A longitudinal study on clinically relevant self-reported depression, anxiety and acute stress features among Italian community-dwelling adults during the COVID-19 related lockdown: Evidence of a predictive role for baseline dysfunctional personality dimensions

AbstractStroke and cognitive impairment are common in older population. They often occur together and their combined effects significantly increase disability in both basic (BADLs) and instrumental (IADLs) activities of daily living. We investigated the individual and combined impacts of stroke and cognitive impairment on BADLs and IADLs. A total of 3331 community-dwelling older adults were enrolled from the Taiwan longitudinal study on aging in 2011. Both BADLs and IADLs were analyzed. Combination of stroke and cognitive impairment increased severity of ADL disabilities, but similar prevalence, similar numbers of summed BADL and IADL tasks with disability, and similar levels of difficulty for each BADL and IADL task were found between the stroke group and cognitive impairment group. The former had more difficult in dressing while the latter had more difficult in using the telephone, transport, and managing finances. A hierarchy of ADLs was also observed in all groups. ADL skill training supplemented with cognitive and physical interventions should focus on secondary prevention of dementia and improve motor functional capacity to reduce loss of ADLs.

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Compassion toward others and self-compassion predict mental and physical well-being: a 5-year longitudinal study of 1090 community-dwelling adults across the lifespan

Translational Psychiatry ◽

10.1038/s41398-021-01491-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ellen E. Lee ◽

Tushara Govind ◽

Marina Ramsey ◽

Tsung Chin Wu ◽

Rebecca Daly ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Well Being ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Lifespan ◽

Mental Well Being ◽

Over Time

AbstractThere is growing interest in the role of compassion in promoting health and well-being, with cross-sectional data showing an inverse correlation with loneliness. This is the first longitudinal study examining both compassion toward others (CTO) and compassion toward self (CTS) as predictors of mental and physical health outcomes including loneliness, across adult lifespan. We followed 552 women and 538 men in San Diego County for up to 7.5 (mean 4.8 and SD 2.2) years, using validated rating scales for CTO, CTS, and loneliness. Linear mixed-effects models were employed to examine age- and sex-related trajectories of CTO and CTS over time. Linear regression models were used to evaluate baseline and longitudinal relationships of CTO and CTS with mental well-being, physical well-being, and loneliness. CTS and CTO were weakly intercorrelated. Women had higher baseline CTO than men. While CTO was stable over time and across the lifespan, CTS scores had an inverse U-shaped relationship with age, peaking around age 77. There were significant baseline × slope interactions of both CTO and CTS predicting improvements in physical well-being in adults <60 years old. Increases in CTO and CTS predicted improvements in mental well-being. Higher baseline CTO and CTS as well as increases in CTO and CTS scores predicted lower loneliness scores at follow-up. Thus, CTO and CTS were associated with better mental well-being and loneliness across the adult lifespan, and physical well-being in younger adults, and are promising targets for interventions to improve health outcomes.

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Association of Frailty with recovery from disability among community-dwelling Chinese older adults: China health and retirement longitudinal study

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-020-01519-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Weihao Xu ◽

Ya-Xi Li ◽

Yixin Hu ◽

Chenkai Wu

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Chinese Older Adults

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A longitudinal study of brain atrophy over two years in community-dwelling older individuals

NeuroImage ◽

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.08.022 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 86 ◽

pp. 203-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Jiyang Jiang ◽

Perminder Sachdev ◽

Darren M. Lipnicki ◽

Haobo Zhang ◽

Tao Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Brain Atrophy ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Older Individuals

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Orientation and verbal fluency in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing: modifiable risk factors for falls?

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610218002065 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (10) ◽

pp. 1491-1498 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

T. O. Smith ◽

S. R. Neal ◽

G. Peryer ◽

K. J. Sheehan ◽

M. P. Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Verbal Fluency ◽

Functional Performance ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Cognitive Domain ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

Risk Factors For Falls ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

English Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACTObjectives:To determine the relationship between falls and deficits in specific cognitive domains in older adults.Design:An analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) cohort.Setting:United Kingdom community-based.Participants:5197 community-dwelling older adults recruited to a prospective longitudinal cohort study.Measurements:Data on the occurrence of falls and number of falls, which occurred during a 12-month follow-up period, were assessed against the specific cognitive domains of memory, numeracy skills, and executive function. Binomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between each cognitive domain and the dichotomous outcome of falls in the preceding 12 months using unadjusted and adjusted models.Results:Of the 5197 participants included in the analysis, 1308 (25%) reported a fall in the preceding 12 months. There was no significant association between the occurrence of a fall and specific forms of cognitive dysfunction after adjusting for self-reported hearing, self-reported eyesight, and functional performance. After adjustment, only orientation (odds ratio [OR]: 0.80; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.65–0.98, p = 0.03) and verbal fluency (adjusted OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–1.00; p = 0.05) remained significant for predicting recurrent falls.Conclusions:The cognitive phenotype rather than cognitive impairmentper semay predict future falls in those presenting with more than one fall.

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Prevalence and Correlates of Nocturia in Community-dwelling Older Men: Results from the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging

Korean Journal of Urology ◽

10.4111/kju.2012.53.4.263 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 53 (4) ◽

pp. 263 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Young Ju Lee ◽

Seong Jin Jeong ◽

Seok Soo Byun ◽

Jung Jae Lee ◽

Ji Won Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Older Men ◽

Community Dwelling

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Temporal Sequence of Hearing Impairment and Cognition in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/gly268 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 75 (3) ◽

pp. 574-580 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nicole M Armstrong ◽

Yang An ◽

Luigi Ferrucci ◽

Jennifer A Deal ◽

Frank R Lin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Hearing Impairment ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Digit Span ◽

Verbal Learning ◽

Temporal Sequence ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

California Verbal Learning Test ◽

Baltimore Longitudinal Study ◽

Learning Test

Abstract Background Hearing impairment (HI) could be a risk factor for cognitive decline, but cognition could plausibly also affect psychoacoustic assessment of hearing with audiometry. We examined the temporal sequence of hearing and cognitive function among nondemented, community-dwelling older adults. Methods Hearing and cognition were assessed between 2012 and 2015 and 2 years thereafter in 313 nondemented participants aged ≥60 years in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Poorer hearing was defined by pure-tone average of 0.5–4 kHz tones in the better-hearing ear. Cognitive measures with either visual or auditory inputs were Trail-making Test Part B; Digit Symbol Substitution Test; California Verbal Learning Test immediate recall, short delay, and long delay; Digit Span Forward/Backward; Benton Visual Retention Test; and Mini-Mental State Examination. We used linear regression models for cross-sectional associations at each timepoint and autoregressive, cross-lagged models to evaluate whether baseline hearing impairment (Time 1) predicted cognitive performance 2 years after baseline (Time 2) and vice versa. Results Cross-sectionally, there were no associations between poorer hearing and cognitive performance. Longitudinally, poorer hearing was associated with declines in California Verbal Learning Test immediate (β = −0.073, SE = 0.032, p = .024), short-delayed (β = −0.134, SE = 0.043, p = .002), long-delayed (β = −0.080, SE = 0.032, p = .012) recall, and Digit Span Forward (β = −0.074, SE = 0.029, p = .011).) from Time 1 to Time 2. Cognitive performance at Time 1 did not predict change in hearing status at Time 2. Conclusions Audiometric hearing impairment predicted short-term cognitive declines in both California Verbal Learning Test and auditory stimuli for attention.

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Associations Between Potentially Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Risk Factors and Gait Speed in Middle- and Older-Aged Adults: Results From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

The Journals of Gerontology Series A ◽

10.1093/gerona/glab008 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Erica Figgins ◽

Yun-Hee Choi ◽

Mark Speechley ◽

Manuel Montero-Odasso

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Chronic Conditions ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Lifestyle Factors ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Life Course Perspective ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Modifiable Factors

Abstract Background Gait speed is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Understanding the factors associated with gait speed and the associated adverse outcomes will inform mitigation strategies. We assessed the potentially modifiable and nonmodifiable factors associated with gait speed in a large national cohort of middle and older-aged Canadian adults. Methods We examined cross-sectional baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) Comprehensive cohort. The study sample included 20 201 community-dwelling adults aged 45–85 years. The associations between sociodemographic and anthropometric factors, chronic conditions, and cognitive, clinical, and lifestyle factors and 4-m usual gait speed (m/s) were estimated using hierarchical multivariable linear regression. Results The coefficient of determination, R 2, of the final regression model was 19.7%, with 12.9% of gait speed variability explained by sociodemographic and anthropometric factors, and nonmodifiable chronic conditions and 6.8% explained by potentially modifiable chronic conditions, cognitive, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Potentially modifiable factors significantly associated with gait speed include cardiovascular conditions (unstandardized regression coefficient, B = −0.018; p < .001), stroke (B = −0.025; p = .003), hypertension (B = −0.007; p = .026), serum Vitamin D (B = 0.004; p < .001), C-reactive protein (B = −0.005; p = .005), depressive symptoms (B = −0.003; p < .001), physical activity (B = 0.0001; p < .001), grip strength (B = 0.003; p < .001), current smoking (B = −0.026; p < .001), severe obesity (B = −0.086; p < .001), and chronic pain (B = −0.008; p = .018). Conclusions The correlates of gait speed in adulthood are multifactorial, with many being potentially modifiable through interventions and education. Our results provide a life-course-perspective framework for future longitudinal assessments risk factors affecting gait speed.

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