scholarly journals How can machine-learning methods assist in virtual screening for hyperuricemia? A healthcare machine-learning approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 20-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Ichikawa ◽  
Toki Saito ◽  
Waka Ujita ◽  
Hiroshi Oyama
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Machine Learning Approach

scholarly journals Classifying Non-Sentential Utterances in Dialogue: A Machine Learning Approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Fernández ◽  
Jonathan Ginzburg ◽  
Shalom Lappin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
The Right

In this article we use well-known machine learning methods to tackle a novel task, namely the classification of non-sentential utterances (NSUs) in dialogue. We introduce a fine-grained taxonomy of NSU classes based on corpus work, and then report on the results of several machine learning experiments. First, we present a pilot study focused on one of the NSU classes in the taxonomy—bare wh-phrases or “sluices”—and explore the task of disambiguating between the different readings that sluices can convey. We then extend the approach to classify the full range of NSU classes, obtaining results of around an 87% weighted F-score. Thus our experiments show that, for the taxonomy adopted, the task of identifying the right NSU class can be successfully learned, and hence provide a very encouraging basis for the more general enterprise of fully processing NSUs.

scholarly journals Machine learning for identifying relevant publications in updates of systematic reviews of diagnostic test studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Lange ◽  
Guido Schwarzer ◽  
Thomas Datzmann ◽  
Harald Binder
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Diagnostic Test ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Data Preprocessing ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Final Performance ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Machine Learning Approach

AbstractBackgroundUpdating systematic reviews is often a time-consuming process involving a lot of human effort and is therefore not carried out as often as it should be. Our aim was therefore to explore the potential of machine learning methods to reduce the human workload, and to particularly also gauge the performance of deep learning methods as compared to more established machine learning methods.MethodsWe used three available reviews of diagnostic test studies as data basis. In order to identify relevant publications we used typical text pre-processing methods. The reference standard for the evaluation was the human-consensus based binary classification (inclusion, exclusion). For the evaluation of models various scenarios were generated using a grid of combinations of data preprocessing steps. Furthermore, we evaluated each machine learning approach with an approach-specific predefined grid of tuning parameters using the Brier score metric.ResultsThe best performance was obtained with an ensemble method for two of the reviews, and by a deep learning approach for the other review. Yet, the final performance of approaches is seen to strongly depend on data preparation. Overall, machine learning methods provided reasonable classification.ConclusionIt seems possible to reduce the human workload in updating systematic reviews by using machine learning methods. Yet, as the influence of data preprocessing on the final performance seems to be at least as important as choosing the specific machine learning approach, users should not blindly expect good performance just by using approaches from a popular class, such as deep learning.

scholarly journals Novel Machine learning approach for Self-Aware prediction based on the Contextual reasoning

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrius Daranda ◽  
Gintautas Dzemyda
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Context Aware ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Vector Method ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Contextual Reasoning ◽  
Machine Learning Approach

Machine learning is compelling in solving various applied problems. Nevertheless, machine learning methods lack the contextual reasoning capabilities and cannot be fitted to utilize additional information about circumstances, environments, backgrounds, etc. Such information provides essential knowledge about possible reasons for particular actions. This knowledge could not be processed directly by either machine learning methods. This paper presents the context-aware machine learning approach for actor behavior contextual reasoning analysis and context-based prediction for threat assessment. Moreover, the proposed approach uses context-aware prediction to tackle the interaction between actors. An idea of the technique lies in the cooperative use of two classification methods when one way predicts an actor’s behavior. The second method discloses such predicted action (behavior) that is non-typical or unusual. Such integration of two-method allows the actor to make the self-awareness threat assessment based on relations between different actors where some multidimensional numerical data define the connections. This approach predicts the possible further situation and makes its threat assessment without any waiting for future actions. The suggested approach is based on the Decision Tree and Support Vector Method algorithm. Due to the complexity of context, marine traffic data was chosen to demonstrate the proposed approach capability. This technique could deal with the end-to-end approach for safe vessel navigation in maritime traffic with considerable ship congestion.

scholarly journals To switch or not to switch – a machine learning approach for ferroelectricity

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 2063-2072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine M. Neumayer ◽  
Stephen Jesse ◽  
Gabriel Velarde ◽  
Andrei L. Kholkin ◽  
Ivan Kravchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Measured Signal ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Representation ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Signal Dependence ◽  
Two Parameter

The introduced two-dimensional representation of two-parameter signal dependence allows for clear interpretation and classification of the measured signal upon using machine learning methods.

scholarly journals Evaluation of machine-learning methods for ligand-based virtual screening

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beining Chen ◽  
Robert F. Harrison ◽  
George Papadatos ◽  
Peter Willett ◽  
David J. Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Machine Learning Methods

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment of Resting State for Mild Cognitive Impairment Detection: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Deep Learning Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalin Yang ◽  
Keum-Shik Hong
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Feature Representation ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Graph Theory Analysis

Abstract Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered a prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease, which is the sixth leading cause of death in the United State. Early diagnosis of MCI can allow for treatment to improve cognitive function and reduce modifiable risk factors. Currently, the combination of machine learning and neuroimaging plays a role in identifying and understanding neuropathological diseases. However, some challenges still remain, and these limitations need to be optimized for clinical MCI diagnosis. Methods: In this study, for stable identification with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) using the minimum resting-state time, nine different measurement durations (i.e., 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, and 270 s) were evaluated based on 30 s intervals using a traditional machine learning approach and graph theory analysis. The machine learning methods were trained using temporal features of the resting-state fNIRS signal and included linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine, and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithms. To enhance the diagnostic accuracy, feature representation- and classification-based transfer learning (TL) methods were used to detect MCI from the healthy controls through the input of connectivity maps with 30 and 90 s durations. Results: As in the results of the traditional machine learning and graph theory analysis, there was no significant difference among the different time windows. The accuracy of the conventional machine learning methods ranged from 55.76% (KNN, 120 s) to 67.00% (LDA, 90 s). The feature representation-based TL showed improved accuracy in both the 30 and 90 s cases (i.e., mean accuracy of 30 s: 79.37%, mean accuracy of 30 s: 74.05%). Notably, the classification-based TL method achieved the highest accuracy of 97.01% using the VGG19 pre-trained CNN model trained with the 30 s duration connectivity map. Conclusion: The results indicate that a 30 s measurement of the resting state with fNIRS could be used to detect MCI. Moreover, the combination of neuroimaging (e.g., functional connectivity maps) and deep learning methods (e.g., CNN and TL) may be considered as novel biomarkers for clinical computer-assisted MCI diagnosis.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Approach to Dysphonia Detection

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Dankovičová ◽  
Dávid Sovák ◽  
Peter Drotár ◽  
Liberios Vokorokos
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Speech Features

This paper addresses the processing of speech data and their utilization in a decision support system. The main aim of this work is to utilize machine learning methods to recognize pathological speech, particularly dysphonia. We extracted 1560 speech features and used these to train the classification model. As classifiers, three state-of-the-art methods were used: K-nearest neighbors, random forests, and support vector machine. We analyzed the performance of classifiers with and without gender taken into account. The experimental results showed that it is possible to recognize pathological speech with as high as a 91.3% classification accuracy.

scholarly journals Predictive Modeling of Psychiatric Illness using Electronic Health Records and a Novel Machine Learning Approach with Artificial Intelligence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew David Nemesure ◽  
Michael Heinz ◽  
Raphael Huang ◽  
Nicholas C. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
General Health ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Primary Care Settings ◽  
Machine Learning Approach ◽  
Shapley Values

Background: Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are highly prevalent and impairing problems, but frequently go undetected, leading to substantial treatment delays. Electronic medical records (EMRs) collect a great deal of biometric markers and patient characteristics that could foster the detection of GAD and MDD in primary care settings. Methods: We approach the problem of predicting MDD and GAD using a novel machine learning pipeline. The pipeline constitutes an ensemble of algorithmically distinct machine learning methods, including deep learning. A sample of 4,184 undergraduate students completed the study, undergoing a general health screening and completing a psychiatric assessment for MDD and GAD. Using 59 biomedical and demographic features from the general health survey and an additional set of engineered features, we trained the model to predict GAD and MDD. Results: We assessed the model's performance on a held-out test set and found an AUC of 0.72 and 0.66 for GAD, and MDD, respectively. Additionally, we used advanced techniques (Shapley values) to illuminate which features had the greatest impact on prediction for each disease. The top predictive features for MDD were “difficulty memorizing lessons”, “financial difficulties” and “alcohol consumption”. The top predictive features for GAD were the necessity for a control examination, being overweight/obese, and irregular meal consumption. Conclusions: Our results indicate a successful application of machine learning methods in detection of GAD and MDD based on EMR-like data. By identifying biomarkers of GAD and MDD, these results may be used in future research to aid in the early detection of MDD and GAD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document