Development of a Hadal Microbial In Situ Multi-Stage Filtering and Preserving Device

The unique environment of the hadal zone has created material circulation patterns and biological gene characteristics. Microbes play an irreplaceable role in the ocean ecological environment and material circulation due to their pervasiveness, abundance, and metabolic diversity. In this paper, we designed and developed a microbial sampling device that can be used in a depth of 10,000 m, with its working parts suitable for the full-sea depth. The multi-stage membrane realized the in situ multi-stage filtrations. The samples were in situ fixedly preserved by RNAlater storage solution. At the same time, we modeled and calculated the multi-stage membrane separation and filtration process, simulated the interception phenomenon of particles with different sizes passing through the multi-stage membrane area, and explored the influence of varying inlet velocities. A multi-stage membrane separation and filtration test system was built. The operational characteristics of different filters were compared and analyzed, and the appropriate filter material was selected according to the flow capacity and physical properties. A 100 MPa high-pressure test was carried out to check the device’s performance under a high-pressure environment. The sampler prototype was constructed and tested in the Mariana Trench. The results indicated that the device could work at the deepest point of the Mariana trench.

Impacts of Micro- and Nanoplastics on Photosynthesis Activities of Photoautotrophs: A Mini-Review

The accumulation of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) has attracted immense global attention due to their adverse effects on the environment. Photosynthesis, an interface between non-living matter and living organisms, is very important for both energy flow and material circulation on our planet. Increasing evidence indicates that MNPs can pose direct or indirect stress effects on photoautotrophs, however, our knowledge about them is still limited. The purposes of this mini-review are (1) to review the latest literature of the impacts of MNPs on photosynthesis activities and summarize diverse impacts of MNPs on photosynthesis activities of different photoautotrophs (green plants, microalgae, and cyanobacteria); (2) to discuss the potential action mechanisms in both aquatic and terrestrial environments; and (3) various factors contributing toward these impacts. Additionally, this review provides key future research directions for both researchers and policymakers to better understand and alleviate the environmental impacts of MNPs on our planet.

EXPLORING LOCAL RECIRCULATION OF PAPER WASTE THROUGH UPCYCLING AND ARTISTIC RECYCLING

Local recirculation of materials is a key aspect for a green transition, as it enables materials to be reused in new life cycles locally. In this article, we use the material “paper” as a case study to explore how this material recirculates at the local scales. This article aims at observing and evaluating upcycling scenarios as part of an expansion of local end-of-life possibilities compared to the current situation where paper end-of-life is reduced to a few recycling plants in France and abroad. This work relies on interviews and questionnaires that aim at understanding how paper is used and explored by artists to be recirculated in products. Indicators were tested to provide a methodology to compare different material circulation scenarios in terms of material use, environmental impact and value perception. Collaboration among multiple actors, artists, community centres, schools and industrial players is crucial for scaling up such recirculation loops.

The Toolkit of Nationalist Populism in Contemporary Hungary: Symbols, Objects, and Modalities of Circulation

This article belongs to the special cluster, “National, European, Transnational: Far-right activism in the 20th and 21st centuries”, guest edited by Agnieszka Pasieka. Research on populism attributes great significance to mapping the distinctive discursive logic of populist reasoning (e.g., the trope of pitting corrupt elites against the people). This article aims to move beyond the primary focus on discursive structures to stress the role of symbols, objects, and different modalities of circulation in the political communication of populist ideas, using the case of Hungary. By tracing the history of one of the key symbols of nationalist populism—the image of “Greater Hungary”—from its emergence in the interwar period to its present-day use, the article shows how the meanings and material forms this symbol assumed in political communication that evolved under different political regimes. The analysis builds on extensive archival, ethnographic, and online data to highlight how the diversity of material forms and the conduits through which this image circulated have contributed to its endurance as a key political symbol. Symbols, like the Greater Hungary image, condense complex historical narratives into a powerful sign that can be easily objectified, reproduced, and diffused. Today’s differentiated consumer markets provide convenient conduits for this kind of material circulation. These symbols carry meaning in and of themselves as signs, and once they are turned into everyday objects, they facilitate the normalization of radical politics by increasing their salience and broad visibility.

Fabrication of NiS2 Nanomaterials for Cd2+ Sensing

Heavy metal Cadmium (Cd) will continuously pollute the atmosphere, soil and various water environments through material circulation, and even pose a threat to human safety. It has been designated as a first-class pollutant in sewage by China, therefore there is an urgent need to find new, more effective, and low-cost method to accurately detect Cadmium ion (Cd2+) concentration. We experimentally prepared a new Cd2+ sensor based on NiS2 nanomaterials capable of measuring Cd2+ concentration. The corresponding relationship between over potential of NiS2 nanomaterials in H2SO4 electrolyte solutions with different Cd2+ concentration and reduction peak with change of Cd2+ concentration was obtained by electrochemical method.

Long-lived low Th/U Pacific-type isotopic mantle domain

<p>    The presence of Pacific-type and Indian-type mid-ocean ridge (MORB) isotopic source domains in the upper mantle is a clear manifestation of global-scale mantle compositional heterogeneities. The Indian-type mantle domain is a long-lived feature that can be traced back to, at least, the Palaeozoic Tethyan mantle domain. Little temporal constraints currently exist, however, regarding the longevity of Pacific-type mantle domain. The extinct Paleo-Asia Ocean (PAO), a subsidiary ocean of the Panthalassic Ocean that formed during the breakup of the Rodinia Supercontinent in Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic, can provide a solution to this dilemma. Here, we report the first complete geochemical and Sr, Nd and high-precision Pb isotopic data set for representative mafic rock samples from ophiolites representing remnants of the PAO basement ranging in age from 275 to 624Ma to constrain the composition of their mantle provenance. Data suggest that the sub-PAO mantle has a similar long time-integrated, high Sm/Nd ratio as the global depleted upper mantle, but also shows typical Pacific MORB-like Pb isotopic compositions with lower <sup>207</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb<sub>(t) </sub>and <sup>208</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb<sub>(t)</sub> for given <sup>206</sup>Pb/<sup>204</sup>Pb<sub>(t)</sub> ratios, and low radiogenic <sup>208</sup>Pb*/<sup>206</sup>Pb*, indicating a long time-integrated, low Th/U ratios. Thus, the Pacific-type mantle domain, like the Indian-type mantle domain, is a long-lived secular mantle domain that can be traced back to early Paleozoic or even to the Neoproterozoic. Data further indicate that the Nd and Pb isotopic distinction between such two large-scale and long-term mantle domains is due to the different evolutionary and tectonic histories of the circum-Pacific (PAO, Paleo- and modern Pacific) and sub-Tethys-Indian oceanic mantle realms. The Panthalassic-Pacific ocean realm had remarkable permanency existing as a big ocean at lease throughout the Phanerozoic, that implies that continental materials were limit to recycle into underlying mantle, thus the underlying mantle was relative free of the continental material contamination and then produce the low time-integrated Th/U Pacific-type mantle domain. In contrast, the break-up of the Gondwana supercontinent makes the Tethys realms to experience repeated opening and closures, which transferred large volume of continental materials into the underlying mantle and then produce the high Th/U Indian-type mantle domain. Our results indicate that the high Sm/Nd and low Th/U ratio of Pacific-type mantle domain most likely are an inherited, long-standing intrinsic feature of the depleted upper mantle derived from the Earth's primordial mantle with less contamination of continental materials. In contrast, the large-scale and long-lived Indian-type mantle heterogeneity is produced by plate tectonic-driven continental material circulation in the upper mantle. Such a genetic link between plate tectonics and mantle chemical geodynamics is crucial to our understanding of how the Earth system works.</p><p>    This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (92055208，41772059) and the CAS “Light of West China” Program (2018-XBYJRC-003).</p>

Effect of industrial crop Jerusalem artichoke on the micro-ecological rhizosphere environment in saline soil

Salinity is not only a threat to organisms and ecosystems, but also a major factor restricting the development of agricultural production. This study aimed to explore the modification effect of in-situ Jerusalem artichoke (genotype NY-1) cultivation on the rhizosphere micro-ecological environment in the saline-alkali region along the southeast coast of China. We analyzed the change of carbon and nitrogen in the saline soil from a microbial perspective, through the quantification of the area of root channels, rhizosphere secretions and soil microbiome (cbbL, cbbM and nifH). The root channels of NY-1 not only improved the physical structure of saline soil, but also provided a living space for microorganisms, afforded basic conditions for the optimization of the soil micro-ecological environment. In addition, rhizosphere secretions (from roots of NY-1 as well as microorganisms), such as carbohydrates, hydrocarbons, acids, etc., could be considered as a way to improve the saline-alkali soil habitat. NY-1 increased the diversity and abundance of autotrophic and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in saline soil (rhizosphere > bulk soils), which should be a biological way to increase the amount of carbon and nitrogen fixation in soil. Moreover, some of the detected genera (Sideroxydans, Thiobacillus, Sulfuritalea, Desulfuromonas, etc.) participate in the carbon and nitrogen cycles, and in the biogeochemical cycle of other elements. In short, Jerusalem artichoke can improve not only the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil, but also promote material circulation and energy flow in the micro-ecological rhizosphere environment of saline soils.