Feebates for dealing with trade-offs on fertilizer subsidies: A conceptual framework for environmental management

2018 ◽  
Vol 189 ◽  
pp. 898-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland W. Scholz ◽  
Bernhard Geissler
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Fertilizer Subsidies

The questionnaire on productivity attributes (QPA)

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 845-872
Author(s):  
Raju Sheshrao Kamble ◽  
Lalit Narendra Wankhade
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
General Measure ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Productivity Improvement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Offs

PurposeAlthough there are many studies investigating attributes affecting productivity, the research into measurement of those attributes has been incomplete. In an attempt to bridge this gap, the authors reviewed the productivity literature, identified and integrated previously described attributes, and developed a measure to estimate those attributes. The developed questionnaire – questionnaire on productivity attributes (QPA) – is based on a five-dimensional conceptual framework, which consisted of human resource management, management strategy, organizational culture, production methodology, and performance. A model that measures a way to construct a linear scale from ordinal data has also been introduced. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachInitially, a pilot survey among Indian academic and industrial experts as well as employees working in manufacturing industries was conducted to optimize clarity, readability, and construction of the QPA. After pilot-testing, the 45 QPA items were further field surveyed amongst a representative sample of 311 Indian engineers, managers, and workers from manufacturing industries. One-way analysis of variance is performed to examine whether there are differences among engineers, managers, and workers in the understandability or applicability of QPA. Exploratory factor analysis is used to confirm the five-dimensional conceptual framework. Also, infit and outfit measures have been used to check the QPA model fit. To increase confidence, all retained items are tested for goodness-of-fit test. Finally, the functioning of optimal response categorization of the QPA is demonstrated in terms of frequencies, average measures, and standard error.FindingsA five-dimensional conceptual framework is identified. A generic short scale was constructed. Finally, the developed questionnaire provides new insights into how to avoid the trade-offs commonly observed in productivity research.Originality/valueThe newly designed QPA appears as a general measure for productivity attributes which can be used by scholars and practitioners to conduct basic research on productivity improvement in various industries.

scholarly journals Defining Coastal Resilience

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerd Masselink ◽  
Eli Lazarus
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Coastal Zone Management ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Coastal Resilience

The concept of resilience has taken root in the discourse of environmental management, especially regarding Building with Nature strategies for embedding natural physical and ecological dynamics into engineered interventions in developed coastal zones. Resilience is seen as a desirable quality, and coastal management policy and practice are increasingly aimed at maximising it. Despite its ubiquity, resilience remains ambiguous and poorly defined in management contexts. What is coastal resilience? And what does it mean in settings where natural environmental dynamics have been supplanted by human-dominated systems? Here, we revisit the complexities of coastal resilience as a concept, a term, and a prospective goal for environmental management. We consider examples of resilience in natural and built coastal environments, and offer a revised, formal definition of coastal resilience with a holistic scope and emphasis on systemic functionality: “Coastal resilience is the capacity of the socioeconomic and natural systems in the coastal environment to cope with disturbances, induced by factors such as sea level rise, extreme events and human impacts, by adapting whilst maintaining their essential functions.” Against a backdrop of climate change impacts, achieving both socioeconomic and natural resilience in coastal environments in the long-term (>50 years) is very costly. Cost trade-offs among management aims and objectives mean that enhancement of socioeconomic resilience typically comes at the expense of natural resilience, and vice versa. We suggest that for practical purposes, optimising resilience might be a more realistic goal of coastal zone management.

scholarly journals The role of marine protected areas in environmental management

2008 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Scientific Advice ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
High Level

Abstract Jennings, S. 2009. The role of marine protected areas in environmental management. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 16–21. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are one of several tools used to meet management objectives for the marine environment. These objectives reflect political and societal views, and increasingly reconcile fishery and conservation concerns, a consequence of common high-level drivers, such as the World Summit on Sustainable Development. The contribution of MPAs to meeting objectives should be assessed in conjunction with other tools, taking account of the management systems of which they are part. Many of the same factors determine the success of MPAs and other management tools, such as quality of governance and the social and economic situation of people using marine goods and services. Diverse legislation governs MPA designation. Designation could be simplified by prearranged and prenegotiated agreements among all relevant authorities. Agreements could specify how to make trade-offs among objectives, interpret scientific advice, ensure effective engagement among authorities and stakeholders, deal with appeals, and support progressive improvement. The jurisdiction and competence of fishery management authorities mean that they are well placed to contribute to the design, designation, and enforcement of MPAs. Their strengths include well-established procedures for accessing scientific advice, the capacity to work across multiple jurisdictions, experience with MPA management, and access to vessels and personnel for enforcement.

scholarly journals Multidimensional biases, gaps and uncertainties in global plant occurrence information

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Meyer ◽  
Patrick Weigelt ◽  
Holger Kreft
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Multidimensional Data ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Other Information ◽  
Temporal Dimensions ◽  
Plant Ecological ◽  
Information Metrics ◽  
Occurrence Records

Plants are a hyperdiverse clade that plays a key role in maintaining ecological and evolutionary processes as well as human livelihoods. Glaring biases, gaps, and uncertainties in plant occurrence information remain a central problem in ecology and conservation, but these limitations have never been assessed globally. In this synthesis, we propose a conceptual framework for analyzing information biases, gaps and uncertainties along taxonomic, geographical, and temporal dimensions and apply it to all c. 370,000 species of land plants. To this end, we integrated 120 million point-occurrence records with independent databases on plant taxonomy, distributions, and conservation status. We find that different data limitations are prevalent in each dimension. Different information metrics are largely uncorrelated, and filtering out specific limitations would usually lead to extreme trade-offs for other information metrics. In light of these multidimensional data limitations, we critically discuss prospects for global plant ecological and biogeographical research, monitoring and conservation, and outline critical next steps towards more effective information usage and mobilization. We provide an empirical baseline for evaluating and improving global floristic knowledge and our conceptual framework can be applied to the study of other hyperdiverse clades.

scholarly journals Need, demand, supply in health care: working definitions, and their implications for defining access

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Idaira Rodriguez Santana ◽  
Anne Mason ◽  
Nils Gutacker ◽  
Panagiotis Kasteridis ◽  
Rita Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Care ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Venn Diagram ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Care Systems

Abstract Effective policymaking in health care systems begins with a clear typology of the terminology – need, demand, supply and access to care – and their interrelationships. However, the terms are contested and their meaning is rarely stated explicitly. This paper offers working definitions of need, demand and supply. We draw on the international literature and use a Venn diagram to explain the terms. We then define access to care, reviewing alternative and competing definitions from the literature. We conclude by discussing potential applications of our conceptual framework to help to understand the interrelationships and trade-offs between need, demand, supply and access in health care.

scholarly journals Towards understanding interactions between Sustainable Development Goals: the role of environment–human linkages

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1573-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörn P. W. Scharlemann ◽  
Rebecca C. Brock ◽  
Nicholas Balfour ◽  
Claire Brown ◽  
Neil D. Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Influence Matrix ◽  
Pairwise Interactions ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency

Abstract Only 10 years remain to achieve all Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) globally, so there is a growing need to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of action by targeting multiple SDGs. The SDGs were conceived as an ‘indivisible whole’, but interactions between SDGs need to be better understood. Several previous assessments have begun to explore interactions including synergies and possible conflicts between the SDGs, and differ widely in their conclusions. Although some highlight the role of the more environmentally-focused SDGs in underpinning sustainable development, none specifically focuses on environment–human linkages. Assessing interactions between SDGs, and the influence of environment on them can make an important contribution to informing decisions in 2020 and beyond. Here, we review previous assessments of interactions among SDGs, apply an influence matrix to assess pairwise interactions between all SDGs, and show how viewing these from the perspective of environment–human linkages can influence the outcome. Environment, and environment–human linkages, influence most interactions between SDGs. Our action-focused assessment enables decision makers to focus environmental management to have the greatest impacts and to identify opportunities to build on synergies and reduce trade-offs between particular SDGs. It may enable sectoral decision makers to seek support from environment managers for achieving their goals. We explore cross-cutting issues and the relevance and potential application of our approach in supporting decision making for progress to achieve the SDGs.

Marshaling Resources to Form Small New Ventures: Toward a More Holistic Understanding of Entrepreneurial Support

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Hanlon ◽  
Chad Saunders
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
New Ventures ◽  
Resource Mobilization ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Overall Effectiveness

This article makes two contributions to our understanding of the core entrepreneurial activity of assembling resources to pursue an opportunity. First, a conceptual framework is presented to organize the research on resource mobilization. Second, a study is presented based upon interviews with a random sample of 48 entrepreneurs to identify the supporters whom the entrepreneurs considered to have been key to their success and the resources obtained from these individuals. Results indicate that maximizing the overall effectiveness of resource combinations is a complex undertaking involving trade–offs between the quantity and quality of available resources and the efficiency versus effectiveness of supporters.

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