scholarly journals The contribution of tipping fees to the operation, maintenance, and management of fecal sludge treatment plants: The case of Ghana

2022 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 114125
Author(s):  
Rebecca Tanoh ◽  
Josiane Nikiema ◽  
Zipporah Asiedu ◽  
Nilanthi Jayathilake ◽  
Olufunke Cofie
Keyword(s):  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Fecal Sludge

scholarly journals Comparative study between conventional and mechanical technology on fecal sludge treatment plants (FSTP) in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 896 (1) ◽  
pp. 012031
Author(s):  
A M Stevani ◽  
P Soewondo
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Collection Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Septic Tank ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Fecal Sludge

Abstract In pursuit of access to wastewater services to reach the target of 100%, it is undeniable that the non-sewer system/on-site system should continue to be developed. The non-sewer system provides low-cost options, making access to wastewater infrastructure more affordable. As a further treatment of the fecal sludge produced from on-site technology such as septic tank, FSTP (Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant) is needed. This study was conducted on 4 FSTPs in Java Island, namely 2 conventional system FSTPs (Keputih FSTP, Surabaya and Betoyoguci FSTP, Gresik) and 2 mechanical system FSTPs (Duri Kosambi FSTP, Jakarta and Sumur Batu FSTP, Bekasi). The research was conducted by comparing performance indicators which are collection, treatment, human resources, and cost-efficiency, representing development priority aspects. Analysis of the development strategy was carried out by SWOT analysis. Based on performance indicator comparison, Duri Kosambi FSTP has the highest collection efficiency among the others. Treatment efficiency ranging around 60%, and human resources efficiency in all FSTPs ranging at 80%. Duri Kosambi FSTP has an acceptable cost efficiency level, while the rest are still dissatisfactory. Development strategy derived from SWOT analysis should include an effort to do scheduled desludging, partial investment from government, adjusting tariff, and optimizing FSTP capacity.

scholarly journals On-Site Fecal Sludge Treatment with the Anaerobic Digestion Pasteurization Latrine

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 898-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron A. Forbis-Stokes ◽  
Patrick F. O'Meara ◽  
Wangare Mugo ◽  
Gelas M. Simiyu ◽  
Marc A. Deshusses
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Fecal Sludge

scholarly journals Application of Process Intensification in the Treatment of Pit Latrine Sludge from Informal Settlements in Blantyre City, Malawi

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3296
Author(s):  
Khumbo Kalulu ◽  
Bernard Thole ◽  
Theresa Mkandawire ◽  
Grant Kululanga
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Fecal Sludge ◽  
Pit Latrine ◽  
Study Process

Many developing countries lack the infrastructure needed for the treatment of fecal sludge. One limitation in implementing available treatment options is the limited availability of land in the urban areas of these countries. This paper investigated the application of process intensification as a way of reducing the land area required to dewater and sanitize pit latrine sludge from informal settlements in Blantyre City, Malawi. The intensification of the sludge treatment process was achieved by enhancing dewatering through the application of additives and by combining the dewatering and sanitization stages. Nine combinations of sludge, lime and rice husk dosages, in addition to a control, were simultaneously loaded on unplanted drying bed units to dewater for 29 days. The study found a significant reduction of 21% to 73% in the land area required to dewater and sanitize pit latrine sludge. From the study, process intensification was shown to have the potential to significantly reduce the land area required to dewater and sanitize pit latrine sludge from informal settlements in Malawi cities. This makes it an option that can be implemented close to informal settlements, despite land limitation in these areas.

scholarly journals Towards an off-grid fecal sludge treatment unit: demonstrating energy positive thermal treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Taylor Myers ◽  
Lars Schoebitz ◽  
Stuart Woolley ◽  
Jaime Sanchez Ferragut ◽  
Jimmy Thostenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Unmet Demand ◽  
Fecal Sludge

Background: There is an unmet demand for community-scale fecal sludge treatment units (FSTUs) that serve communities of between 1,000 and 50,000 people and are able to operate in non-sewered and off-grid environments. An emerging industry standard for FSTUs includes as a key criteria energy independence in steady-state. Theoretically, there is sufficient thermal energy available in fecal sludge to provide the electrical power needed to run the FSTU. However, such a system had never been implemented. Methods: Biomass Controls has previously demonstrated the thermal treatment of fecal sludge using the Biogenic Refinery, a thermal FSTU deployed in three sites in India. In this article we describe testing where a Biogenic Refinery was paired with a thermal fluid heat exchanger and organic Rankine cycle generator to generate electrical power. Results: This Biogenic Refinery combined heat and power system generated sufficient electrical power to offset electrical parasitic loads in steady-state operation and produce a surplus of 1.2 kWe. Conclusions: The results of the study demonstrate that there is an excess of energy available and reliable mechanisms to generate electrical energy using an FSTU. Additional steps are necessary to transition to a true off-grid FSTU.

scholarly journals Development of a Field Laboratory for Monitoring of Fecal-Sludge Treatment Plants

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1153
Author(s):  
Johannes Bousek ◽  
Marco Skodak ◽  
Magdalena Bäuerl ◽  
Georg Ecker ◽  
Jan Spit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Process Monitoring ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Test Setup ◽  
Fecal Sludge

In urban humanitarian-aid operations, safe treatment of fecal sludge is highly important. While currently field-deployable fecal-sludge treatment plants are being developed, field-ready analytical equipment for process-control and public health monitoring is missing. Within the Microbial Sludge Quality project, a field laboratory was developed. A minimum set of parameters for the considered processes was developed through literature research. The analytical methods were tested on their field applicability and, if necessary, modified. The following methods were modified for field use: bacteriological analysis (sample homogenization and counting), chemical oxygen demand (sample digestion), volatile fatty acid–alkalinity titration (redesigned test setup), total solids (redesigned test setup), and ammonia determination (redesigned test setup). For bacteriological analysis, chemical oxygen demand, and total solids the modifications lead to highly comparable analytical results. The results obtained by the field methodology for volatile fatty acid–alkalinity titration and ammonia determination were sufficient for field-process monitoring; however, they did not correlate as well. To enable rapid startup of the laboratory during humanitarian-aid missions, it was developed to include analytical and support equipment. The usage of the developed laboratory should allow close-in-time process monitoring and public-health assessments of fecal-sludge treatment plants.

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