Payer Type Predicts Hospital Admission for Trauma Patients in a Sub-Saharan African Country

This study explored how and when female board members make effective contribution to board processes in a sub-Saharan African country (Ghana), a context characterized by low female representation on corporate boards, but highly under-researched with respect to the gender and corporate governance literature. The study is based on interview data from 25 female board directors in Ghana. The results show that women on corporate boards contribute to effective board processes and outcomes when their proposed ideas during board meetings are accepted by other board members, implemented by management and impact positively on organizational outcomes such as enhanced financial, product and staff outcomes. These effective contributions of female board directors to corporate board processes can further be enhanced by suitable female directors’ personal-level conditions such as their human capital (advanced degree and professional qualification, and past board membership experience) and family support (supportive husbands, and having grown up children), as well as board-level conditions like occupying chairperson/leadership position on the board or committees, and regular attendance at board meetings. Consequently, this research study contributed to the gender and corporate governance literature by providing new evidence from under-researched geographical context on how women on corporate boards contribute to effective board processes. It further highlights personal and board-level conditions that are necessary for greater contributions of female directors to corporate board processes and outcomes in male-dominated societies and boards.

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The association between hospital admission and substance use among trauma patients

Journal of Substance Use ◽

10.1080/14659891.2017.1348557 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 79-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Therese Rye Eriksen ◽

Linnea Shumba ◽

Øivind Ekeberg ◽

Stig Tore Bogstrand

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Hospital Admission ◽

Trauma Patients

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A11120 Characterizing quality of current hypertension management in primary healthcare in a middle-income sub Saharan African country

Journal of Hypertension ◽

10.1097/01.hjh.0000548574.83852.8a ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 ◽

pp. e142

Author(s):

Neo Tapela ◽

Gontse Tshisimogo** ◽

Miriam Lowa ◽

Bame P. Shatera ◽

Virginia Letsatsi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Healthcare ◽

African Country ◽

Hypertension Management ◽

Middle Income ◽

Sub Saharan

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What are the critical dimensions in Ghana's senior high school social studies curriculum? Under the lens of a critical global citizenship education framework

International Journal of Development Education and Global Learning ◽

10.18546/ijdegl.11.2.02 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 142-158 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Simon Eten Angyagre ◽

Albert Kojo Quainoo

Keyword(s):

Social Studies ◽

Citizenship Education ◽

African Country ◽

Global Citizenship ◽

Social Studies Curriculum ◽

Critical Dimensions ◽

Global Citizenship Education ◽

The Social ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

School Curricula

A review of school curricula approaches to citizenship formation in a sub-Saharan African education context reveals such practice is still largely focused on a traditional social studies approach. This approach to citizenship development may be limiting in terms of potential to foster students' civic competencies for addressing social injustice associated with the impacts of globalization that impinge on local realities. Drawing on a critical global citizenship education (GCE) framework and GCE core conceptual dimensions developed by UNESCO, this study assessed the critical dimensions of the social studies curriculum for secondary education in one sub-Saharan African country. Through interviews with teachers, focus groups with students and a review of the social studies teaching syllabus, the study revealed limitations in both content and the pedagogical approach to the delivery of Ghana's current social studies curriculum for senior high schools.

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Pre-hospital CPR and early REBOA in trauma patients - Results from the ABOTrauma Registry.

10.21203/rs.2.19571/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Hilbert-Carius ◽

David T McGreevy ◽

Fikri M. Abu-Zidan ◽

Tal M. Hörer

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Hospital Admission ◽

Injury Severity ◽

Balloon Occlusion ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Probability Of Survival ◽

Traumatic Cardiac Arrest ◽

Predicted Probability ◽

Using Data

Abstract Background: Severely injured trauma patients suffering from traumatic cardiac arrest (TCA) and requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) rarely survive. The role of Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta (REBOA) performed early after hospital admission in patients with TCA is not well-defined. As the use of REBOA increases, there is great interest in knowing if there is a survival benefit related to the early use of REBOA after TCA. Using data from the ABOTrauma Registry, we aimed to study the role of REBOA used early after hospital admission in trauma patients who required pre-hospital CPR. Methods: Retrospective and prospective data on the use of REBOA were collected from the ABOTrauma Registry from 11 centers in seven countries globally between 2014 and 2019. In all patients with pre-hospital TCA, the predicted probability of survival, calculated with the Revised Injury Severity Classification II (RISC II), was compared with the observed survival rate. Results: Of 213 patients in the ABOTrauma Registry, 26 patients (12.2%) who had received pre-hospital CPR were identified. The median (range) Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 45.5 (25-75). Fourteen patients (54%) had been admitted to hospital with ongoing CPR. Nine patients (35%) died within the first 24 hours, while seventeen patients (65%) survived post 24 hours. The survival rate to hospital discharge was 27% (n=7). The predicted mortality using the RISC II was 0.977 (25 out of 26). The observed mortality (19 out of 26) was significantly lower than the predicted mortality (p=0.049). Patients not responding to REBOA were more likely to die. Only one (10%) out of 10 non-responders survived. Survival rate in the 16 patients responding to REBOA was 37.5% (n=6). REBOA with a median (range) duration of 45 (8-70) minutes significantly increases blood pressure from median (range) 56.5 (0-147) to 90 (0-200) mmHg. Conclusions: Mortality in patients suffering from TCA and receiving REBOA early after hospital admission is significantly lower than predicted by the RISC II. REBOA may improve survival after TCA. The use of REBOA in these patients should be further investigated.

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Sexual Violence and Victim Blaming in Nigeria

Women s Health - Open Journal ◽

10.17140/whoj-7-143 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 27-30

Author(s):

Emmanuel E. Nwusulor ◽

◽

Ifeoma I. Onwubiko ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Sexual Violence ◽

African Country ◽

Victim Blaming ◽

Health Consequences ◽

Online Social Media ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Major Factors

Aims and Objectives To determine the trend and pattern of sexual violence and victim blaming in Nigeria, which is associated with a range of health consequences, to publish the trend and proffer solutions on how to stem the tide. Methods Questionnaires were administered to individuals physically by hand as well as electronically via online social media groups. Results In this study carried out between July 2019 and August 2020, the opinion of 251 respondents comprising 153 males (61%) and 98 females (39%) between ages 23 and 60 years, were sought concerning who to blame in a sexual violence event: 150 (60%) comprising 120 males (45%) and 30 females (15%) blamed the victim: 80 (31%) comprising 26 males (10%) and 54 females (21%) blamed the perpetrators, while 21 (9%) comprising 7 males (3%) and 14 females (6%) were indifferent. Conclusion Victim blaming is prevalent in Nigeria and this has been one of the major factors that make sexual violence the fastest growing crime in this most populated Sub-Saharan African Country.

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Epilogue

10.1093/oso/9780198748960.003.0014 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 241-242

Author(s):

Thaddeus Metz

Keyword(s):

Moral Obligation ◽

Moral Theory ◽

African Country ◽

Good Position ◽

African Students ◽

Intellectual Traditions ◽

Moral Theories ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Political Philosopher ◽

Do So

At the end of the first chapter (1.5), I noted that, since having moved to an African country, I have considered myself to have had a moral obligation to engage with its intellectual traditions when teaching and researching. I would have rightly felt guilt had I taught merely Western ethics to African students and contributed only Euro-American-Australasian perspectives to journals published in the sub-Saharan region. Having been principally trained as an analytic moral and political philosopher, I have been in a good position to articulate normative-theoretic interpretations of African morality, to evaluate these moral theories by appealing to intuitions, and to apply them to a range of practical controversies. Now, it would be welcome if the relational moral theory I have defended in this book could explain why I had a duty to make such a contribution to the field. And indeed it does. I have had an obligation of some weight to teach and research African philosophical ideas as I am particularly able to do so for a reason that is by now familiar to the reader. In the way that a newly trained doctor has an obligation of some weight to give something back to his country before emigrating (...

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2207. Narrowing Antibiotic Spectrum of Activity for Trauma-Associated Pneumonia Through the Use of a Disease-Specific Antibiogram

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2514 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. S752-S752

Author(s):

Michelle Ting ◽

John Radosevich ◽

Jordan Weinberg ◽

Michael D Nailor

Keyword(s):

Hospital Admission ◽

Critically Ill ◽

Drug Users ◽

Illicit Drug ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Empiric Therapy ◽

Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽

Trauma Patients ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Culture Negative

Abstract Background Organism susceptibilities for trauma-associated pneumonia (TAP) differ from those in other groups of patients, including the critically ill. The purpose of this study was to identify common organisms and their susceptibilities in the respiratory isolates of trauma patients diagnosed with pneumonia within the first 7 days of hospital admission, and to create a disease-state antibiogram specific to TAP to guide empiric antibiotic therapy in this patient population. Methods This study was an IRB-approved, retrospective chart review of adult trauma patients with pneumonia admitted between September 1, 2015 and August 31, 2018 were evaluated. Patients included were diagnosed with and treated for pneumonia, with respiratory cultures drawn within the first 7 days of admission; both culture-positive and culture-negative patients were included. Subgroup antibiograms were made for a diagnosis made on days 1–3, 4–5, and 6–7. Results There were 131 patients included with a median age of 45; 85% were male, and 31% were illicit drug users. The majority of patients (63%) had ventilator-associated pneumonia, and most respiratory samples (77%) were obtained via bronchiolar lavage. Cultures were positive in 109 patients and negative in 22. There were 144 total isolates; 54% were Gram-negative bacteria. The most common Gram-negative pathogens were Haemophilus influenzae (16%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%). The most common Gram-positive pathogen was Staphylococcus aureus; 9% of all patients grew methicillin-resistant S. aureus. With culture-negative patients counted as susceptible, ceftriaxone monotherapy and ceftriaxone + vancomycin susceptibility were 85% and 94% of patients, respectively. Susceptibilities to cefazolin, ampicillin/sulbactam, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, and levofloxacin were 49%, 69%, 91%, 90%, and 92%, respectively. Illicit drug use and day of pneumonia diagnosis did not appreciably affect antibiotic susceptibilities. Conclusion For TAP diagnosed within the first 7 days of hospital admission, ceftriaxone monotherapy is adequate as empiric therapy, including in ventilated patients. The addition of vancomycin can be considered in patients with MRSA risk factors or who are critically ill. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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