Characterization of three non-product materials from a bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp mill, in view of valorising them as a source of cellulose fibres

An early stage techno-economic analysis was performed to compare a traditional elemental chlorine free (ECF) sequence (O O D0 [EOP] D1 P) with the proposed totally chlorine free (TCF) sequence (O O A [ZEO]1 [ZEO]2 P)] for a bleached eucalyptus kraft pulp mill. Similar operating costs (ECF = US$465/a.d. metric ton; TCF = US$468/a.d. metric ton) and similar internal rate of return (ECF = 16.5%; TCF = 16.4%) were obtained. Although the TCF case has lower revenue with surplus steam, savings with chemicals (e.g., sodium chlorate and methanol) pays for the higher consumption of electricity. Probabilistic analyses were also performed to evaluate the financial risks associated with the variability of chemical costs and electricity price. Probabilistic analyses have shown that the price volatility of sodium hydroxide and sodium chlorate have a significant impact on the probability distribution of internal rate of return (IRR). Despite its promising potential, the new TCF sequence has only been tested in laboratory scale and further scaleup has to be performed to validate the technology. However, the techno-economic economic analysis shows that the proposed TCF technology has promising potential for future industrial application.

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VALORISATION OF BY PRODUCTS FROM BLEACHED EUCALYPTUS KRAFT PULP MILL

10.1063/1.2989021 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

M. C. Silva ◽

O. R. Lopes ◽

J. L. Colodette ◽

A. O. Porto ◽

J. Rieumont ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Kraft Pulp ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Kraft Pulp Mill ◽

Eucalyptus Kraft Pulp ◽

By Products

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Formation and degradation of mutagens in kraft pulp mill water systems

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal ◽

10.3183/npprj-1990-05-03-p142-147 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 142-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Annika Smeds ◽

Bjarne Holmbom ◽

Åbo Akademi ◽

Leena Tikkanen

Keyword(s):

Kraft Pulp ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Water Systems ◽

Kraft Pulp Mill

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The manufacture of sulfur-free alkali in a kraft pulp mill

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal ◽

10.3183/npprj-1990-05-03-p126-133 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 126-133

Author(s):

Per Ulmgren ◽

Rolf Lindstrom

Keyword(s):

Kraft Pulp ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Free Alkali ◽

Kraft Pulp Mill

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The removal of aluminum from the recovery system of a closed kraft pulp mill

Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal ◽

10.3183/npprj-1987-02-01-p004-009 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 4-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Per Ulmgren

Keyword(s):

Kraft Pulp ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Kraft Pulp Mill ◽

Recovery System

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Occurrence of Various Off-Flavours in Fish in Finland from 1969 to 1981

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1983.0129 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 15 (6-7) ◽

pp. 47-58 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T Kuusi ◽

M Suihko

Keyword(s):

Research Laboratory ◽

Kraft Pulp ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Northern Pike ◽

Research Centre ◽

Pulp Mill Effluent ◽

Technical Research ◽

Kraft Pulp Mill ◽

Food Research ◽

Numerical Scale

Off-flavours in fish were studied from 1969 to 1981 at the Food Research Laboratory of the Technical Research Centre of Finland using sensory methods. In all, 1982 samples of 18 species of Finnish fish, most of them suspected of being tainted, were studied. A trained taste panel scoring on a numerical scale of 0-10, where a score of 5 or less was unacceptable, was used. The off-flavours described were oil, kraft pulp mill effluent, sewage (musty), muddy, rancid, and others. Of all these samples, 34.9% were unacceptable. The most common off-flavour was kraft pulp mill effluent, present in 41.2 % of the unacceptable samples. In acceptable fish slight off-flavours were somet imes found. Of the muddy fish, only 35.2 % of the bream and 28.8 % of the northern pike were unacceptable. The panel was able to discriminate between the different off-flavours, but, in some cases, the boundaries were vague.

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