Using applied retrofitting techniques for integration of raw material circulation between industrial plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 104835
Author(s):  
Anita Kovac Kralj
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Material Circulation

Comparative analysis of strong and weak acid pretreatment methods under pressurized and non-pressurized conditions for agro-industrial waste of apple pulp

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1038-1052
Author(s):  
Ece Ümmü Deveci ◽  
Çağdaş Gönen
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Design ◽  
Strong Acid ◽  
Weak Acid ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sugar Concentration ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment ◽  
The Face

It is well known that energy-related emissions have been increasing the global warming and pushing the climate change. In the face of this situation biomass-based biofuels, which is a kind of renewable energy source, are great alternatives instead of fossil derivative fuels. Moreover, biomass can be found easily and widely, which makes it an economical alternative. Biological conversation rate of the biomass to the biofuel is insufficient because of the molecular structure of the biomass. Pretreatment is required to increase the bioavailability of the biomass as the raw material. In this study, weak and strong acid pretreatments are studied under pressurized and non-pressurized conditions for apple pulp as biomass, which is an agro-industrial residue coming from industrial plants. Box-Behnken statistical design is used to determine the optimum level of some factors as time, chemical dose, and raw material dose. While the maximum total sugar concentration was found to be 23.71 g/L with sulfuric acid pretreatment, the reduced sugar concentration under pressurized conditions with strong acid pretreatment was found as 17.00 g/L.

scholarly journals The Secondary and Second-Rate Raw Material Geography

Geografie ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-120
Author(s):  
Ludvík Mištera
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Territorial Differentiation ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Interaction Relations

The author mentions a new branch of geography - the geography of secondary and second-rate raw materials. He demonstrates territorial interaction relations, between the occurrence and sources of the wastes and the waste producers, predominantly industrial plants. He outlines the tasks and aims of the new branch of the manufacture-geography in the space-quantification and qualification as regards the sources, the territorial differentiation, localization and inventarization with respect to the choice of their mutual relations, minimalization of transport and the requirements aimed at an explanation by means of thematic charts.

scholarly journals Selection of Raw Materials for High-Quality Needle Coke

2021 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-18
Author(s):  
A. R. Sirazitdinova ◽  
◽  
R. Sh. Yapaev ◽  
I. G. Lapshin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Needle Coke ◽  
Directed Movement ◽  
Periodic Action ◽  
Laboratory Installation ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Delayed Coking ◽  
Static Conditions ◽  
Heavy Pyrolysis Resin

The aim of the study is to study the possibility of obtaining anisotropic needle coke, using various types of heavy pyrolysis resin, decantoil and a mixture of decantoil and heavy pyrolysis resin as raw materials in laboratory conditions. The coking process was carried out at a temperature of 470°C in a laboratory installation of periodic action in static conditions. A study of the influence of the composition of raw materials on such important indicators of coke as the sulfur content in coke and the assessment of the microstructure according to a special ball technique The production of cokes with a low scoring is due to the fact that under static conditions there is no directed movement of the flow of the raw material mixture, as is realized in industrial plants for delayed coking.

The agribusiness sector as a regional export opportunity: evidence for the Vojvodina region

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Matkovski ◽  
Stanislav Zekić ◽  
Žana Jurjević ◽  
Danilo Đokić
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Policy Measures

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to determine if the agribusiness sector can be an initiator of export on the emerging markets. For this aim, we analyzed export opportunities for the region of Vojvodina, the region in Serbia with the most potential for agribusiness.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses the Comparative Advantage Index and the Index of Intra-industrial Integration to determine the region's level of comparative advantage and the market's level of integration on the main emerging markets.FindingsThe results show that this region has the most competitive advantages in crop production – primarily in cereals and industrial plants – but the situation is not favorable for livestock production. Because of this, comparative advantage should be used as a factor for the growth of competitiveness in the sectors for which crop products are the raw material base. At the same time, agricultural policy measures should encourage more intensive agricultural production, which could create a better foundation for progress in the food industry.Research limitations/implicationsData collected on foreign trade at the level of statistical regions is not always reliable. Also, regional and local characteristics are specific to each country, so the ability to generalize conclusions is limited.Practical implicationsThis paper provides a useful review of the agri-food sector's competitiveness and determines which agri-food segments have competitive advantages. It is essential for policymakers to identify what determinants improve or degrade the competitiveness of the region's agri-food sector.Originality/valueSince there are a limited number of studies analyzing trends of competitiveness for the region's agri-food sector, the paper will contribute to filling this gap. Furthermore, the framework is conceptually innovative in identifying the determinants that create export opportunities for the region on the international market.

Raw material circulation at broad scales in southern Patagonia (Argentina): The cases of the Chico and Santa Cruz River basins

2015 ◽  
Vol 375 ◽  
pp. 72-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Viviana Franco ◽  
Natalia Andrea Cirigliano ◽  
Lucas Vetrisano ◽  
Pablo Ambrústolo
Keyword(s):  
River Basins ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
Santa Cruz River ◽  
Material Circulation

scholarly journals Bioconversion of wood waste to bio-ethylene: A review

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 4411-4437
Author(s):  
Carolina Mónica Mendieta ◽  
Rocío Elizabet Cardozo ◽  
Fernando Esteban Felissia ◽  
Nicolás Martín Clauser ◽  
María Evangelina Vallejos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Ethanol Dehydration ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Environmental Considerations ◽  
Ethanol Recovery ◽  
Ethanol Ethanol ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Bio-based ethylene produced by bioethanol dehydration is an environmentally friendly substitute for oil-based ethylene. It is a low-pollution raw material that can be used to produce high-value bio-based materials. Currently, some industrial plants use first-generation (1G) bioethanol to produce bio-ethylene. However, second-generation (2G) bioethanol is not currently used to produce bio-ethylene because the manufacturing processes are not optimized. The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bio-ethylene involves pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates, the fermentation of sugars to ethanol, ethanol recovery by distillation, and ethanol dehydration to ethylene. This work presents a review of second-generation (2G) bio-ethylene production, analyzing the stages of the process, possible derivatives, uses, and applications. This review also contains technical, economic, and environmental considerations in the possible installation of a biorefinery in the northeast region of Argentina (NEA).

scholarly journals Analisis Beban Kerja Dan Jumlah Tenaga Kerja Pada Bagian Bahan Baku Menggunakan Metode Workload Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Candrianto Candrianto ◽  
Radna Ningsih ◽  
Alpon Satrianto ◽  
Rizki Fadhillah Lubis
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Work Productivity ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Workload Analysis ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Material Section ◽  
Forestry Sector

This research was conducted at PT. XYZ in the garden section, a company engaged in the forestry sector of industrial plants and products that produce HVS paper (such as paper one, otc), paperboard, kiky books, tissue (teas). PT.XYZ manages raw materials that are not in accordance with the target, the purpose of this study is to determine the amount of workload and the number of workers in the garden section at PT. XYZ. To collect the data needed in this study, data collection techniques were used through direct observation of the object under study, interviews and various other reference sources. Data analysis using the Workload Analysis method. From the results of calculations using the method, workload is one aspect that must be considered by every company, and workload must be considered for a worker to get harmony and high work productivity. By using the Workload Analysis method and to find out how much the optimal number of workers is in the raw material section. After analyzing the data using this analysis, it can be obtained that the average workload on the raw material section is 184.39%, which means that the workload is excessive. In order for the workload of each workforce in the garden to be optimal, it is advisable to increase the workload with an average workload of 92.19% so that effectiveness can be achieved.

scholarly journals Awards for the Chemical Industries in Italy, from the Responsible Care Program, Examples of Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Ferruccio Trifirò
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Italian Association ◽  
Responsible Care

In this note are reported the awards of the Responsible Care program of Federchimica the Italian Association of Chemical Industries attributed to industries that operate in the following strategies of Sustainable Development: the modification of the processes in order to decrease the consume of energy and water and to decrease the amount of produced wastes the transformation of the wastes of the industrial plants and of the products on the market in useful products or new raw materials; the use of biomass as raw material; the teaching of Sustainable Development to students and to employees in order to increase safety in the work. The awards have been attributed to projects from 2017 to 2020 realized in industrial plants in Italy or in the towns where the industries have the plants.

Mental representation of economic crisis in Italian and Swiss samples 1The authors would like to thank Maurizio Mistri for his help in the construction of items. This research was supported by a grant from the Italian Murst (ex 40%).

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Savadori ◽  
Eraldo Nicotra ◽  
Rino Rumiati ◽  
Roberto Tamborini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Context ◽  
Cluster Procedure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Important Symptom

The content and structure of mental representation of economic crises were studied and the flexibility of the structure in different social contexts was tested. Italian and Swiss samples (Total N = 98) were compared with respect to their judgments as to how a series of concrete examples of events representing abstract indicators were relevant symptoms of economic crisis. Mental representations were derived using a cluster procedure. Results showed that the relevance of the indicators varied as a function of national context. The growth of unemployment was judged to be by far the most important symptom of an economic crisis but the Swiss sample judged bankruptcies as more symptomatic than Italians who considered inflation, raw material prices and external accounts to be more relevant. A different clustering structure was found for the two samples: the locations of unemployment and gross domestic production indicators were the main differences in representations.

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