Cytomegalovirus sequence variability, amplicon length, and DNase-sensitive non-encapsidated genomes are obstacles to standardization and commutability of plasma viral load results

There is limited data on virologic outcome and its correlates among HIV-infected children in resource-limited settings. We investigated rate and correlates of virologic outcome among treatment naïve HIV-infected Ethiopian children initiating cART, and were followed prospectively at baseline, 8, 12, 24 and 48 weeks using plasma viral load, clinical examination, laboratory tests and pretreatment HIV drug resistance (PDR) screening. Virologic outcome was assessed using two endpoints–virological suppression defined as having “undetectable” plasma viral load < 150 RNA copies/mL, and rebound defined as viral load ≥150 copies/mL after achieving suppression. Cox Proportional Hazards Regression was employed to assess correlates of outcome. At the end of follow up, virologic outcome was measured for 110 participants. Overall, 94(85.5%) achieved virological suppression, of which 36(38.3%) experienced virologic rebound. At 48 weeks, 9(8.2%) children developed WHO-defined virological treatment failure. Taking tenofovir-containing regimen (Hazard Ratio (HR) 3.1-[95% confidence interval (95%CI) 1.0–9.6], p = 0.049) and absence of pretreatment HIV drug resistance (HR 11.7-[95%CI 1.3–104.2], p = 0.028) were independently associated with earlier virologic suppression. In conclusion, PDR and cART regimen type correlate with rate of virologic suppression which was prominent during the first year of cART initiation. However, the impact of viral rebound in 38.3% of the children needs evaluation.

Download Full-text

Proviral HIV-1 DNA in subjects followed since primary HIV-1 infection who suppress plasma viral load after one year of highly active antiretroviral therapy

AIDS ◽

10.1097/00002030-200104130-00001 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 665-673 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

Nicole Ngo-Giang-Huong ◽

Christiane Deveau ◽

Isabelle Da Silva ◽

Isabelle Pellegrin ◽

Alain Venet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Plasma Viral Load ◽

Highly Active ◽

One Year ◽

Hiv 1

Download Full-text

Spontaneous HIV-1 replication in a B-lymphoblastoid cell line obtained from an HIV-1-positive patient with undetectable plasma viral load

AIDS ◽

10.1097/01.aids.0000232248.81780.ec ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (9) ◽

pp. 1340-1342

Author(s):

Liliana Belmonte ◽

Cecilia Parodi ◽

Patricia Bare ◽

Marcelo Corti ◽

Norberto Sanjuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Cell Line ◽

Plasma Viral Load ◽

Lymphoblastoid Cell Line ◽

Positive Patient ◽

Undetectable Plasma ◽

Undetectable Plasma Viral Load ◽

Hiv 1

Download Full-text

Time to viral load suppression and its associated factors in cohort of patients taking antiretroviral treatment in East Shewa Zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia, 2018

10.21203/rs.2.11467/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jemal H Ali

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Marital Status ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Plasma Viral Load ◽

Baseline Viral Load ◽

Rank Test ◽

P Value ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Age Group ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Human immuno-deficiency virus is a virus that causes Acquired Immuno- Deficiency Syndrome. The key goal of ART is to achieve and maintain durable viral suppression. Thus, the most important use of the viral load is to monitor the effectiveness of therapy after initiation of ART. The main objective of the study was to determine the time for virological suppression and its associated factors among people living with HIV taking antiretroviral treatments in East shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia. Methods: The study was conducted in East Shewa zone, Oromiya, Ethiopia from August 2017 to January 2018. Patients diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus presenting to the study health centers between October 3, 2011 and March 1, 2013 were included in the study given the following criteria: age 18 years or greater, eligible to start ART. All patients with baseline viral load measurement were included in the study. Interaction between explanatory variables with the response variable was analyzed by using cross tab features of SPSS, IBM Inc. Significance group comparison was done by Kaplan Meier log rank test. Cox proportional hazard model was used to select significant factors to the variability between groups. Data was collected by using structured questionnaires and interview. A total of ETB 81,120.00 was utilized to carry out the study. Result: plasma viral load was suppressed below detection level in 72% of individuals taking different regimen of ART. The median HIV-1 plasma viral load in the cohort was log 5.3111 copies/ml. Survival curve difference were observed in category of marital status (p-value 0.023) and baseline CD4 values (p-value 0.023) whereas no significant difference were observed in Educational status (p-value 0.404), MUAC (p- value 0.407) BMI(p-value 0.335) and BTB(p-value 0.257). Estimated median time to PVL suppression was 181days (CI: 140.5-221.4) with the age group of 30-39years having minimum time to achieve suppression with 92 days (CI: 60.1-123.8) and the maximum time required to reach the level was age group between 50-59 years. Conclusion: Estimated time to achieve PVL after taking ART was found to be 181 days. Factors affecting time to suppression level was marital status and baseline CD4.

Download Full-text

Genital tract HIV-1 RNA shedding among women with below detectable plasma viral load

AIDS ◽

10.1097/qad.0b013e328344ccf8 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 880-881 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Susan Cu-Uvin ◽

Angela M Caliendo

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Genital Tract ◽

Plasma Viral Load ◽

Detectable Plasma Viral Load ◽

Hiv 1

Download Full-text

Hepatitis C plasma viral load is associated with HCV genotype but not with HIV coinfection

Journal of Medical Virology ◽

10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199604)48:4<339::aid-jmv7>3.0.co;2-8 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 339-343 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

A. Berger ◽

M. v. Depka Prondzinski ◽

H.W. Doerr ◽

H. Rabenau ◽

B. Weber

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Hepatitis C ◽

Plasma Viral Load ◽

Hcv Genotype ◽

Hiv Coinfection

Download Full-text

The interaction between detectable plasma viral load and increased body mass index on hypertension among persons living with HIV

AIDS Care ◽

10.1080/09540121.2019.1668521 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (7) ◽

pp. 890-895 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yunan Xu ◽

Xinguang Chen ◽

Zhi Zhou ◽

Jamie Morano ◽

Robert L. Cook

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Viral Load ◽

Body Mass ◽

Plasma Viral Load ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Detectable Plasma Viral Load ◽

Living With Hiv

Download Full-text

Association between Virus-Specific T-Cell Responses and Plasma Viral Load in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Subtype C Infection

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.77.2.882-890.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 77 (2) ◽

pp. 882-890 ◽

Cited By ~ 116

Author(s):

V. Novitsky ◽

P. Gilbert ◽

T. Peter ◽

M. F. McLane ◽

S. Gaolekwe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

T Cell ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Plasma Viral Load ◽

T Cell Responses ◽

Subtype C ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

T Cell Immune Responses

ABSTRACT Virus-specific T-cell immune responses are important in restraint of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication and control of disease. Plasma viral load is a key determinant of disease progression and infectiousness in HIV infection. Although HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) is the predominant virus in the AIDS epidemic worldwide, the relationship between HIV-1C-specific T-cell immune responses and plasma viral load has not been elucidated. In the present study we address (i) the association between the level of plasma viral load and virus-specific immune responses to different HIV-1C proteins and their subregions and (ii) the specifics of correlation between plasma viral load and T-cell responses within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I HLA supertypes. Virus-specific immune responses in the natural course of HIV-1C infection were analyzed in the gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-enzyme-linked immunospot assay by using synthetic overlapping peptides corresponding to the HIV-1C consensus sequence. For Gag p24, a correlation was seen between better T-cell responses and lower plasma viral load. For Nef, an opposite trend was observed where a higher T-cell response was more likely to be associated with a higher viral load. At the level of the HLA supertypes, a lower viral load was associated with higher T-cell responses to Gag p24 within the HLA A2, A24, B27, and B58 supertypes, in contrast to the absence of such a correlation within the HLA B44 supertype. The present study demonstrated differential correlations (or trends to correlation) in various HIV-1C proteins, suggesting (i) an important role of the HIV-1C Gag p24-specific immune responses in control of viremia and (ii) more rapid viral escape from immune responses to Nef with no restraint of plasma viral load. Correlations between the level of IFN-γ-secreting T cells and viral load within the MHC class I HLA supertypes should be considered in HIV vaccine design and efficacy trials.

Download Full-text