Sustainable dyeing of nylon fabric with acid dyes in decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) solvent for improving dye uptake and reducing raw material consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 279 ◽  
pp. 123480
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asad Saleem ◽  
Liujun Pei ◽  
Muhammad Faizan Saleem ◽  
Sumaira Shahid ◽  
Jiping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Acid Dyes ◽  
Nylon Fabric

scholarly journals Using Satellite Data to Analyse Raw Material Consumption in Hanoi, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Alessandro Novellino ◽  
Teresa J. Brown ◽  
Tom Bide ◽  
Nguyễn Thị Thục Anh ◽  
Evi Petavratzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Land Conservation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Sand And Gravel ◽  
Agricultural Areas

In this work, we provide an innovative route for analysing urban expansion and population growth and their link to the consumption of construction materials by combining satellite data with material consumption analysis within the Hanoi Province (Vietnam). Urban expansion is investigated with the use of landcover maps for the period 1975–2020 derived from satellite. During this period, artificial surfaces and agricultural areas have increased by 11.6% and 15.5%, respectively, while forests have decreased by 26.7%. We have used publicly available datasets to calculate and forecast the construction materials consumption and measure its statistical correlation with urban expansion between 2007 and 2018. Our results show that official figures for sand consumption are currently underestimated, and that by 2030, steel and sand and gravel consumption will increase even further by three and two times, respectively. Our analysis uses a new method to assess urban development and associated impacts by combining socio-economic and Earth Observation datasets. The analysis can provide evidence, underpin decision-making by authorities, policymakers, urban planners and sustainability experts, as well as support the development of informed strategies for resource consumption. It can also provide important information for identifying areas of land conservation and ecological greenways during urban planning.

scholarly journals Continuous-Flow Processes for the Production of Floxacin Intermediates: Efficient C–C Bond Formation through a Rapid and Strong Activation of Carboxylic Acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. e128-e132
Author(s):  
Shao-Zheng Guo ◽  
Zhi-Qun Yu ◽  
Wei-Ke Su
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Bond Formation ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Tank Reactor ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
Flow Processes

AbstractThe development of highly efficient C–C bond formation methods for the synthesis of ethyl 2-(2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl)-3-(dimethylamino)acrylate 1 in continuous flow processes has been described, which is based on the concept of rapid and efficient activation of carboxylic acid. 2,4-Dichloro-5-fluorobenzoic acid is rapidly converted into highly reactive 2,4-dichloro-5-fluorobenzoyl chloride by treating with inexpensive and less-toxic solid bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate. And then it rapidly reacts with ethyl 3-(dimethylamino)acrylate to afford the desired 1. This process can be performed under mild conditions. Compared with the traditional tank reactor process, less raw material consumption, higher product yield, less reaction time, higher operation safety ensured by more the environmentally friendly procedure, and process continuity are achieved in the continuous-flow system.

NATURE-BASED SOLUTIONS FOR CLIMATE RESILIENT BUILDINGS AND CITIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Widera
Keyword(s):  
Urban Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
End User ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Sustainable Urbanization ◽  
And Performance

The paper addresses the topic of nature-based solutions applied in the architectural and urban design. These ideas are analyzed in the context of the opportunities they create for the humanity in terms of the sustainable growth and environmental protection. Nature-based solutions are inherently taken from nature. The first part of the paper presents their tremendous potential to be energy and resource-efficient, and resilient to change. In the second part of the research particular concepts driven from nature (copied form nature or inspired by nature) proposed for the buildings and cities are described and evaluated. The author discusses their functional usefulness, spatial appropriateness, adaptation to local conditions, end-user comfort, environmental benefits and the possibility of duplication. Nature-based solutions applied in urban planning can make cities more climate resilient and contribute to ecosystems restoration. The paper describes how sustainable urbanization can stimulate economic growth, make cities more attractive and enhance well-being of the inhabitants. It is also explained how particular buildings can benefit from the concepts driven from nature e.g. by increasing their energy efficiency and performance in terms of raw material consumption. In purpose to properly response to the climate challenge, humanity has to establish a new kind of partnership with nature. Using nature-based solutions should be considered as an important part of this approach. The concepts presented in this paper show some of the most promising options, such as integration of living systems with built systems and innovative combinations of soft and hard engineering. In conclusion some of the most promising nature-based solutions for climate resilient buildings and cities are indicated

Synthesis of amino-terminated hyperbranched polymers and their application in microfiber synthetic leather base dyeing

2012 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longfang Ren ◽  
Guohui Zhao ◽  
Taotao Qiang ◽  
Xuechuan Wang ◽  
Na Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Hyperbranched Polymers ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Relative Molecular Mass ◽  
Dye Uptake ◽  
Synthetic Leather ◽  
Diethylene Triamine ◽  
Primary Amino

In the current study, amino-terminated hyperbranched polymers (NH2-HBP) were synthesized by Michael addition reaction in which N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide (MBA) and diethylene triamine (DETA) were used as raw materials, and water was used as a solvent. Reaction temperature, raw material ratio, and reaction time were optimized via single-factor experiments in which the production rate and primary amino content were used as indexes. The results showed that the mol ratio of MBA to DETA was 1:1.1, the temperature was 70°C, and reaction time was 24 h. Under this condition, the primary amino content of NH2-HBP was 2.83 mmol/g, and the yield was 91.16%. The NH2-HBP structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance. Moreover, the relative molecular mass distribution of NH2-HBP was also determined by gel permeation chromatography. As an active substance, NH2-HBP was grafted onto the polyamide microfiber synthetic leather used in clothes, and organic phosphine was used as a cross-linking agent. The change in dye uptake, surface chroma, and resistance to dry-rub and wet-rub fastness properties was discussed. When the NH2-HBP dosage was 5.5%, the dye uptake improved from 56.89% to 94.85% (an increase of almost 61%). The surface chroma also deepened, the dry-rub fastness improved from 3.0 to 4.5, and the wet-rub fastness improved from 2.5 to 3.5.

Exploring China’s Materialization Process with Economic Transition: Analysis of Raw Material Consumption and Its Socioeconomic Drivers

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 5025-5032 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heming Wang ◽  
Xin Tian ◽  
Hiroki Tanikawa ◽  
Miao Chang ◽  
Seiji Hashimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Transition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Socioeconomic Drivers

scholarly journals Bancada para portador de necessidades especiais

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 2573-2585
Author(s):  
José Antonio castro Bartelega ◽  
Joyce Maria de Sylva Tavares Bartelega ◽  
Luis Felipe dos Reis Montemor ◽  
Vinicius Hasmann Dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Special Needs ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Consumption ◽  
Compact Structure

Visto que a área de mecânica de produção não possui espaço para portadores de necessidades especiais, o que reflete na não-disposição de vagas, devido à falta de equipamentos que possibilitem a realização de seu respectivo serviço,  surgiu a ideia da criação de uma “Bancada Ajustável”, que por sua vez introduziria o portador de necessidades especiais no ramo da mecânica industrial, com foco principal no setor de ajustagem, incluindo-o profissional e socialmente, justapondo a lei nº 12.435. Isso de forma a priorizar a utilização de materiais ecológicos e de baixo impacto ambiental, no caso aço – perfil vazado – e madeira plástica de procedência reciclável, tendo ainda uma estrutura simples e compacta, uma vez que sua área de ocupação é por volta de 1m² (um metro quadrado), o que influi na redução do consumo de matéria-prima. O projeto foi baseado na NBR 9050, visando ao conforto e à praticidade em sua utilização. De acordo com pesquisas de campo, conclui-se que o projeto é interessante, tanto para o funcionário quanto para a empresa. É valido ressaltar que a Bancada pode ser usufruída por funcionários em geral, sendo eles portadores de necessidades especiais ou não, de qualquer forma, proporcionando conforto e mobilidade.     Since the production mechanics area has no space for people with special needs, which reflects in the non-availability of vacancies, due to the lack of equipment which makes it possible to perform their respective service, the idea of creating an "Adjustable Bench" arose, which in turn would introduce the special needs bearer in the industrial mechanics field, focusing mainly on the adjustment sector, including him professionally and socially, juxtaposing law no. 12,435. This in order to prioritize the use of ecological and low environmental impact materials, in this case steel - hollow profile - and plastic wood from recyclable sources, also having a simple and compact structure, since its occupation area is around 1m² (one square meter), which influences in the reduction of raw material consumption. The project was based on the NBR 9050, aiming at comfort and practicality in its use. According to field research, it was concluded that the project is interesting, both for the employee and for the company. It is worth mentioning that the bench can be used by employees in general, whether they have special needs or not, in any way, providing comfort and mobility.  

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