Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study: Impact of Changes From DSM-IV to DSM-5

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra S. Potter ◽  
Max M. Owens ◽  
Matthew Albaugh ◽  
Hugh Garavan ◽  
Kenneth J. Sher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Development Study ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Dsm Iv

Duration of untreated illness and outcome of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A naturalistic follow-up study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S323-S323
Author(s):  
V. Prisco ◽  
F. Perris ◽  
T. Iannaccone ◽  
M. Fabrazzo ◽  
F. Catapano
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Illness ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Dsm Iv

Duration of untreated illness (DUI) is a predictor of outcome in psychotic and affective disorders. Data available on DUI and its relationship with outcome in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suggest an association between longer DUI and poorer treatment response. The present study investigated socio-demographic and clinical predictors of DUI and its association with long-term outcome in OCD patients. Eighty-three OCD outpatients were treated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and prospectively followed-up for 3 years. Baseline information was collected on demographic and clinical characteristics using standard assessments. Each patient was assessed through the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis I disorders (SCID-I), the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV axis II personality disorders (SCID-II), the Yale-Brown obsessive–compulsive scale (Y-BOCS) and the 17-item Hamilton rating scale for depression (HDRS). The DUI was explored by interviewing patients, family caregivers and clinicians. OCD subjects had a mean DUI of 7.3 (5.8) years. A younger age at onset and a greater severity of OCD symptoms at baseline were associated with a longer DUI. The DUI of patients with a “good outcome” was shorter than that of patients with a “poor outcome”. Logistic regression analysis revealed indeed a possible association between longer DUI and “poor outcome”. In the logistic multivariable model, the association of DUI with treatment outcome held true whilst controlling for socio-demographic and clinical variables.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Clinical characteristics and treatment response in poor and good insight obsessive–compulsive disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ravi Kishore ◽  
R. Samar ◽  
Y.C. Janardhan Reddy ◽  
C.R. Chandrasekhar ◽  
K. Thennarasu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Poor Response ◽  
Severe Illness ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Good Insight ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Correlates ◽  
Dsm Iv

AbstractThe DSM-IV criteria recognize the existence of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) with poor insight. However, there is paucity of literature on the clinical correlates and treatment response in poor and good insight OCD. In this study, insight is measured by using the Brown Assessment of Beliefs Scale (BABS) developed specifically to assess insight. One hundred subjects with DSM-IV OCD were ascertained from the OCD clinic of a large psychiatric hospital in India. All subjects were evaluated extensively by using structured instruments and established measures of psychopathology. The subjects were treated with adequate doses of drugs for adequate period. The results showed that 25% of the subjects had poor insight. Poor insight was associated with earlier age-at-onset, longer duration of illness, more number of obsessive–compulsive symptoms, more severe illness and higher comorbidity rate, particularly major depression. Of the subjects who were treated adequately (N = 73), 44 (60%) were treatment responders. Poor insight was associated with poor response to drug treatment. In the step-wise logistic regression analysis, baseline BABS score was highly predictive of poor treatment response. Poor insight appears to be associated with specific clinical correlates and poor response to drug treatment. Further studies are needed in larger samples to replicate our findings.

Neuropeptides in OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anahid Kabasakalian ◽  
Eric Hollander
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Functional Imaging ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Reward Mechanisms

The chapter considers past investigations of neuropeptides and their dysregulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and related conditions, and future directions for study. It reviews how the diagnostic reclassification of OCD in DSM-5, the stress response, reward mechanisms, as well as neuropsychological, functional imaging and genetic studies contribute to understanding of the role that neuropeptides have played in OCD and related areas. Avenues of further investigation are considered in the context of novel endogenous neuropeptides, newly identified roles for established neuropeptides, and the greater understanding of interactions between neuropeptides both with other neuropeptides and with neurotransmitters.

scholarly journals Eye-hand preference dissociation in obsessive-compulsive disorder and dyslexia

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (2A) ◽  
pp. 242-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilena Occhini Siviero ◽  
Eliana Oliveira Rysovas ◽  
Yara Juliano ◽  
José Alberto Del Porto ◽  
Paulo Henrique Ferreira Bertolucci
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Motor Processing ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Eye Preference ◽  
Dsm Iv

Dyslexia may be a development disturbance in which there are alterations in visual-spatial and visual-motor processing, while obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disease in which there are alterations in memory, executive function, and visual-spatial processing. Our hypothesis is that these disturbances may be, at least partially, the result of a crossed eye and hand preference. In the present study 16 controls, 20 OCD (DSM-IV criteria) and 13 dyslexic adults (Brazilian Dyslexia Association criteria) were included. All had a neurological examination, the Yale-Brown scale for obsessive-compulsive symptoms application and the Zazzó evaluation for laterality, abridged by Granjon. Results showed a right hand preference for 100% of controls, 84.6% of dyslexics, and 75% of OCD patients and a right eye preference for 73.3% of controls, 69.2% of dyslexics, and 35% of OCD patients. The left eye preference was significantly higher in OCD when compared with the two other groups (p = 0.01) and the left hand preference of OCD patients (25%) was also significant when compared to Brazilian population (4%) or British population (4.5%). It is possible that this crossed preference may be partially the reason for visual-spatial and constructive disturbances observed in OCD.

scholarly journals Variation in obsessive-compulsive symptoms between children and adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Sultana Algin ◽  
S. M. Yasir Arafat ◽  
Sayedul Ashraf Kushal ◽  
Sumaiya Nausheen Ahmed ◽  
Mohammad Waliul Hasnat Sajib
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Level Hospital ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The complexity and diversity of clinical manifestations of obsessive-compulsive disorder have intrigued psychiatrists for a long time. Various differences have been noted in the presentation of obsessive-compulsive disorder of different age group. It was aimed to assess the variations of presentation of symptoms in children and adults in a tertiary level hospital. This study was done in an outpatient department from May 2015 to April 2017. Four hundred patients were included in the study consecutively after considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire which includes demographic variables, psychiatric diagnoses (DSM-IV-TR) and Y-BOCS symptom checklist. Obsessive-compulsive disorder started before adulthood in 41.5% of patients and onset after 18 years was found to be 58.5%. In this study, cases of obsessions, dirt and contamination was seen to predominate in both early- and late-onset obsessive compulsive disorder (68.3 and 71.4% respectively) and among the cases of compulsions, cleaning variety was found to be highest in both early- and late-onset (65.8 and 73.3% respectively). Age should be taken into account when evaluating obsessive compulsive disorder patients. The results suggest that more studies are necessary to determine whether in fact, it defines a homogeneous and particular group in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

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