scholarly journals Orientation and verbal fluency in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing: modifiable risk factors for falls?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1491-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. O. Smith ◽  
S. R. Neal ◽  
G. Peryer ◽  
K. J. Sheehan ◽  
M. P. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Risk Factors For Falls ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

ABSTRACTObjectives:To determine the relationship between falls and deficits in specific cognitive domains in older adults.Design:An analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) cohort.Setting:United Kingdom community-based.Participants:5197 community-dwelling older adults recruited to a prospective longitudinal cohort study.Measurements:Data on the occurrence of falls and number of falls, which occurred during a 12-month follow-up period, were assessed against the specific cognitive domains of memory, numeracy skills, and executive function. Binomial logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between each cognitive domain and the dichotomous outcome of falls in the preceding 12 months using unadjusted and adjusted models.Results:Of the 5197 participants included in the analysis, 1308 (25%) reported a fall in the preceding 12 months. There was no significant association between the occurrence of a fall and specific forms of cognitive dysfunction after adjusting for self-reported hearing, self-reported eyesight, and functional performance. After adjustment, only orientation (odds ratio [OR]: 0.80; 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.65–0.98, p = 0.03) and verbal fluency (adjusted OR: 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96–1.00; p = 0.05) remained significant for predicting recurrent falls.Conclusions:The cognitive phenotype rather than cognitive impairmentper semay predict future falls in those presenting with more than one fall.

Cognitive Domain Associations with Balance Performance in Community-Dwelling Older People with Cognitive Impairment

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Morag E. Taylor ◽  
Annika Toots ◽  
Stephen R. Lord ◽  
Narelle Payne ◽  
Jacqueline C.T. Close
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Balance Performance ◽  
Visuospatial Ability ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Community Dwelling Older People ◽  
Global Cognition

Background: In older people with cognitive impairment (CI), executive function (EF) has been associated with motor performance including balance and gait. The literature examining and supporting a relationship between balance performance and other cognitive domains is limited. Objective: To investigate the relationship between global cognition and cognitive domain function and balance performance in older people with CI. Methods: The iFOCIS randomized controlled trial recruited 309 community-dwelling older people with CI. Baseline assessments completed before randomization were used for analyses including the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III; global cognition) and its individual cognitive domains (attention; memory; verbal fluency; language; visuospatial ability) and the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), a measure of EF. A composite balance score was derived from postural sway and leaning balance tests. Results: In linear regression analyses adjusted for covariates, global cognition and each cognitive domain were significantly associated with balance performance. EF (verbal fluency; β= –0.254, p <  0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.387) and visuospatial ability (β= –0.258, p <  0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.391) had the strongest associations with balance performance. In a comprehensively adjusted multivariable model including all of the ACE-III cognitive domains, visuospatial ability and EF (verbal fluency) were independently and significantly associated with balance performance. Conclusion: Poorer global cognition and cognitive domain function were associated with poorer balance performance in this sample of people with CI. Visuospatial ability and EF were independently associated with balance, highlighting potential shared neural networks and the role higher-level cognitive processes and spatial perception/processing play in postural control.

Determinants of verbal fluency trajectories among older adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Aging

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Viktor Gkotzamanis ◽  
Giorgos Koliopanos ◽  
Albert Sanchez-Niubo ◽  
Beatriz Olaya ◽  
Francisco Félix Caballero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

scholarly journals Midlife Marital Status and Subsequent Cognitive Decline over 20 Years: Discovery from ARIC

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simo Du
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Mixed Effect ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Significant Difference

Background — Recent studies show that marriage is associated with a protective effect against cognitive decline among older adults. However, definite evidence from large prospective cohorts is lacking. Even less is known about the association between marital status during midlife and domain-specific cognitive decline in later life. Objective — To investigate the effect of midlife marital status on subsequent domain specific cognitive decline over 20 years among community dwelling older adults. Methods — Prospective cohort study of a biracial population of 14148 participants in the Artherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Participants were followed from 1990-1992 through 2011-2013 and underwent three cognitive assessments at visit 2 (1990-1992), visit 4 (2004-2006) and visit 5 (2011-2013). Factor scores of cognitive functions were developed from neurocognitive tests during three visits and harmonized into three cognitive domains including executive, memory and language as well as general cognitive performance. Marital status was collected at visit 2 and categorized into four groups: married, divorced or separated, widowed, and never married. Multiple imputation using chained equations (MICE) was applied to address the challenge of informative attrition. Multivariable mixed effect linear models were applied after imputation with a spline term at year six to represent non-linear cognitive decline and a random slope to allow individual variations in cognitive decline after year six. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, education, hypertension, diabetes, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and BMI measured at baseline. Results — The median age of 14148 participants was 56.8; 24.2% of participants were black and 55.6% were female. Median follow-up time was 20.78 years. For the first six years, there was no statistically significant cognitive decline difference comparing groups without partners at baseline to the married group. After year six, models suggested that being widowed at baseline was associated with greater cognitive decline compared to the married group across all cognitive domains. In the general cognitive domain, the difference in annual cognitive decline comparing the widowed group to the married group was -0.019 standard deviation (SD) units [95%CI (-0.023, -0.015)] (p &lt; 0.001). Similarly, the corresponding difference in cognitive decline in the memory domain was -0.017 [95%CI (-0.023, -0.012), p&lt; 0.001] unit, and for language was -0.028 [ 95%CI (-0.032, -0.024) , p&lt;0.001 ]. For participants who were divorced or separated, annual cognitive decline only presented statistically significant difference in language domain with -0.006 [95%CI (-0.010, -0.003) , p=0.001] unit greater decline but not in other cognitive domains. There was no difference in the rate of cognitive decline between the married and never-married group.Conclusion — Widowhood by midlife may increase the risk of cognitive decline across all cognitive domains, while being divorced or separated in midlife was associated with greater annual cognitive decline in language domain. Being never married is not associated with greater cognitive decline.

Milk, yogurt and cheese intake is positively associated with cognitive executive functions in older adults of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Julie Tessier ◽  
Nancy Presse ◽  
Elham Rahme ◽  
Guylaine Ferland ◽  
Louis Bherer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Psychomotor Speed ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Dairy products provide essential nutrients such as calcium, vitamins B12 and D, and include bioactive peptides and fermented products, which may be beneficial for cognition, especially in older adults. Yet, few studies of large contemporary cohorts have investigated this relationship using sensitive domain-specific cognitive tests. Methods In community-dwelling older adults of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (2011-2015), we examined cross-sectional associations between total and specific dairy product intake and performance in three cognitive domains (executive functions, memory, psychomotor speed). Cheese, milk, yogurt, regular-fat, low-fat and fermented dairy product intake frequencies were estimated using a food frequency questionnaire; participants were classified into quartiles. MANCOVA models were applied to estimate differences. Results In 7,945 participants (65-86 y, 49% women, 97% Caucasian), the mean dairy product intake was 1.9 (1.1) times/d. Total dairy product, cheese and low-fat dairy product intake were positively associated with the executive function domain and yogurt intake with the memory domain (all p&lt;0.05), independently of important covariates including age, gender, education and diet quality. Intakes of total dairy product, cheese and low-fat dairy were associated with verbal fluency specifically (all p&lt;0.05). Participants with a dairy product intake &gt; 2.5 times/d had a higher score compared to those consuming less. No associations were found with psychomotor speed. Conclusions This large cohort study suggests a specific role for dairy components in executive function phonemic verbal fluency and memory. Dairy product intake, a modifiable factor, may be targeted in cognitive health-promoting interventions.

scholarly journals The Prevalence and Determinants of Vitamin D Status in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh Aspell ◽  
Eamon Laird ◽  
Martin Healy ◽  
Tom Shannon ◽  
Brian Lawlor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Endocrine Society ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

Vitamin D deficiency is often associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. The circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status predominately relies on UV exposure. However, the extent of which northerly latitude exasperates deficiency is less explored in ageing. We aimed to investigate vitamin D deficiency in community-dwelling, older adults, residing at latitudes 50–55° north. This study was comprised of 6004 adults, aged >50 years from wave 6 (2012–2013) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Deficiency was categorised by two criteria: Institute of Medicine (IOM) (<30 nmol/L) and Endocrine Society (ES) (<50 nmol/L). The overall prevalence of Institute of Medicine (IOM) and Endocrine Society (ES) definitions of deficiency were 26.4% and 58.7%, respectively. Females (odds ratio (OR) 1.23; CI: 1.04–1.44), those aged 80+ (OR: 1.42; CI: 1.01–1.93), smoking (OR: 1.88; CI: 1.51–2.34); of non-white ethnicity (OR: 3.8; CI:2.39–6.05); being obese (OR: 1.32; CI:1.09–1.58), and of poor self-reported health (OR:1.99; CI:1.33, 2.96), were more likely to be vitamin D deficient (by IOM). Residents in the south of England had a reduced risk of deficiency (OR: 0.78; CI:0.64–0.95), even after adjustment for socioeconomic and traditional predictors (obesity, age, lifestyle, etc.) of vitamin D status. Other factors, such as being retired, having a normal BMI, engaging in regular vigorous physical activity, vitamin D supplement use, sun travel, and summer season were also significantly positive correlates of deficiency. Similar results were observed for the ES cut-off definition. Importantly, more than half of adults aged >50 years had 25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/L. These findings demonstrate that low vitamin D status is highly prevalent in older English adults and the crucial importance of public health strategies throughout midlife and older age to achieve optimal vitamin D status.

Altruism, Volunteering and Cognitive Performance Among Older Adults: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 089198872096426
Author(s):  
Jimilly Caputo Corrêa ◽  
Maria Priscila Wermelinger Ávila ◽  
Alessandra Lamas Granero Lucchetti ◽  
Giancarlo Lucchetti
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Word List ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
State Examination

This study aims to investigate whether altruism and volunteering are associated differently with cognitive functioning in community-dwelling older adults. A 2-year longitudinal study of 291 Brazilian older adults was conducted. In the baseline analysis, altruism, but not volunteering, was associated with higher scores for the composite cognitive score, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the verbal fluency and the CERAD Recall. Concerning the longitudinal analyses, volunteering at baseline, but not altruism, was associated with verbal fluency and CERAD Word List Recall after 2 years of follow up. Same results were obtained while investigating changes in score. Altruism and volunteering were associated with cognitive tests, albeit in different ways. Volunteering, but not altruism, was associated with lower cognitive decline. However, altruism, but not volunteering, was associated with higher absolute score on these tests. These findings can further understanding of this new field of health research.

scholarly journals Haemoglobin A1c, fasting glucose and future risk of elevated depressive symptoms over 2 years of follow-up in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1889-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hamer ◽  
G. D. Batty ◽  
M. Kivimaki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
English Longitudinal Study ◽  
Hba1c Levels

BackgroundThe cross-sectional association between impaired glucose/diabetes and depression is inconsistent. We examined the longitudinal associations between diabetes, indicators of glucose metabolism and depressive symptoms over 2 years of follow-up.MethodParticipants were 4338 men and women from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, a prospective study of community-dwelling older adults [aged 62.9 (s.d.=9.0) years, 45.2% men]. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline and after 2 years of follow-up using the eight-item Centre of Epidemiological Studies – Depression (CES-D) scale. Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels, fasting glucose and other biological and behavioural risk factors were also assessed at baseline.ResultsApproximately 11.5% of the sample were categorized with elevated depressive symptoms at follow-up (a score ⩾4 on the CES-D). There was an association between HbA1c and depressive symptoms at follow-up [per unit increase, odds ratio (OR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.33] after adjustment for age and baseline CES-D. Cross-sectionally, the probability of depressive symptoms increased with increasing HbA1c levels until the value of 8.0% after which there was a plateau [p(curve)=0.03]. Compared with those with normal fasting glucose, participants with diabetes (confirmed through self-report or elevated fasting blood glucose) at baseline had an elevated risk of depressive symptoms at follow-up (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.01–2.30) after adjusting for depressive symptoms at baseline, behavioural and sociodemographic variables, adiposity and inflammation.ConclusionsThese data suggest that poor glucose metabolism and diabetes are risk factors for future depression in older adults. There was no evidence of a U-shaped association.

scholarly journals Multimorbidity patterns and memory trajectories in older adults: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Bendayan ◽  
Yajing Zhu ◽  
A D Federman ◽  
R J B Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
English Longitudinal Study ◽  
Psychiatric Problems

Abstract Background We aimed to examine the multimorbidity patterns within a representative sample of UK older adults and their association with concurrent and subsequent memory. Methods Our sample consisted of 11,449 respondents (mean age at baseline was 65.02) from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). We used fourteen health conditions and immediate and delayed recall scores (IMRC and DLRC) over 7 waves (14 years of follow up). Latent class analyses were performed to identify the multimorbidity patterns and linear mixed models were estimated to explore their association with their memory trajectories. Models were adjusted by socio-demographics, BMI and health behaviors. Results Results showed 8 classes: Class 1:Heart Disease/Stroke (26%), Class 2:Asthma/Lung Disease (16%), Class 3:Arthritis/Hypertension (13%), Class 4:Depression/Arthritis (12%), Class 5:Hypertension/Cataracts/Diabetes (10%), Class 6:Psychiatric Problems/Depression (10%), Class 7:Cancer (7%) and Class 8:Arthritis/Cataracts (6%). At baseline, Class 4 was found to have lower IMRC and DLRC scores and Class 5 in DLRC, compared to the no multimorbidity group (n=6380, 55.72% of total cohort). For both tasks, in unadjusted models, we found an accelerated decline in Classes 1, 3 and 8; and, for DLRC, also in Classes 2 and 5. However, it was fully attenuated after adjustments. Conclusions These findings suggest that individuals with certain combinations of health conditions are more likely to have lower levels of memory compared those with no multimorbidity and their memory scores tend to differ between combinations. Socio-demographics and health behaviours have a key role to understand who is more likely to be at risk of an accelerated decline.

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