period of ten years from 2011 to 2020 are analysed. Two main indicators are used – quantitative indicators for identified foreign citizens and stateless persons who have committed crimes, and their share in the total number of identified persons. The information on the subjects of the Central Federal District as a whole on crime, categories of crime and in the context of individual articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation has been studied. The attention is focused on the situation in Moscow. The indicators of court reports in Moscow on convicted foreign citizens were used. General tendencies of criminality of foreign citizens are noted, the degree of public danger is assessed. As one of the conclusions, it is indicated that this category of criminals makes a significant contribution to the criminal situation in the Central Federal District. In particular, in Moscow there is a high proportion of foreign citizens among those who have committed murder, deliberate infliction of grievous bodily harm, rape, theft, robbery, brigandage, and bribery in the period of ten years.

Scientific potential of the region as the basis of its innovative development

Subject. This article analyzes the level of development of regional scientific potential. Objectives. The article aims to develop a methodology for assessing the level of development of a region’s scientific potential and test it considering the Central Federal District as a case study. Methods. For the study, we used analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization. Results. The article offers a methodology for assessing the level of development of the region’s scientific potential and presents the values obtained on its basis for the regions of the Central Federal District. Conclusions. The proposed methodology can be extended and refined through applying the specific weights of the significance of each of its constituent elements.

Comparative analysis of the dynamics of obesity incidence rates in the Moscow Region population

Introduction. One of the mechanisms for implementing the state policy targets in achieving wellbeing, improving the quality and duration of active life, reducing mortality, including at working age, is to reduce risks and eliminate factors that contribute to the development of obesity. The aim of the study is a hygienic assessment of the indicator of the primary morbidity of obesity in the population of the Moscow Region, the Central Federal District (CFD), the Russian Federation (RF). Materials and methods. The research materials were the databases of the regional information fund for social and hygienic monitoring of the Moscow Region for 2011-2019 (2020). The study was performed by a retrospective comparative analysis of intensive indicators of the primary morbidity of obesity in three age groups, calculated for 100 thousand cases of the corresponding age. Results. Obesity of the population of the Moscow Region occupies a significant share in the structure of diseases of the endocrine system, eating disorders and metabolic disorders. Among children, the incidence is 34.1% of all diseases of this class, among adolescents - 44.2%, adults-21.4%. The incidence of obesity among all age categories of the population of the Moscow Region is significantly lower than the level of the same indicator for the Central Federal District and for the Russian Federation, excluding the period 2011-2014, when the incidence of adolescents in the Moscow Region was higher or at the level of the indicator values for Russia. In 2019. among the 18 subjects of the Central Federal District, the Moscow Region occupies the 16th rank position in descending order of the value of the indicator of obesity among adolescents and adults for the first time. The lowest indicator for the Central Federal District is established among children. Conclusion. The implementation of the measures of the federal project “Strengthening Public Health” aimed at providing the population with a full, balanced, rational diet will reduce the risk of alimentary diseases, including obesity.