A human dual-color enzyme-linked immunospot assay for simultaneous detection of interleukin 2- and interleukin 4-secreting cells

In steroid-resistant (SR) asthma, there is a lack of clinical responsiveness to oral prednisone. Previous studies indicate that this may be explained by the effect of the combination of interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-4 on glucocorticoid receptor binding affinity. By contrast, steroid-sensitive (SS) asthmatics respond well to glucocorticoids, and this is accompanied by a decrease in the numbers of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) messenger RNA+ (mRNA+) cells expressing IL-4 and IL-5, and an increase in interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) transcripts. In the present study, we hypothesized that SR asthma is associated with alterations in T helper types 1/2 (Th2/Th1)-type cytokine gene expression. BAL was performed in six SR asthmatics and six SS asthmatics, before and after a 1-wk course of 40 mg daily prednisone. mRNA+ cells for IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma was measured by in situ hybridization using 35S-labeled RNA probes. Before prednisone therapy, there were significantly greater numbers of BAL cells (per 1,000) expressing IL-2 mRNA (p < 0.01) and IL-4 mRNA (p < 0.05) in SR asthmatics as compared with SS asthmatics, but no differences between the two groups in the numbers of BAL cells expressing IFN-gamma or IL-5 mRNA expression were observed. After a 1-wk course of prednisone, IL-2 expression was not altered in either group. However, SS asthmatics had a significant decrease in the numbers of BAL cells expressing mRNA for IL-4 (p < 0.01) and IL-5 (p < 0.001), and a rise in the numbers of IFN-gamma mRNA+ cells (p < 0.01). In contrast, after prednisone treatment, SR asthmatics had no significant change in either the number of BAL cells expressing mRNA for IL-4 or IL-5. Of note, there was an unexpected decrease in the numbers of IFN-gamma mRNA+ cells (p = 0.05). Our current findings indicate that SR asthma is associated with a dysregulation of the expression of the genes encoding for Th2/Th1 cytokines in airway cells and is compatible with the concept that a combination of IL-2 and IL-4 induce glucocorticoid (GR) binding affinity and T cell responsiveness to glucocorticoids.

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Regulation of interferon-γ, interleukin-4 and interleukin-2 by Schizonepeta tenuifolia through differential effects on nuclear factor-κB, NFATc2 and STAT4/6

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1258/ebm.2009.008357 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 235 (2) ◽

pp. 230-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hee Kang ◽

Ja-Young Moon ◽

Nak-Won Sohn

Keyword(s):

Interleukin 2 ◽

Nuclear Factor Κb ◽

Interferon Γ ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Nuclear Factor ◽

Differential Effects ◽

Schizonepeta Tenuifolia

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Nintedanib reduces corticosteroid resistance pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice by increasing the expression of β3 & β6 integrins

10.21203/rs.3.rs-899285/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Doha O Alghamdi ◽

Hala S Abdel Kawy ◽

Zuhair A Damanhouri

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽

Lung Tumor ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Control Group ◽

Lung Water ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Major Health Problem ◽

Corticosteroid Resistance

Abstract Background:Corticosteroid resistance pulmonary fibrosis is a major health problem. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of nintedanib on corticosteroid resistance pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin in mice.Methods:The mice were divided into five groups 12 mice each. control group, BLM group received single dose of bleomycin (BLM), BLM+MP group received BLM and methylprednisolone (MP), BLM+NIN group received BLM and nintedanib(NIN) and BLM + NIN + MP group. The lung tissues were obtained for biochemical analysis, gene expression and histopathological examination on day 7 and day 28.Results:After 7 days, both NIN groups showed a significant decrease in the levels of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, interferon-gamma, lung tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Malondialdehyde and lung water content with a significant increase in the Glutathione level in lung tissues compared to MP group. After 28 days, both NIN groups showed a significant reduction in hydroxyproline, and Trans-forming Growth Factor beta lung tissues contents compared to MP group, and they showed a positive effect on the expression of β 3 &β6 integrins compared to the negative effect of MP group. Histopathologically, both NIN groups showed significant improvement compared to MP group by H&E and Masson’s trichrome stains. Immunohistochemical staining revealed negative BCL-2 expression in the cytoplasm of bronchiolar epithelium in both NIN groups after 7 and 28 days of treatment. Lung tissue morphometric studies showed significant improvement of pathological changes induced by BLM in both NIN groups.Conclusion:Altogether, our data indicates that nintedanib overcame corticosteroid resistance pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin.

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Construction of Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Strain Expressing VP1 Fusion Protein of Duck Hepatitis A Virus Type 1 and Evaluation of Its Immune Effect

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9121479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1479

Author(s):

Xiaoting Zhang ◽

Ruihua Zhang ◽

Jingyu Wang ◽

Nana Sui ◽

Guige Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Fusion Protein ◽

Lactococcus Lactis ◽

Virus Type ◽

Hepatitis A ◽

Hepatitis A Virus ◽

Interleukin 2 ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Duck Hepatitis

With the continuous development of duck farming and the increasing breeding density, the incidence of duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) has been on the rise, seriously endangering the development of duck farming. To reduce the use of antibiotics in duck breeding, susceptibility risks and mortality, and avoid virulence recovery and immune failure risk, this study aims to develop a new type of mucosal immune probiotics and make full use of molecular biology techniques, on the level of genetic engineering, to modify Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis). In this study, a secretory recombinant L. lactis named MG1363-VP1 with an enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) and translation enhancer T7g10L was constructed, which could express the VP1-eGFP fusion protein of DHAV-1. The animal experiment in ducklings was performed to detect the immune response and protection effect of oral microecologics by recombinant L. lactis. The results showed that oral L. lactis MG1363-VP1 significantly induced the body’s humoral immune system and mucosal immune system to produce specific anti-VP1 IgG antibodies and mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) for DHAV-1 in ducklings, and cytokines including interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and interferon gamma (IFN-γ). The mortality rate was monitored simultaneously by the natural infestation in the process of production and breeding; notably, the ducklings vaccinated with L. lactis MG1363-VP1 were effectively protected against the nature infection of DHAV-1. The recombinant L. lactis MG1363-VP1 constructed in this study provides a new means of preventing and controlling DHAV-1 infection in the future.

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Age-related aspects of cytokine profile of immune response in children with pertussis

Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) ◽

10.21508/1027-4065-2020-65-3-84-90 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 84-90

Author(s):

O. P. Popova ◽

M. S. Blyakher ◽

I. M. Fedorova ◽

S. I. Koteleva ◽

I. V. Kapustin

Keyword(s):

Interleukin 2 ◽

Humoral Response ◽

Interleukin 10 ◽

Interferon Γ ◽

Interleukin 4 ◽

Cytokine Network ◽

Immunological Markers ◽

Age Related ◽

Immunoregulatory Cytokines ◽

The Relationship

The article presents a comparative analysis of the cytokine network in 161 patients with pertussis under the age of 1 year and in 180 patients over the age of 1 year. The studies revealed lower production of immunoregulatory cytokines (interferon-γ and interleukin-2) in patients under the age of 1 year at all stages of the disease and with all variants of pertussis (both mono- and mixed infections). The researchers revealed the relationship between the level of interferon-γ production and the severity of pertussis. They revealed age differences in the interferon-8 production in patients with mixed infection, which can determine clinical features and cause bronchopulmonary complications. The authors demonstrated the features of the dynamics of spontaneous and induced production of interleukin-6 and anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-4, interleukin-10) in children under the age of 1 year; these features can be considered as immunological markers determining the imperfection of the humoral response in patients with pertussis in this age group.

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