A case of intravenous line occlusion when using Acetated Ringer's solution and remimazolam

In frog ventricular strips bathed in Ca-free Ringer's solution containing 6–30 mm/liter Mg and treated with conditioning current pulses, propagation became impaired. An exaggerated foot, or prepotential, was consistently more prominent when the conditioned strip was stimulated from one end than from the other. Occasionally a prepotential in isolation alternated with a prepotential plus action potential response. After further treatment with current pulses, propagation failed in the direction of negative current flow. Thresholds of impaled cells were identical. Bidirectional propagation was restored in Ringer's solution. Conditioning pulses of reversed polarity induced unidirectional propagation in the reverse direction. Propagation in frog sartorius muscle was not blocked under similar conditions. Prepotentials and unidirectional propagation may be explained by junctional transmission from cell to cell.

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Effects of Cryoprotective Medium Composition, Dilution Ratio, and Freezing Rates on Spotted Halibut (Verasper variegatus) Sperm Cryopreservation

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10112153 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2153

Author(s):

Irfan Zidni ◽

Yun Ho Lee ◽

Jung Yeol Park ◽

Hyo Bin Lee ◽

Jun Wook Hur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Previous Experiment ◽

Activity Index ◽

Medium Composition ◽

Freezing Rate ◽

Dilution Ratio ◽

Sperm Cryopreservation ◽

Ringer’S Solution ◽

Potential Market ◽

Spotted Halibut ◽

Cryopreservation Protocol

The spotted halibut is species that has a high potential market value in Korea, but the supply of seed is unstable because of the limited milt production of males. The objective of this research was to explore different aspects, such as CPAs, diluents, dilution ratio, and freezing rates, to develop an optimal sperm cryopreservation. The parameters assessed were movable sperm ratio, sperm activity index, survival rate, and DNA damage. The CPAs tested in this research were propylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), methanol, ethylene glycol, and glycerol. Different diluents, including 300 mM sucrose, 300 mM glucose, Stain’s solution, and Ringer’s solution, were investigated. The previous experiment showed that the optimal CPA for cryopreservation was DMSO with a concentration of 15% with 300 mM as diluent. To determine the effect of the dilution ratio, sperm was diluted to 1:1, 1:2, 1:10, 1:100, and 1:1000 with 300 mM sucrose containing DMSO at a final concentration of 15%. Lastly, the optimal freezing rate of the sperm was evaluated with four different freezing rates (−1, −5, −10, and −20 °C/min). Post-thaw sperm motility was higher with a dilution ratio lower than 1:2, and the freezing rate was less than −5 °C/min. In conclusion, these findings represent the development of a cryopreservation protocol for spotted halibut.

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Stereotactic cisternal lavage in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage with urokinase and nimodipine for the prevention of secondary brain injury (SPLASH): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-021-05208-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Roland Roelz ◽

Fabian Schubach ◽

Volker A. Coenen ◽

Carolin Jenkner ◽

Christian Scheiwe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Neurological Outcome ◽

Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽

Standard Of Care ◽

Secondary Brain Injury ◽

Ringer’S Solution ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Therapy Protocol

Abstract Background Delayed cerebral infarction (DCI) is a major cause of death and poor neurological outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Direct intrathecal therapies with fibrinolytic and spasmolytic drugs have appeared promising in clinical trials. However, access to the subarachnoid space for intrathecal drug administration is an unsolved problem so far, especially in patients with endovascular aneurysm securing. We investigate a therapy protocol based on stereotactic catheter ventriculocisternostomy (STX-VCS), a new approach to overcome this problem. The primary objective of this study is to assess whether cisternal lavage with urokinase, nimodipine, and Ringer’s solution administered via a stereotactically implanted catheter into the basal cisterns (= investigational treatment (IT)) is safe and improves neurological outcome in patients with aSAH. Methods This is a randomized, controlled, parallel-group, open-label phase II trial. Fifty-four patients with severe aSAH (WFNS grade ≥ 3) will be enrolled at one academic tertiary care center in Southern Germany. Patients will be randomized at a ratio of 1:1 to receive either standard of care only or standard of care plus the IT. The primary endpoint is the proportion of subjects with a favorable outcome on the Modified Rankin Scale (defined as mRS 0–3) at 6 months after aSAH. Further clinical and surrogate outcome parameters are defined as secondary endpoints. Discussion New approaches for the prevention and therapy of secondary brain injury in patients with aSAH are urgently needed. We propose this RCT to assess the clinical safety and efficacy of a novel therapy protocol for intrathecal administration of urokinase, nimodipine, and Ringer’s solution. Trial registration Deutsches Register Klinischer Studien (German Clinical Trials Register), DRKS00015645. Registered on 8 May 2019

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Luteotrophic effects of relaxin, chorionic gonadotrophin and FSH in common marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus)

Reproduction ◽

10.1530/rep-09-0257 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 139 (5) ◽

pp. 923-930 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nicola Beindorff ◽

Almuth Einspanier

Keyword(s):

Early Pregnancy ◽

Luteal Phase ◽

Common Marmoset ◽

Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽

Traditional Role ◽

Local Effects ◽

Ringer’S Solution ◽

Late Luteal Phase ◽

Marmoset Monkeys

In early pregnant primates, relaxin (RLX) is highly upregulated within the corpus luteum (CL), suggesting that RLX may have an important role in the implantation of the blastocyst. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the local effects of RLX and gonadotrophins on the maintenance of the CL using anin vitromicrodialysis system. CLs of common marmoset monkeys were collected by luteectomy during different stages of the luteal phase and early pregnancy. Each CL was perfused with either Ringer's solution alone or Ringer's solution supplemented with either porcine RLX (250, 500 and 1000 ng/ml) or gonadotrophins (50 IU/ml). Application of RLX provoked a significant luteal response of progesterone (P4) and oestradiol (E2) secretions during the mid-luteal phase (500 ng/ml: P454±42%, E224±11%; 1000 ng/ml: E216±13%), and especially during the late luteal phase (250 ng/ml: P453±10%; 500 ng/ml: P444±15%; 1000 ng/ml: P462±15%, E218±7%). The effects of RLX on steroid secretion were irrespective of the RLX dosages. While treatment with human chorionic gonadotrophin did not affect luteal steroid or RLX secretion, the application of FSH resulted in a significant increase in the secretion of both P4(20±8%) and E2(37±28%), and a prominent rise in RLX during early pregnancy. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that RLX and FSH have a luteotrophic function in the marmoset monkeys; moreover, FSH has a function beyond its traditional role just as a follicle-stimulating hormone.

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Rapid Infusion of Hydroxyethyl Starch 70/0.5 but not Acetate Ringer’s Solution Decreases the Plasma Concentration of Propofol during Target-controlled Infusion

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/aln.0000000000001184 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 125 (2) ◽

pp. 304-312 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Sayako Itakura ◽

Kenichi Masui ◽

Tomiei Kazama

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Plasma Concentration ◽

Indocyanine Green ◽

Blood Volume ◽

Hydroxyethyl Starch ◽

Hepatic Blood Flow ◽

Disappearance Rate ◽

Rapid Infusion ◽

Ringer’S Solution ◽

Target Controlled Infusion

Abstract Background Rapid fluid infusion resulting in increased hepatic blood flow may decrease the propofol plasma concentration (Cp) because propofol is a high hepatic extraction drug. The authors investigated the effects of rapid colloid and crystalloid infusions on the propofol Cp during target-controlled infusion. Methods Thirty-six patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 interventions (12 patients per group). At least 30 min after the start of propofol infusion, patients received either a 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution at 24 ml·kg−1·h−1 or acetated Ringer’s solution at 24 or 2 ml·kg−1·h−1 during the first 20 min. In all groups, acetated Ringer’s solution was infused at 2 ml·kg−1·h−1 during the next 20 min. The propofol Cp was measured every 2.5 min as the primary outcome. Cardiac output, blood volume, and indocyanine green disappearance rate were determined using a pulse dye densitogram analyzer before and after the start of fluid administration. Effective hepatic blood flow was calculated as the blood volume multiplied by the indocyanine green disappearance rate. Results The rapid HES infusion significantly decreased the propofol Cp by 22 to 37%, compared to the Cp at 0 min, whereas the rapid or maintenance infusion of acetate Ringer’s solution did not decrease the propofol Cp. Rapid HES infusion, but not acetate Ringer’s solution infusion, increased the effective hepatic blood flow. Conclusions Rapid HES infusion increased the effective hepatic blood flow, resulting in a decreased propofol Cp during target-controlled infusion. Rapid HES infusion should be used cautiously as it may decrease the depth of anesthesia.

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Kinetics of dissolution of gaseous halothane in Krebs-Ringer’s solution

Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie ◽

10.1007/bf03008350 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 39 (9) ◽

pp. 980-986 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marshall S. Millman ◽

Michael Young

Keyword(s):

Ringer’S Solution ◽

Kinetics Of Dissolution ◽

Kinetics Of

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Kinetics of Isotonic and Hypertonic Plasma Volume Expanders

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-200206000-00016 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 96 (6) ◽

pp. 1371-1380 ◽

Cited By ~ 98

Author(s):

Dan Drobin ◽

Robert G. Hahn

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Analysis ◽

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Plasma Volume ◽

Dynamic Properties ◽

Dose Effect ◽

Plasma Volume Expansion ◽

Time Curve ◽

Ringer’S Solution ◽

Lactated Ringer's Solution ◽

Infusion Fluids

Background Major differences in plasma volume expansion between infusion fluids are fairly well known, but there is a lack of methods that express their dynamic properties. Therefore, a closer description enabled by kinetic modeling is presented. Methods Ten healthy male volunteers received, on different occasions, a constant-rate intravenous infusion over 30 min consisting of 25 ml/kg of 0.9% saline, lactated Ringer's solution, acetated Ringer's solution, 5 ml/kg of 7.5% saline, or 3 ml/kg of 7.5% saline in 6% dextran. One-, two-, and three-volume kinetic models were fitted to the dilution of the total venous hemoglobin concentration over 240 min. Osmotic fluid shifts were considered when hypertonic fluid was infused. Results All fluids induced plasma dilution, which decreased exponentially after the infusions. The ratio of the area under the dilution-time curve and the infused fluid volume showed the following average plasma-dilution dose-effect (efficiency), using 0.9% saline as the reference (= 1): lactated Ringer's solution, 0.88; acetated Ringer's solution, 0.91; hypertonic saline, 3.97; and hypertonic saline in dextran, 7.22 ("area approach"). Another comparison, based on kinetic analysis and simulation, showed that the strength of the respective fluids to dilute the plasma by 20% within 30 min was 0.94, 0.97, 4.44, and 6.15 ("target dilution approach"). Between-subject variability was approximately half as high for the latter approach. Conclusions The relative efficiency of crystalloid infusion fluids differs depending on whether the entire dilution-time profile or only the maximum dilution is compared. Kinetic analysis and simulation is a useful tool for the study of such differences.

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