Increasing cover of natural areas at smaller scales can improve the provision of biodiversity and ecosystem services in agroecological mosaic landscapes

2022 ◽  
Vol 303 ◽  
pp. 114248
Author(s):  
Milena Fermina Rosenfield ◽  
Liane Miedema Brown ◽  
Madhur Anand
2022 ◽  
pp. 44-62
Author(s):  
José Cabezas ◽  
José Manuel Naranjo ◽  
Francisco Jesús Moral ◽  
Patricia Bratos

The development carried out in the last decades is degrading the ecosystems, damaging the existing biodiversity. One of the elements that is having the most impact on the deterioration of natural areas is the construction of transport infrastructures, among which are high-speed routes. These linear infrastructures are contributing to the deterioration of biodiversity enclaves, which contribute to providing highly relevant ecosystem services. Among these deteriorations are the processes of fragmentation and alteration of the landscape. This chapter analyses a situation that occurs in Spanish territory related to high-speed railways. This transport system began in Spain on the occasion of the Universal Exhibition of Seville 1992. By this transport activity, the changes suffered in the landscape are calculated and analysed through Corine land cover data since its inception until the last report of 2018.


Author(s):  
Nikolay Sobolev ◽  
Arkady Tishkov ◽  
Elena Belonovskaya ◽  
Petr Glazov ◽  
Konstantin Kobyakov ◽  
...  

The article presents the results of the first two stages of the project on the assessment and mapping changes in the state of the Great Eurasian Natural Tract (GEANT) as a factor of global environmental stability and a source of ecosystem services carried out in the Laboratory for Biogeography of the Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences. We consider biomes or their integrated parts as units of ecosystem cover. An assessment of the state of the natural frame within each biome is given by a combination of losses in size and phytomass of natural ecosystems. GIS analysis of remote sensing data of the study area is carried out basing the concept of actual biogeography. Field verification is carried out by the method of rapid long-distance observations, which allows collecting data on large territories with an accuracy sufficient for the project. Key natural areas are mapped by summarizing data on specially protected and other natural areas for which their high conservation value is showed. The space between the key areas is considered as connecting areas (“corridors”), from which settlements, mining areas and other transformed landscapes are excluded. GEANT is mapped as an integrated biome complex from Fennoscandia to the Pacific. Several biomes are included in the southern edge of the GEANT in only a small part. We identified biomes the most changed as a result of mining, logging, and fires. Biomes are noted with the most significant spread to the north of woody-shrubby vegetation and a rose up of the upper border of the forest distribution. By contrary, in the south of Primorye the lower border of the primary forest distribution rose up because of frequent fires. The strategic principles of the territorial conservation are formulated for biomes depending on the stage of digression of the natural frame. A basis has established for the quantification of GEANT ecosystem services at the final stage of work.


2019 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLINE PICHARILLO ◽  
VICTOR EDUARDO LIMA RANIERI

Abstract The economic tool of Payment for Environmental Services (PES) has been considered as an alternative for the conservation of the biodiversity and ecosystem services in private lands. To guide decision makers in implementing PES schemes, this paper aimed to identify in the scientific literature the important elements to prioritize areas in the implementation of PES-biodiversity schemes. It is claimed that the elements extracted from PES-biodiversity schemes must be used as a reference to guide the implementation of other PES schemes based on the recovery and maintenance of natural areas (e.g. water, carbon, environmental aesthetics conditions). Thus, the sustainability of PES schemes can be guaranteed over time.


Author(s):  
Simone Mamede ◽  
Maristela Benites ◽  
José Sabino ◽  
Cleber José Rodrigues Alho

O turismo de contato com a natureza, quando adequadamente planejado e delineado com princípios de sustentabilidade, pode gerar benefícios socioeconômicos e ambientais que resultam na conservação da sociobiodiversidade. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar a percepção dos visitantes da rota turística Caminho dos Ipês, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil e sua motivação para a prática do ecoturismo nessa região. A investigação foi desenvolvida no período de maio de 2016 a abril de 2017. Para a coleta de dados foi aplicado um formulário semiestruturado que buscou identificar o perfil dos visitantes, os municípios mais visitados, a motivação para a visitação, as práticas consideradas ecoturísticas, os atrativos mais valorizados, os elementos da biodiversidade com os quais tiveram maior afinidade e o comprometimento com a conservação dos locais visitados. Os 118 turistas/excursionistas (60,3% mulheres e 39,7% homens) foram originários de 22 cidades brasileiras e de outros dois países (Argentina e Bélgica). Constatou-se que a capital Campo Grande é uma cidade-chave para roteiros integrados de ecoturismo na região devido à localização geográfica, capacidade logística e riqueza em atrativos naturais. Foi registrado que 95% dos visitantes dessa região turística se consideram comprometidos com a conservação e proteção das áreas visitadas. Entre as motivações para a prática do ecoturismo em áreas naturais constata-se uma convergência entre biofilia e valorização dos serviços ecossistêmicos oferecidos pela natureza. O bem-estar provocado por vivenciar os ambientes naturais foi o motivo mais abordado pelos visitantes para a prática do ecoturismo (53,4%), seguido da percepção de sentir-se parte integrante da natureza (50,8%). Os participantes afirmaram que suas preferências ao visitarem áreas naturais em geral são: paisagem (59,3%), água: corredeiras e cachoeiras (48,3%), aves (39,8%), mamíferos (27,1%) e répteis (16,9%). No entanto, o que mais os atraíram para a região turística Caminho dos Ipês foram: riqueza de animais silvestres (44,9%), abundância de água (37,2%), as características do bioma Cerrado (36,4%) e o relevo (30,5%). As práticas mais exercidas nos ambientes naturais visitados foram: contemplação (47,4%), fotografia (39%), observação da vida silvestre (33%), caminhada (33%) e birdwatching (18,6%). Conclui-se que o ecoturismo pode ser uma estratégia positiva para gerar e aprimorar vínculos afetivos com a natureza, bem como para reconhecer e valorizar os serviços ecossistêmicos. Ecotourism in the tourist region Caminho dos Ipês: connections between biophilic identity and use of ecosystem services ABSTRACT The tourism of contact with nature, when properly planned and outlined with principles of sustainability, can generate socio-economic and environmental benefits that result in conservation of sociobiodiversity. The objective of this work was to analyze the perception of the visitors of the Caminho dos Ipês tourist route, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and their motivation to practice ecotourism in this region. The research was carried out from May 2016 to April 2017. A semistructured questionnaire survey was applied to collect data, which sought to identify the profile of visitors, the most visited municipality, the motivation for visitation and practices considered ecotourism, the attractions more valued, the elements of biodiversity with which they had greater affinity and the compromise with the conservation of the visited places. The 118 tourists/excursionists (60.3% women and 39.7% men) originated in 22 Brazilian cities and two other countries (Argentina and Belgium). It was found that the capital Campo Grande is a key city for integrated ecotourism itineraries in the region due to its geographic location, logistic capacity and richness in natural attractions. We recorded that 95% of the visitors of this tourist region consider themselves committed to the conservation and protection of the areas visited. Among the motivations for the practice of ecotourism in natural areas is a convergence between biophilia and appreciation of ecosystem services offered by nature. The well-being generated by experiencing natural environments was the reason most approached by visitors for the practice of ecotourism (53.4%), followed by the perception of pertencing of nature (50.8%). The participants stated that their preferences when visiting natural areas in general are: landscape (59.3%), water: rapids waters and waterfalls (48.3%), birds (39.8%), mammals (27.1%) and reptiles (16.9%). However, what attracted them to the Caminho dos Ipês region were: wild animal wealth (44.9%), abundance of water (37.2%), characteristics of the Cerrado biome (36.4%) and relief (30.5%). The most practiced practices in the natural environments visited were: contemplation (47.4%), photography (39%), wildlife observation (33%), trekking (33%) and birdwatching (18.6%). It is concluded that ecotourism can be a positive strategy to generate and improve affective bonds with nature, as well as to recognize and value ecosystem services. KEYWORDS: Biophilia; Visitor Perceptions; Contemplative Tourism; Natural Environments; Mato Grosso do Sul.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
brendan fisher ◽  
Nelson Grima

Urban, peri-urban forests and other natural areas provide a wide range of material and non-material benefits to people known as ecosystem services. Access to these areas has been linked to improvements in physical and mental health of local populations. In the Spring of 2020, the COVID-19 global pandemic forced many governments to impose a set of restrictions including the closure of businesses and cancelation of events, social distancing and limitation of gatherings, and movement limitations. During this period of restrictions, we conducted a study assessing the importance of urban and peri-urban forests and other natural areas to people living in and around the city of Burlington, Vermont, USA. We evaluated the use and value changes related to these natural areas before and during the period of restrictions. We received over 400 surveys from the local community. The results show that 69.0% of the respondents had increased or greatly increased their visitation rate to these areas, and 80.6% of respondents considered that the importance of these natural areas and access to them either increased or greatly increased. Moreover 25.8% of the sample had either never, or very rarely accessed their local natural areas before the pandemic, but 69.2% of the first time or infrequent visitors reported that having access to these areas during COVID-19 as ‘very important’. People reported that these areas were important for a wide range of activities from exercise to birding, but also reported values related to reducing stress in a time of global chaos. Our results indicate the increasing demand and value of such areas in times of crisis such as COVID-19. Experts in zoonotic disease predict the potential for more frequent pandemic events, thus predicating the importance for continued funding for, maintenance of and improved access to natural areas to our largely urban civilization.


PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0243344
Author(s):  
Nelson Grima ◽  
Will Corcoran ◽  
Corinne Hill-James ◽  
Benjamin Langton ◽  
Haley Sommer ◽  
...  

Urban, peri-urban forests and other natural areas provide a wide range of material and non-material benefits to people known as ecosystem services. Access to these areas has been linked to benefits for physical and mental health of local populations. In the spring of 2020, the COVID-19 global pandemic forced many governments to impose a set of restrictions including the closure of businesses, cancelation of public events and schooling, social distancing, limitations on the size of social gatherings, and travel restrictions. During this period of restrictions, we conducted a study assessing the importance of urban and peri-urban forests and other natural areas to people living in and around the city of Burlington, Vermont, USA. We evaluated the self-reported use and changes in personal importance related to these natural areas before and during the period of restrictions. We received over 400 responses to our field survey. The results show that 69.0% of the respondents had increased or greatly increased their visitation rate to our natural areas and urban forests, and 80.6% of respondents considered that the importance of these areas, and access to them, either increased or greatly increased. Moreover 25.8% of the sample had either never, or very rarely accessed their local natural areas before the pandemic, but 69.2% of the first time or infrequent visitors reported that having access to these areas during COVID-19 as ‘very important’. People reported that these areas were important for a wide range of activities from exercise to birding, but also reported values related to reducing stress in a time of global chaos. Our results indicate the increasing demand and value of such areas in times of crisis such as COVID-19. Experts in zoonotic disease predict the potential for more frequent pandemic events, thus predicating the importance for continued funding for, maintenance of, and improved access to, natural areas to our largely urban civilization.


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