Nanoparticle Deposition Pattern During Colloidal Droplet Evaporation as in-situ Investigated by Low-Field NMR: The Critical Role of Bound Water

Author(s):  
Basheer Mansoor ◽  
Wei Chen
2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (6) ◽  
pp. F1123-F1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
James J. De Yoreo ◽  
S. Roger Qiu ◽  
John R. Hoyer

Calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) is the primary constituent of the majority of renal stones. Osteopontin (OPN), an aspartic acid-rich urinary protein, and citrate, a much smaller molecule, are potent inhibitors of COM crystallization at levels present in normal urine. Current concepts of the role of site-specific interactions in crystallization derived from studies of biomineralization are reviewed to provide a context for understanding modulation of COM growth at a molecular level. Results from in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses of the effects of citrate and OPN on growth verified the critical role of site-specific interactions between these growth modulators and individual steps on COM crystal surfaces. Molecular modeling investigations of interactions of citrate with steps and faces on COM crystal surfaces provided links between the stereochemistry of interaction and the binding energy levels that underlie mechanisms of growth modification and changes in overall crystal morphology. The combination of in situ AFM and molecular modeling provides new knowledge that will aid rationale design of therapeutic agents for inhibition of stone formation.


Fuel ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
pp. 116328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Strahinja Markovic ◽  
Jonathan L. Bryan ◽  
Aman Turakhanov ◽  
Alexey Cheremisin ◽  
Sudarshan A. Mehta ◽  
...  

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 434
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Raheleh Niavarani ◽  
Christine Lawson ◽  
Lee-Hwa Tai

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a form of immunotherapy that release tumor antigens in the context of highly immunogenic viral signals following tumor-targeted infection and destruction. Emerging preclinical and clinical evidence suggests that this in situ vaccine effect is critical for successful viro-immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the application of OV as an infected cell vaccine (ICV) as one method of enhancing the potency and breadth of anti-tumoral immunity. We focus on understanding and manipulating the critical role of natural killer (NK) cells and their interactions with other immune cells to promote a clinical outcome. With a synergistic tumor killing and immune activating mechanism, ICVs represent a valuable new addition to the cancer fighting toolbox with the potential to treat malignant disease.


2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (18) ◽  
pp. 11045-11052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Kirkland ◽  
Maria P. Herrling ◽  
Randy Hiebert ◽  
Andrew T. Bender ◽  
Elliot Grunewald ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2389-2395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumit Tewari ◽  
Koen M Bastiaans ◽  
Milan P Allan ◽  
Jan M van Ruitenbeek

Scanning tunneling microscopes (STM) are used extensively for studying and manipulating matter at the atomic scale. In spite of the critical role of the STM tip, procedures for controlling the atomic-scale shape of STM tips have not been rigorously justified. Here, we present a method for preparing tips in situ while ensuring the crystalline structure and a reproducibly prepared tip structure up to the second atomic layer. We demonstrate a controlled evolution of such tips starting from undefined tip shapes.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Eun Lee ◽  
Akira Yamaguchi ◽  
Hideshi Ooka ◽  
Tomohiro Kazami ◽  
Masahiro Miyauchi ◽  
...  

In situ electrochemical IR study of the CO2 reduction by inorganic analogues of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) reveals the critical role of Ni in the activity and selectivity of Fe sulfides for CO2 reduction.


2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhairab N Singh ◽  
Naoyuki Tahara ◽  
Yasuhiko Kawakami ◽  
Naoko Koyano-Nakagawa ◽  
Wuming Gong ◽  
...  

Remodeling of the pre-existing primitive vasculature is necessary for the formation of a complex branched vascular architecture. However, the factors that modulate these processes are incompletely defined. Previously, we defined the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in endothelial specification. In the present study, we further examined the Etv2-Cre mediated ablation of Dicer L/L and characterized the perturbed vascular patterning in the embryo proper and yolk-sac. We mechanistically defined an important role for miR-130a , an Etv2 downstream target, in the mediation of vascular patterning and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo . Inducible overexpression of miR-130a resulted in robust induction of vascular sprouts and angiogenesis with increased uptake of acetylated-LDL. Mechanistically, miR-130a directly regulates Jarid2 expression by binding to its 3’-UTR region. CRISPR/Cas9 mediated knockout of miR-130a showed increased levels of Jarid2 in the ES/EB system. Further, the levels of Jarid2 transcripts were increased in the Etv2-null embryos at E8.5. In the in vivo settings, injection of miR-130a specific morpholinos in zebrafish embryos resulted in perturbed vascular patterning with reduced levels of endothelial transcripts in the miR-130a morphants. qPCR and in situ hybridization techniques demonstrated increased expression of jarid2a in the miR-130a morphants in vivo . These findings demonstrate a critical role for Etv2-miR-130a-Jarid2 in vascular patterning both in vitro and in vivo .


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