A two-stage anammox process for the advanced treatment of high-strength ammonium wastewater: Microbial community and nitrogen transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 121148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian-Si Fan ◽  
Yu-Hui Bai ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Quan Zhang ◽  
Jin-Jin Fu ◽  
...  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 867-874 ◽  

<p>In this study, a two-stage anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) system—including a partial nitritation system with a biological selector (PNBS) and a granular activated carbon-based granule anammox process (GAP) —was used for the treatment of real high-strength rare-earth ammonia wastewater (HRAW). A nitrogen removal rate of 89% on average was achieved at the end of the study with the influent total nitrogen concentration of 2200 mg l<sup>-1</sup>. The nitrogen-loading rate (NLR) of 17 kg N/(m<sup>3</sup>×d) was achieved in the PNBS, and a reduced NLR of 6 kg N/(m<sup>3</sup>×d) was maintained in the GAP. To our knowledge, this is the highest NLR applied to a two-stage anammox system. A genetic analysis of the sludge samples revealed that a <em>Nitrosomonas</em><em> sp.</em> was enriched in the PNBS reactor, while, <em>Kuenenia stuttgartiensis</em><sub>,</sub><em> Uncultured bacterium clone KIST-JJY001</em>, and <em>Uncultured anoxic sludge bacterium KU2</em> were enriched in the GAP reactor.</p>


Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilin Wang ◽  
Huicheng Geng ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Zijian Wang ◽  
Yisheng Zhang

The application of the quenching and partitioning (Q-P) process on advanced high-strength steels improves part ductility significantly with little decrease in strength. Moreover, the mechanical properties of high-strength steels can be further enhanced by the stepping-quenching-partitioning (S-Q-P) process. In this study, a two-stage quenching and partitioning (two-stage Q-P) process originating from the S-Q-P process of an advanced high-strength steel 30CrMnSi2Nb was analyzed by the simulation method, which consisted of two quenching processes and two partitioning processes. The carbon redistribution, interface migration, and phase transition during the two-stage Q-P process were investigated with different temperatures and partitioning times. The final microstructure of the material formed after the two-stage Q-P process was studied, as well as the volume fraction of the retained austenite. The simulation results indicate that a special microstructure can be obtained by appropriate parameters of the two-stage Q-P process. A mixed microstructure, characterized by alternating distribution of low carbon martensite laths, small-sized low-carbon martensite plates, retained austenite and high-carbon martensite plates, can be obtained. In addition, a peak value of the volume fraction of the stable retained austenite after the final quenching is obtained with proper partitioning time.


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