scholarly journals Long-run costs of piecemeal reform: Wage inequality and returns to education in Vietnam

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1106-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diep Phan ◽  
Ian Coxhead
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
Long Run

Econometric Analysis of Returns to Education of Rural and Urban Labour Markets Workers in Tamil Nadu

2020 ◽  
pp. 336-344
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Rural Market ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rate Of Returns ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Quantile Regression Method

The objective of this study was to empirically evaluate the returns to education of rural and urban labour markets workers in Tamil Nadu using the IHDS data with appropriate Econometric models. First, the present study estimated the earning functions of the rural and urban market's workers by OLS technique and standard Mincerian earning functions. Secondly, the quantile regression method was also used to examine the evolution of wage inequality. The findings of the study showed that the effects of education and experience on the log of hourly wages were positive, and these coefficients were statistically significant. The returns to education increased with the level of education and differed among the workers of rural and urban labour markets. The results showed that the rates of returns to primary, middle and higher secondary were higher in the urban market, whereas those of secondary and graduation were higher in the rural market. The study revealed that the effect of education was not the same across the rural and urban wage distribution. The rate of returns differed considerably within education groups across different quantiles of the wage distribution.

scholarly journals International trade in services and inequalities

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1069-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Petit
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Tourism Services ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of the international openness in tourism services trade on wage inequality between highly skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled workers in the tourism industry. The sample covers 10 developed countries and expands over 15 years. A cointegrated panel data model and an error correction model were used to distinguish between the short- and long-run effects. The results are compared to those of openness of business services and manufactured goods. The findings point out that tourism increases wage inequality at the expense of the least skilled workers in the long run and the short run.

Recent shifts in wage inequality and the wage returns to education in Britain

1998 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 87-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Machin
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Wage Differentials ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Wage Returns ◽  
Relative Demand ◽  
Higher Educational ◽  
Demand Shifts

In this article I consider shifts in the structure of wages in Britain between the mid-1970s and mid-1990s. In the 1990s the rising gap between the highest and lowest paid was either stable or rose a little, but by nowhere near as much as in the 1980s. This seems to be, at least partially, due to the fact that faster educational upgrading has dampened down some of the rising wage differentials experienced by the more educated. However, demand still seems to be shifting in favour of the more highly educated and skilled because, despite the fact that there are many more workers with higher educational qualifications, their wages relative to other groups have not fallen. Finally, I argue that relative demand shifts in favour of the more educated and skilled are still more pronounced in more technologically advanced industries. This is in line with the notion, like much of the evidence based on industry demand shifts in the 1970s and 1980s, that technology is key to changes in labour market inequality.

scholarly journals The role of skills and tasks in changing employment trends and income inequality in Chile

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Zapata-Román
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
Decomposition Methods ◽  
Skill Premium ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Occupational Structure ◽  
Job Polarization ◽  
Employment Trends

Using decomposition methods, we analyse the role of the changing nature of work in explaining changes in employment, wage inequality, and job polarization in Chile from 1992 to 2017. Changes in occupational structure confirm a displacement of workers from low-skill occupations towards jobs demanding non-routine higher skills (professionals and technicians), and to jobs demanding routine manual and cognitive tasks (services and sales). Changes in occupational earnings have had an equalizing effect, with more substantial gains in favour of lower-skill occupations and also at the top of the skill premium. Inequality reductions since the 2000s are explained by a fall in earnings in the top percentiles of the distribution, which have been reallocated most noticeably around the median (2000–06) and the bottom 30 per cent (2006–17). Changes in the returns to education and the relocation of workers towards less-routine occupations have contributed to the inequality reduction.

scholarly journals Labour productivity, wages and the functional distribution of income in Portugal: A sectoral approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Carlos Lopes ◽  
José Carlos Coelho ◽  
Vítor Escária
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Wage Share ◽  
Labour Share ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Sectoral Approach ◽  
Functional Distribution ◽  
Distribution Of Income

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to study the functional distribution of income in Portugal in the long run, considering the period between 1953 and 2017. The labour share in income or value added depends on two fundamental variables, labour productivity and the average labour compensation. The trends of these variables are quantified for the aggregate economy and for its main productive sectors. An interesting result emerges, namely the different dynamics across sectors, both for the (unadjusted) wage share (considering only the wages of employees) and for the adjusted labour share (considering also as labour compensation one fraction of mixed income). Moreover, a shift-share analysis is used, in order to distinguish the importance of each sector's wage share evolution (“within” effect) and the changes in each sector's weight (structural changes, or “between” effect). Finally, a first attempt to incorporate the effect of wage inequality on the functional distribution of income is made, subtracting the labour compensation of the highest paid workers (top 10%, 5% and 1%) in order to calculate the wage share of the (so-called) "typical" workers.

Education Development and Wage Inequality in Urban China

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Li ◽  
Shanshan Wu ◽  
Chunbing Xing
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
Labor Mobility ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Major Contributor ◽  
Education Development ◽  
Education Expansion ◽  
College Educated

Using a representative household survey for 1995, 2002, 2007, and 2013, we show that education plays a pivotal role in shaping wage inequality in urban China. We find that education was a major contributor to increased wage inequality between 1995 and 2013. The returns to education remained high after 2007 despite a large inflow of college-educated workers. Although regional wage inequality declined from 2007–13, regional wage inequality among educated workers did not. Residual wage inequality increased, and the within inequality of educated workers increased faster than that of the less educated. We argue that China's education expansion seems insufficient to narrow the educational wage gap, and a lack of labor mobility for educated workers prevents the decline in returns to education in specific regions.

ENDOGENOUS POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS, WAGE INEQUALITY, AND ECONOMIC GROWTH

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos Pargianas
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Skill Premium ◽  
The Political ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run

The paper suggests that the political changes brought about by the increase in the proportion of college graduates in the U.S. labor force in the 1970s may have contributed to the decline in the college premium during the 1970s and its increase during the 1980s and 1990s. The study argues that the proportion of skilled workers in the labor force affected their relative importance in the political process. Thus, the increase in the proportion of skilled workers during the 1970s reduced the skill premium in the short run, but induced a change in policies that favored skilled workers and increased the skill premium in the long run.

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