Hepatitis E virus seroprevalence and risk factors for individuals in working contact with animals

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Chaussade ◽  
Emma Rigaud ◽  
Aurore Allix ◽  
Audrey Carpentier ◽  
Antoine Touzé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E

scholarly journals Infection dynamics and persistence of hepatitis E virus on pig farms – a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Meester ◽  
T. J. Tobias ◽  
M. Bouwknegt ◽  
N. E. Kusters ◽  
J. A. Stegeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Slaughter Pigs

Abstract Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 and 4 is a zoonosis that causes hepatitis in humans. Humans can become infected by consumption of pork or contact with pigs. Pigs are the main reservoir of the virus worldwide and the virus is present on most pig farms. Main body Though HEV is present on most farms, the proportion of infected pigs at slaughter and thus the level of exposure to consumers differs between farms and countries. Understanding the cause of that difference is necessary to install effective measures to lower HEV in pigs at slaughter. Here, HEV studies are reviewed that include infection dynamics of HEV in pigs and on farms, risk factors for HEV farm prevalence, and that describe mechanisms and sources that could generate persistence on farms. Most pigs become infected after maternal immunity has waned, at the end of the nursing or beginning of the fattening phase. Risk factors increasing the likelihood of a high farm prevalence or proportion of actively infected slaughter pigs comprise of factors such as farm demographics, internal and external biosecurity and immunomodulating coinfections. On-farm persistence of HEV is plausible, because of a high transmission rate and a constant influx of susceptible pigs. Environmental sources of HEV that enhance persistence are contaminated manure storages, water and fomites. Conclusion As HEV is persistently present on most pig farms, current risk mitigation should focus on lowering transmission within farms, especially between farm compartments. Yet, one should be aware of the paradox of increasing the proportion of actively infected pigs at slaughter by reducing transmission insufficiently. Vaccination of pigs may aid HEV control in the future.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus Infection Among Solid Organ Transplant Recipients at a North American Transplant Center

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Sue ◽  
Nora Pisanic ◽  
Christopher D. Heaney ◽  
Michael Forman ◽  
Alexandra Valsamakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
North America ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Solid Organ Transplant Recipients

Abstract Background.  Autochthonous hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been reported in over 200 solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients since 2006, yet little is known about the burden of HEV among SOT recipients in North America. We performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with HEV infection among SOT recipients at our institution. Methods.  Children and adults (n = 311) who received allografts between 1988 and 2012 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital were assessed for evidence of HEV infection by testing posttransplantation serum samples for HEV antibody by enzyme immunoassay and HEV RNA by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Individuals with evidence of posttransplant HEV infection (presence of anti-HEV immunoglobulin [Ig]M antibody, anti-HEV IgG seroconversion, or HEV RNA) were compared with individuals without evidence of infection and assessed for risk factors associated with infection. Results.  Twelve individuals (4%) developed posttransplant HEV infection. Posttransplant HEV infection was associated with an increased risk for graft rejection (odds ratio, 14.2; P = .03). No individuals developed chronic infection. Conclusions.  Solid organ transplant recipients in the United States are at risk for posttransplant HEV infection. Further studies are needed to characterize environmental risk factors and the risk of HEV infection after SOT in North America.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors of hepatitis E virus infection in cancer patients in eastern China

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng-Jie Bai ◽  
Na Zhou ◽  
Wei Dong ◽  
Guang-Xing Li ◽  
Wei Cong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Hepatitis E

scholarly journals Cirrhosis, Liver Transplantation and HIV Infection Are Risk Factors Associated with Hepatitis E Virus Infection

PLoS ONE ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. e103028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Riveiro-Barciela ◽  
María Buti ◽  
María Homs ◽  
Isabel Campos-Varela ◽  
Carmen Cantarell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Case–Control Study of Risk Factors for Acquired Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Blood Donors, United Kingdom, 2018–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1654-1661
Author(s):  
Iona Smith ◽  
Bengü Said ◽  
Aisling Vaughan ◽  
Becky Haywood ◽  
Samreen Ijaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Control Study

Hepatitis E Virus infection seroprevalence and the associated risk factors in animals raised in Ibadan, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Edem Antia ◽  
Adewole Augustine Adekola ◽  
Afusat Jagun Jubril ◽  
Obokparo Godspower Ohore ◽  
Benjamin Obukowho Emikpe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Three Species of Pet Birds in Northwest China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cong ◽  
Qing-Feng Meng ◽  
Xiao-Feng Shan ◽  
Wu-Wen Sun ◽  
Si-Yuan Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Pet Birds

Hepatitis E virus (HEV), the causative agent of hepatitis E, has been reported in a wide variety of animals, including birds, but little is known of HEV infection in pet birds in northwest China. The objective of the present investigation was to examine HEV seroprevalence in three species of pet birds, namely, Eurasian siskin, Oriental skylark, and black-tailed grosbeak from Gansu. Serum samples collected from 685 pet birds from August 2011 to September 2012 were examined independently for the presence of antibodies against HEV. A total of 59 (8.31%) pet birds were tested positive for HEV antibodies by the commercially available enzyme immunoassay kits. Of these, the seroprevalence was diverse in different species pet birds; the most frequent level was 10.83% (39/360) in Eurasian siskin, followed by 6.57% (19/289) in Oriental skylark, and 2.29% (1/36) in black-tailed grosbeak. Age and collecting region of pet birds were the main risk factors associated with HEV infection. The present study firstly revealed the seroprevalence of HEV infection in three species of pet birds in northwest China, which provided the baseline data for taking comprehensive countermeasures and measures for effectively preventing and controlling HEV infection in birds.

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