Acquired paralytic strabismus in Southern Taiwan

Anxiety (e.g., Dallos, 1976, 2006; Krashen, 2003, 2016) sometimes might be unavoidable in the learning process, because the cognitive and intellectual systems are usually connected with emotional factors. This empirical study was conducted in an English majors’ advanced-level writing course to explore relevant explanations about why Taiwanese university students experienced “anxiety” (Tomlinson, 1981, 2016). Seventeen participants of junior grade at a southern Taiwan university had cooperated with their teacher to examine their anxiety occurring during writing in English. The findings discovered five key issues explaining their apprehension including mentioned (1) time restriction, (2) teacher evaluation, (3) peer competition, (4) uninteresting writing topics. The fifth factor repeated by most of the student is displayed by this study. The study implies the anxiety should be a negative impact upon language learning.

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Source water of two-pronged northward flow in the southern Taiwan Strait in summer

Journal of Oceanography ◽

10.1007/s10872-011-0036-1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. 385-393 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Huasheng Hong ◽

Chen-Tung Arthur Chen ◽

Yuwu Jiang ◽

Jiann-Yuh Lou ◽

Zhaozhang Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Taiwan Strait ◽

Source Water ◽

Southern Taiwan

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Co-variation of silicate, carbonate and sulfide weathering drives CO2 release with erosion

Nature Geoscience ◽

10.1038/s41561-021-00714-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 211-216

Author(s):

Aaron Bufe ◽

Niels Hovius ◽

Robert Emberson ◽

Jeremy K. C. Rugenstein ◽

Albert Galy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Erosion Rate ◽

Global Climate ◽

Stream Water ◽

Sulfide Oxidation ◽

Silicate Weathering ◽

Emission Rates ◽

Mountain Ranges ◽

Weathering Rates ◽

Southern Taiwan ◽

Co2 Release

AbstractGlobal climate is thought to be modulated by the supply of minerals to Earth’s surface. Whereas silicate weathering removes carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, weathering of accessory carbonate and sulfide minerals is a geologically relevant source of CO2. Although these weathering pathways commonly operate side by side, we lack quantitative constraints on their co-variation across erosion rate gradients. Here we use stream-water chemistry across an erosion rate gradient of three orders of magnitude in shales and sandstones of southern Taiwan, and find that sulfide and carbonate weathering rates rise with increasing erosion, while silicate weathering rates remain steady. As a result, on timescales shorter than marine sulfide compensation (approximately 106–107 years), weathering in rapidly eroding terrain leads to net CO2 emission rates that are at least twice as fast as CO2 sequestration rates in slow-eroding terrain. We propose that these weathering reactions are linked and that sulfuric acid generated from sulfide oxidation boosts carbonate solubility, whereas silicate weathering kinetics remain unaffected, possibly due to efficient buffering of the pH. We expect that these patterns are broadly applicable to many Cenozoic mountain ranges that expose marine metasediments.

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A bioeconomic approach towards improved fishery management of Monomia haanii in the southern Taiwan Strait, China

Fisheries Research ◽

10.1016/j.fishres.2021.105969 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 240 ◽

pp. 105969

Author(s):

Robert Boenish ◽

Bai-an Lin ◽

Jacob P. Kritzer ◽

Michael J. Wilberg ◽

Chang-chun Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fishery Management ◽

Taiwan Strait ◽

Southern Taiwan

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Assessment of Rainfall-Induced Landslide Distribution Based on Land Disturbance in Southern Taiwan

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi10040209 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 209

Author(s):

Chih-Ming Tseng ◽

Yie-Ruey Chen ◽

Chwen-Ming Chang ◽

Yung-Sheng Chue ◽

Shun-Chieh Hsieh

Keyword(s):

Satellite Image ◽

Extreme Rainfall ◽

Land Area ◽

Rainfall Events ◽

Land Disturbance ◽

Bare Land ◽

Southern Taiwan ◽

The Impact ◽

Landslide Distribution ◽

The Relationship

This study explores the impact of rainfall on the followed-up landslides after a severe typhoon and the relationship between various rainfall events and the occurrence, scale, and regional characteristics of the landslides, including second landslides. Moreover, the influence of land disturbance was evaluated. The genetic adaptive neural network was used in combination with the texture analysis of the geographic information system for satellite image classification and interpretation to analyze land-use change and retrieve disaster records and surface information after five rainfall events from Typhoon Morakot (2009) to Typhoon Nanmadol (2011). The results revealed that except for extreme Morakot rains, the greater the degree of slope disturbance after rain, the larger the exposed slope. Extreme rainfall similar to Morakot strikes may have a greater impact on the bare land area than on slope disturbance. Moreover, the relationship between the bare land area and the index of land disturbance condition (ILDC) is positive, and the ratio of the bare land area to the quantity of bare land after each rainfall increases with the ILDC. With higher effective accumulative rainfall on the slope in the study area or greater slope disturbance, the landslide area at the second landslide point tended to increase.

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Development of the Adherence to Healthy Behaviors Scale

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/1054773820988629 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105477382098862

Author(s):

Chen-Hui Huang ◽

Dhea Natashia ◽

Tzu-Chia Lin ◽

Miaofen Yen

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Model Fit ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Healthy Behaviors ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Reliable Instrument ◽

Principal Axis Factor Analysis ◽

Southern Taiwan ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Adherence to healthy behaviors is a protective factor in the disease progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Measuring adherence can lead to the recognition of unhealthy behaviors and the suggestion of programs to prevent poor health outcomes. An assessment measurement for patients with CKD not requiring dialysis was developed and psychometrically tested. A convenience sample ( n = 330) of patients with CKD attending a nephrology clinic in southern Taiwan completed the 13-item Adherence to Healthy Behaviors Scale (AHBS). A principal axis factor analysis and a parallel analysis demonstrated a three-factor structure accounting for 47.16% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit. The criterion-related validity was adequate ( r = .51; p < .000), with a Cronbach’s alpha of .70; the test-retest reliability demonstrated good stability ( r = .70; p < .000). The AHBS is a valid, reliable instrument to assess adherence to healthy behaviors among patients with CKD.

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Associations among Heavy Metals and Proteinuria and Chronic Kidney Disease

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11020282 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 282

Author(s):

Hui-Ju Tsai ◽

Chih-Hsing Hung ◽

Chih-Wen Wang ◽

Hung-Pin Tu ◽

Chiu-Hui Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

General Population ◽

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Synergistic Effects ◽

Blood Lead ◽

Southern Taiwan ◽

The Mean ◽

Traditional Risk Factors

Background: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing annually in Taiwan. In addition to traditional risk factors, heavy metals contribute to the development of CKD. The aim of this study was to investigate associations among heavy metals and proteinuria and CKD in the general population in Southern Taiwan. We also explored the interaction and synergetic effects among heavy metals on proteinuria. Methods: We conducted a health survey in the general population living in Southern Taiwan between June 2016 and September 2018. Seven heavy metals were measured: blood lead (Pb) and urine nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), arsenic (As), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd). Proteinuria was measured using reagent strips. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Results: The mean age of the 2447 participants was 55.1 ± 13.2 years and included 977 males and 1470 females. Participants with high blood Pb and high urine Ni, Mn, Cu, and Cd were significantly associated with proteinuria. Interactions between blood Pb and urine Cr, and between urine Cd and Cu, had significant effects on proteinuria. The participants with high blood Pb and high urine Cu were significantly associated with an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Conclusion: High blood Pb and high urine Cu may be associated with proteinuria and an eGFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. High urine Ni, Mn, and Cd were significantly associated with proteinuria. Co-exposure to Cd and Cu, and Pb and Cr, may have synergistic effects on proteinuria.

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Characterizations of Clinical Isolates of Clostridium difficile by Toxin Genotypes and by Susceptibility to 12 Antimicrobial Agents, Including Fidaxomicin (OPT-80) and Rifaximin: a Multicenter Study in Taiwan

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00191-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 56 (7) ◽

pp. 3943-3949 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Chun-Hsing Liao ◽

Wen-Chien Ko ◽

Jang-Jih Lu ◽

Po-Ren Hsueh

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Care Setting ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Binary Toxin ◽

Content Type ◽

Vancomycin Mics ◽

Major Teaching ◽

Southern Taiwan

ABSTRACTA total of 403 nonduplicate isolates ofClostridium difficilewere collected at three major teaching hospitals representing northern, central, and southern Taiwan from January 2005 to December 2010. Of these 403 isolates, 170 (42.2%) were presumed to be nontoxigenic due to the absence of genes for toxins A or B or binary toxin. The remaining 233 (57.8%) isolates carried toxin A and B genes, and 39 (16.7%) of these also had binary toxin genes. The MIC90of all isolates for fidaxomicin and rifaximin was 0.5 μg/ml (range, ≤0.015 to 0.5 μg/ml) and >128 μg/ml (range, ≤0.015 to >128 μg/ml), respectively. All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole (MIC90of 0.5 μg/ml; range, ≤0.03 to 4 μg/ml). Two isolates had reduced susceptibility to vancomycin (MICs, 4 μg/ml). Only 13.6% of isolates were susceptible to clindamycin (MIC of ≤2 μg/ml). Nonsusceptibility to moxifloxacin (n= 81, 20.1%) was accompanied by single or multiple mutations ingyrAandgyrBgenes in all but eight moxifloxacin-nonsusceptible isolates. Two previously unreportedgyrBmutations might independently confer resistance (MIC, 16 μg/ml), Ser416 to Ala and Glu466 to Lys. Moxifloxacin-resistant isolates were cross-resistant to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, but some moxifloxacin-nonsusceptible isolates remained susceptible to gemifloxacin or nemonoxacin at 0.5 μg/ml. This study found the diversity of toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains ofC. difficilein the health care setting in Taiwan. All isolates tested were susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin. Fidaxomicin exhibited potentin vitroactivity against all isolates tested, while the more than 10% of Taiwanese isolates with rifaximin MICs of ≥128 μg/ml raises concerns.

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