Viral etiology of prostate cancer: Genetic alterations and immune response. A literature review

Abstract Objective The current article encompasses a literature review and recommendations for radiotherapy in nodal oligorecurrent prostate cancer. Materials and methods A literature review focused on studies comparing metastasis-directed stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) vs. external elective nodal radiotherapy (ENRT) and studies analyzing recurrence patterns after local nodal treatment was performed. The DEGRO Prostate Cancer Expert Panel discussed the results and developed treatment recommendations. Results Metastasis-directed radiotherapy results in high local control (often > 90% within a follow-up of 1–2 years) and can be used to improve progression-free survival or defer androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) according to prospective randomized phase II data. Distant progression after involved-node SABR only occurs within a few months in the majority of patients. ENRT improves metastases-free survival rates with increased toxicity in comparison to SABR according to retrospective comparative studies. The majority of nodal recurrences after initial local treatment of pelvic nodal metastasis are detected within the true pelvis and common iliac vessels. Conclusion ENRT with or without a boost should be preferred to SABR in pelvic nodal recurrences. In oligometastatic prostate cancer with distant (extrapelvic) nodal recurrences, SABR alone can be performed in selected cases. Application of additional systemic treatments should be based on current guidelines, with ADT as first-line treatment for hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Only in carefully selected patients can radiotherapy be initially used without additional ADT outside of the current standard recommendations. Results of (randomized) prospective studies are needed for definitive recommendations.

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Changes in the ambulatory care of prostate cancer patients during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Literature review and contribution of our group in telematic care

Actas Urológicas Españolas (English Edition) ◽

10.1016/j.acuroe.2021.07.008 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

J. García Rodríguez ◽

C. González Ruiz de León ◽

R. Sacristán González ◽

S. Méndez Ramírez ◽

L. Modrego Ulecia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Literature Review ◽

Ambulatory Care ◽

Cancer Patients

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Genetic Alterations at 13q14 May Correlate with Differences in the Biological Behavior of Prostate Cancer between Japanese and Caucasian Men

Urologia Internationalis ◽

10.1159/000296291 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 461-466 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Taku Misumi ◽

Yoshiaki Yamamoto ◽

Tomoyuki Murakami ◽

Yoshihisa Kawai ◽

Hideaki Ito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Genetic Alterations ◽

Biological Behavior ◽

Caucasian Men

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Increased VEGF-A in solid type of lung adenocarcinoma reduces the patients’ survival

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-79907-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Woon Yong Jung ◽

Kyueng-Whan Min ◽

Young Ha Oh

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Survival Analysis ◽

Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Enrichment Analysis ◽

Genetic Alterations ◽

Gene Set Enrichment Analysis ◽

The Cancer Genome Atlas ◽

Solid Type

AbstractThe histological classification of lung adenocarcinoma includes 5 types: lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary and solid. The complex gene interactions and anticancer immune response of these types are not well known. The aim of this study was to reveal the survival rates, genetic alterations and immune activities of the five histological types and provide treatment strategies. This study reviewed the histological findings of 517 patients with lung adenocarcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and classified them into five types. We performed gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and survival analysis according to the different types. We found six oncogenic gene sets that were higher in lung adenocarcinoma than in normal tissues. In the survival analysis of each type, the acinar type had a favorable prognosis, and the solid subtype had an unfavorable prognosis; however, the survival differences between the other types were not significant. Our study focused on the solid type, which had the poorest prognosis. The solid type was related to adaptive immune resistance associated with elevated CD8 T cells and high CD274 (encoding PD-L1) expression. In the pathway analyses, the solid type was significantly related to high vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A expression, reflecting tumor angiogenesis. Non-necrosis/low immune response affected by high VEGF-A was associated with worse prognosis. The solid type associated with high VEGF-A expression may contribute to the development of therapeutic strategies for lung adenocarcinoma.

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Hereditary angioedema type III (estrogen-dependent) report of three cases and literature review*

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia ◽

10.1590/abd1806-4841.20131818 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 88 (4) ◽

pp. 578-584 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Amanda Rodrigues Miranda ◽

Ana Paula Fusel de Ue ◽

Dominique Vilarinho Sabbag ◽

Wellington de Jesus Furlani ◽

Patricia Karla de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Oral Contraceptives ◽

Hereditary Angioedema ◽

Genetic Alterations ◽

C1 Inhibitor ◽

Type Iii ◽

Triggering Factors ◽

Encoding Gene ◽

And Control

In this article, three cases of hereditary angioedema (HAE) type III (estrogen-dependent or with normal C1 inhibitor) are reported. The HAE was initially described in women of the same family in association with high-leveled estrogenic conditions such as the use of oral contraceptives and pregnancy. There is no change in the C1 inhibitor as happens in other types of hereditary angioedema, and mutations are observed in the encoding gene of the XII factor of coagulation in several patients. The current diagnosis is mainly clinical and treatment consists in the suspension of the triggering factors and control of acute symptoms. A brief review of physiopathology, clinical features, genetic alterations and treatment are also presented.

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The features of host immune response with respect to microsatellite status of colorectal cancer

Archive of oncology ◽

10.2298/aoo0702005f ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 15 (1-2) ◽

pp. 5-9

Author(s):

Attila Fenyvesi

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Immune Response ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Continuous Production ◽

Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes ◽

Host Immune Response ◽

Genetic Alterations ◽

Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽

Melting Point Analysis ◽

Peritumoral Stroma

Background: The genetic alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression are determined by two separate pathways, chromosomal and microsatellite instability (MSI). The CRCs with MSI have distinct clinicopathological characteristics with pronounced tumor-associated immune responses. The aim of our study was to investigate the intensity of host immune response in CRC tissue by comparing microsatellite stable (MSS) and instable tumors. Methods: The study was performed on CRC specimens from 28 patients with MSI and compared with 30 MSS tumors. The microsatellite status was evaluated with two markers by PCR and melting point analysis. The immunostaining with anti-CD3 pan-T cell antibody was used to quantify the number of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. The lymphocytes in peritumoral stromal and the Crohn?s-like peritumoral reaction were counted on H&E slides. Results: No significant differences were found in the average number of lymphocytes in peritumoral stroma and in clinicopathological characteristics of CRCs. The conspicuous Crohn?s-like lymphoid reactions were present in 67.86% of CRCs with MSI versus 26.66% of MSS cases. The CRCs with MSI cases carried significantly higher numbers of tumor infiltrating T-lymphocytes (13.21 versus 7.47) (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The presences of peritumoral Crohn?s-like lymphoid and intraepithelial lymphocytic reaction were intensive markers for MSI in colorectal carcinomas in our study. The peculiar genetic instability in MSI tumors may lead to a continuous production of abnormal peptides, which act as neoantigens. They could induce specific antitumor immune responses effective in limiting tumor growth and spread. Abnormal peptides are potentially promising in immunotherapy advancing and in the design of a vaccine against colorectal tumors with MSI.

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