Fatal Case of Rabies in a Captive White-Tailed Deer: A Case Report from Chiapas, Mexico

Rabies is a fatal viral infection that causes enc ephalitis in warm-blooded animals, including humans. Dog-transmitted rabies is considered eradicated in Mexico; however, rabies is not being tested in livestock with neurological symptoms (one of the main manifestations of rabies disease). In this case report, we describe a rabies case in a white-tailed deer in the Santo Domingo ranch, in Catazajá, Chiapas, Mexico, where white-tailed deer are kept under captivity, and are meant for human consumption. This is the first report of a rabies case in white-tailed deer in Mexico. We also describe the challenges to obtain a rabies diagnosis and the lack of public health policies to ensure containment of the disease, as well as the lack of awareness among farmers in the area. One single confirmed case of rabies indicates that more animals are affected by the disease. The risk for human health and economical losses will remain unknown until rabies tests are routinely performed in animals that present neurological symptoms.

Appraisal of dog bite cases in Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia Abia state – Nigeria

Dog bite cases pose a major public health threat in Nigeria and other nations of the world. Millions of people are bitten by dogs, and most cases are fatal when bitten by rabid dogs. This study evaluated dog bite cases in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. It is a retrospective study on the clinical records of dog bite patients managed between 2016 to 2018 at the Federal Medical Centre Umuahia. Out of 98 reported cases of dog bites, there was a higher incidence rate of (65.3%) among the male victims than females (37.7%). 19.4% of the cases were victims of less than 15 years of age. Lower limb (59.2%) was the major site of bite cases. 58.2% of the offending dogs were owned while 41.8% were stray dogs. Only 31.6% of offending dogs had up-to-date anti-rabies's vaccination. Clinic records showed that 52% of the patients werepresented within 24hrs of the incidence at the hospital. Use of herbal balms (48%) was the most pre-hospital treatment received by dog bite victims. 4 victims had confirmed rabies case. Wound sustained by victims included open wound, lacerations, bruises and avulsion. Treatment pattern was based on evaluated risk of exposure of victims. In conclusion, dog bite cases in this study occurred more in malesand adults with mostly owned dogs being involved in the reported cases. Most victims of dog bite cases at the Centre promptly presented their cases for medical consultation. Public awareness is required on the need to avoid provocative dog bites, prompt hospital visitation when bitten by a dog, and there is a need for dog owners to vaccinate their dogs annually against rabies. Keywords: Appraisal, Dog- bite, rabies,treatment-regimen, Umuahia

DISTRIBUTION OF RABIES THAT INFECT HUMAN IN INDONESIA DURING ONE LAST DECADE

Rabies is a zoonosis that attacks the central nervous system with the ultimate goal of the central nervous system, brain, and spinal cord of warm-blooded animals and humans. The rabies virus is secreted with the saliva of infected animals and is transmitted through bites or licks on the skin injured by Animal Transmission Rabies (HPR), especially dogs, cats, and monkeys. This article is a literature review of the threat of distribution of rabies that infects humans in Indonesia in one last decade. Data collection is carried out through library research from reports of rabies cases during one last decade. Around the world, every year an estimated 24,000 people are bitten by dogs and other animals suffering from rabies. The first rabies case in Indonesia occurred in 1884. Reports of rabies cases in the last decade are still fluctuating. The average number of bite cases of rabies-carrying animals (GHPR) every year in humans in the past decade has been reported as many as 66,939 cases, and 50,065 cases (74.79%) of which get Anti-Rabies Vaccine (VAR). In the last report in 2019, the number of HPR bite cases was 100,826 cases and 67,625 cases (67%) received VAR. Until 2019, rabies is spread in 26 provinces in Indonesia. Mass vaccination as a method for controlling rabies has been known since 1920. Rabies vaccination is the most effective approach in controlling rabies in both animals and humans.

Comparative study on dog bite and rabies in livestock and pet animal with their management in Faridpur sadar upazilla Veterinary hospital

A cross-sectional study was carried out from 13th January to 15thMarch 2015 in the Upazilla Veterinary Hospital of the Sadar Upazilla under Faridpur District to estimate the dog bites, rabies, and their management in different livestock and pet animals registered for treatment. A prototype questionnaire was used to obtain the necessary information from the owners of the animals observed. Out of the total 170 animals diagnosed and treated based on gross lesion and history, 24, 13, 133 were cattle, dogs, and goats, respectively. The proportion positive of dog bite cases was 17.4% in cattle, 20.5% in goats, and 8.3% in dogs. Among the dog bitten animals, 77.8% were Category-III (single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches, licks on broken skin) bite. The prevalence of rabies in dog bitten animals was 2.50% in dogs, 0.8% in goats and no rabies case was recorded in cattle. Post-rabies vaccine was used in 46.4%, 100% and 75.0% dog-bitten goats, cattle and dogs, respectively. The occupation and literacy of the owner, types of cattle, animal’s age, and animal source etc. showed a considerable difference in prevalence. However, none of the association was statistically significant. This baseline study might be extended with a required number of samples to identify potential risk factors for the occurrence of rabies in different animals.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(2): 215-224, August 2018

Dog Demography And Level Of Knowledge Against Rabies In Positive And Negative Case Of Rabies Areas In Mendoyo-Jembrana, Bali, Indonesia (DEMOGRAFI ANJING DAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP RABIES DI DAERAH DENGAN KASUS RABIES POSITIF DAN NEGATIF

This research aims were to compare the demography of dogs and knowledge profile of dog owners against rabies in Mendoyo Sub-District, Jembarana Bali. This research used observational method, conducted from May to June 2016 in Mendoyo sub-district of Jembrana. Two Banjars were selected by the rabies case report in dogs (YehEmbangKangin village) and two other without case (MendoyoDanginTukad village). The data collected by interviewing the community and direct assessment of free-roaming dogs in the areas. A total of 200 household samples were taken, 50 respondents of each sampling area. This research resulted that the ratio of man-dog in Mendoyo was 4.5:1 and the ratio of male and female dogs was 1.8:1. As many as 64.8% of dog’s age were more than 12 month old, 28% were 4 to 12 month old and 8% were less than 4 month old. In the sampling areas, 19.4% of dogs were sterilized, which were 91.18% males and 8.82% females. Coverage of rabies vaccination in owned dogs was 82.3%. Dog’s petting method by people in Mendoyo was 69.71% free-roaming while 30.29% tied or caged. On free-roaming dog assessment, this study found 52 free-roaming dogs on the streets, 65.38% males and 34.62% females, only 30.8% of those used vaccination collar marker, Based on the body condition score, 76.9% of free-roaming dogs have good conditions. Of the total 200 households surveyed, there was a high level of knowledge about the danger of rabies and the importance of vaccination, but only a few people (<35%) received consulting about rabies, understood how to prevent rabies infection and the regulations about dog petting management. In positive area, we found there are still many people who have the habit of disposing dog. We conclude that there is needed to improve knowledge and attitude of the community about the prevention and risk factor of rabies.