scholarly journals Composite risk index for designing smart climate and energy policies

2021 ◽  
pp. 100159
Author(s):  
Kristiāna Dolge ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
Composite Risk

scholarly journals Irrigation Salinity Risk Assessment and Mapping in Arid Oasis, Northwest China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumeniyaz Seydehmet ◽  
Guang-Hui Lv ◽  
Abdugheni Abliz ◽  
Qing-Dong Shi ◽  
Abdulla Abliz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Index ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Environmental Threat ◽  
Total Soluble Salt ◽  
Composite Risk ◽  
Risk Parameters ◽  
Grey Relational

Irrigation salinity is a common environmental threat for sustainable development in the Keriya Oasis, arid Northwest China. It is mainly caused by unreasonable land management and excessive irrigation. The aim of this study was to assess and map the salinity risk distribution by developing a composite risk index (CRI) for seventeen risk parameters from traditional and scientific fields, based on maximizing deviation method and analytic hierarchy process, the grey relational analysis and the Pressure-State-Response (PSR) sustainability framework. The results demonstrated that the northern part of the Shewol and Yeghebagh village has a very high salinity risk, which might be caused by flat and low terrain, high subsoil total soluble salt, high groundwater salinity and shallow groundwater depth. In contrast, the southern part of the Oasis has a low risk of salinity because of high elevation, proper drainage conditions and a suitable groundwater table. This achievement has shown that southern parts of the Oasis are suitable for irrigation agriculture; for the northern area, there is no economically feasible solution but other areas at higher risk can be restored by artificial measures. Therefore, this study provides policy makers with baseline data for restoring the soil salinity within the Oasis.

scholarly journals Drought Risk Assessment by Using Drought Hazard and Vulnerability Indexes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Dabanli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Drought Risk ◽  
Drought Vulnerability ◽  
Drought Hazard ◽  
Hazard Vulnerability ◽  
Composite Risk

Abstract. Drought has multiple impacts on socioeconomic sectors and it is expected to increase in the coming years due to non-stationary nature of climate variability and change. Here, we investigated drought hazard, vulnerability, and risk based on hydro-meteorological and actual socio-economic data for provinces of Turkey. Although, drought vulnerability and risk assessment are essential parts of drought phenomenon, so far, lack of proper integrated drought risk assessment in Turkey (and elsewhere) has led to higher socio-economic impacts. Firstly, the Drought Hazard Index (DHI) is derived based on the probability occurrences of drought using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) to facilitate the understanding of drought phenomenon. Secondly, the Drought Vulnerability Index (DVI) is calculated by utilizing four socio-economic indicators to quantify drought impact on society. Finally, the Drought Risk Index (DRI) is obtained by multiplying DHI and DVI for provinces of Turkey to highlight the relative importance of hazard and vulnerability assessment for drought risk management. A set of drought hazard, vulnerability, and composite risk maps were then developed. The outputs of analysis reveal that among 81 administrative provinces in Turkey, 73 provinces are exposed to the low drought risk (0 

scholarly journals Composite risk index: the new Safety Performance Indicator of risk exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol 314 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Tamara Pejovic
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Quality Of Reporting ◽  
Safety Risk ◽  
Composite Risk ◽  
Potential Improvement

Conceptually, all safety programmes desire accurate safety risk quantification in order to provide a meaningful expression of risk. As there are typically, multiple safety risks associated with a system or event, the quantification of total safety risk is a major challenge. One possible way to define and accept the total safety risk of any system is using the concept of a composite risk estimate. This paper represents development of the new safety performance indicator and overall methodology that could be used to measure the performance of European ATM systems as a whole and its individual entities. It describes the computation of the Composite Risk Index (CRI), logic behind it, its use (on the example EUROCONTROL Member States) and limitations and areas of potential improvement. CRI represents a cumulative risk value calculated aggregating all reported, assessed and severity classified key safety-related incidents to form an index. This measure of risk exposure is based on probability and severity that considers the human perception of equivalent risk. Overall idea behind CRI is that the performance of safety system can be analysed within three important broad categories: the quality of reporting system with reporting entity, measured risks within the system, and human perception of risk.

Foodborne Disease Risk Assessment of Foodservice Establishments in a Community

1982 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANK L. BRYAN
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Foodborne Disease ◽  
Administrative Procedure ◽  
Epidemiologic Data ◽  
Bacterial Contaminants ◽  
Composite Risk

An administrative procedure based upon epidemiologic data to estimate risk of foodborne disease from foods served in foodservice establishments is presented. The method utilizes food-property risk, food-operations risk, and average daily-patronage risk as coefficients to compute a composite risk index. The food-property risk is concerned with the characteristics of the foods prepared in an establishment in regard to the relative frequency that these foods have been, or because of their intrinsic qualities could become, vehicles of foodborne pathogens. The food-operations risk is concerned with the probability that foods are or will become contaminated, that contaminants survive or are likely to survive certain processes, and that if bacterial contaminants are present, they could multiply to sufficient quantities to cause disease. As the number of persons that eat an implicated or likely vehicle, the risk increases.

scholarly journals Climate Change Induced Flood Risk and Adaptation in the Padma River Island, Bangladesh: A Local Scale Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Rumana Sultana ◽  
S Rafiqul Alam Rumi ◽  
MA Hanif Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Local Scale ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Padma River ◽  
Composite Risk

Assessment of hazard characteristics, exposure, vulnerability, resilience and risk at a local scale is an important tool for identifying the capacities of households and local communities to adapt with climate change induced flood. Repeated floods with different magnitudes under variable climatic conditions are great catastrophe for the people living in flood prone regions specifically in Islands. People, infrastructure and economy are highly exposed to flood and that results in devastating flood disaster. In the Padma river Islands frequent flooding makes the life and livelihoods of people vulnerable and this vulnerability is conditioned by different factors such as people’s physical, social, economic and environmental condition. The higher is the level of vulnerability the higher is the level of flood risk. Hence, people’s resilience can minimize the negative impacts of flood disaster. A composite risk index (related to the probability of occurrence of the event, magnitude of the event, quantity and cost of the element at risk, vulnerability and resilience) was prepared to realize the climate change induced flood disaster risk. Some adaptive strategies are explored to adapt with climate change induced flood risk. Finally, Local Scale Disaster Risk Model (LSDR) was proposed to present the framework of climate change induced flood disaster risk and adaption at a local scale. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v8i0.20138 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 8: 41-48, 2013

Lifestyle Factors and Chronic Diseases: Application of a Composite Risk Index

1999 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixin Meng ◽  
Gertraud Maskarinec ◽  
James Lee ◽  
Laurence N. Kolonel
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Composite Risk

“But My Patients Are Different!”: Risk Adjustment in 2012 and Beyond

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 987-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah W. Moehring ◽  
Deverick J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Risk Adjustment ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Infection Control Program ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
The Past ◽  
Joint Influence ◽  
Composite Risk

Feedback of surgical site infection (SSI) rates to surgeons improves patient outcomes and should be considered a cornerstone of any infection control program. For as long as feedback of SSI data has occurred, those in infection control have often heard a searing retort from indignant surgeons: “But my patients are different!”Fortunately, epidemiologists have several tools to use in response. One of the most commonly used approaches involves risk adjustment for differences in case mix between the group of interest (eg, a surgeon's patients) and a comparator. In other words, risk adjustment levels the playing field.Formal risk adjustment for rates of SSI has existed for almost 50 years but is still an imperfect science. In fact, risk adjustment for different variables can lead to different conclusions. Over the past 2 decades, the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) risk index has been used by many hospitals to perform risk adjustment for rates of SSI. The NHSN risk index is simple and effective but has undergone considerable scrutiny. Numerous investigators have described scenarios and/or procedures for which the risk index performed poorly and have offered suggestions for improvement. Indeed, Robert Gaynes summarized some of the shortcomings of the NHSN risk index in 2 editorials 10 years ago, stating, “A composite risk index that captures the joint influence of [intrinsic patient risk] and other risk factors is required before meaningful comparisons of SSI rates can be made by surgeons, among institutions, or across time.”

scholarly journals The composite risk index based on frailty predicts postoperative complications in older patients recovering from elective digestive tract surgery: a retrospective cohort study

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Qing Li ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Fan Yu ◽  
Xue-Ying Li ◽  
Dong-Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Modified Frailty Index ◽  
Digestive Tract Surgery ◽  
Composite Risk

Abstract Background Limitations exist in available studies investigating effect of preoperative frailty on postoperative outcomes. This study was designed to analyze the association between composite risk index, an accumulation of preoperative frailty deficits, and the risk of postoperative complications in older patients recovering from elective digestive tract surgery. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study. Baseline and perioperative data of older patients (age ≥ 65 years) who underwent elective digestive tract surgery from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018 were collected. The severity of frailty was assessed with the composite risk index, a composite of frailty deficits including modified frailty index. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of postoperative complications during hospital stay. The association between the composite risk index and the risk of postoperative complications was assessed with a multivariable logistic regression model. Results A total of 923 patients were included. Of these, 27.8% (257) developed postoperative complications. Four frailty deficits, i.e., modified frailty index ≥0.27, malnutrition, hemoglobin < 90 g/L, and albumin ≤30 g/L, were combined to generate a composite risk index. Multivariable analysis showed that, when compared with patients with composite risk index of 0, the odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) were 2.408 (1.714–3.383, P <  0.001) for those with a composite risk index of 1, 3.235 (1.985–5.272, P <  0.001) for those with a composite risk index of 2, and 9.227 (3.568–23.86, P <  0.001) for those with composite risk index of 3 or above. The area under receiver-operator characteristic curve to predict postoperative complications was 0.653 (95% confidence interval 0.613–0.694, P <  0.001) for composite risk index compared with 0.622 (0.581–0.663, P <  0.001) for modified frailty index. Conclusion For older patients following elective digestive tract surgery, high preoperative composite risk index, a combination of frailty deficits, was independently associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications.

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