The relationship of financial stress with the timing of the initial claim of U.S. Social Security retirement income

2022 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 100362
Author(s):  
Donald Haurin ◽  
Stephanie Moulton ◽  
Caezilia Loibl
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Financial Stress ◽  
Retirement Income ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Research on the Relationship of Government Fiscal Revenue and Social Security Expenditure

2011 ◽  
Vol 403-408 ◽  
pp. 5278-5283
Author(s):  
Hong Lang Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Security System ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Local Finance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fiscal Revenue ◽  
Financial Power ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
China’S Economy

The rapid growth of China’s economy since reformation has attracted worldwide attention, among those various types of reformation, the measure of central government’s delegation of its financial power to local government is considered as one of the important factors that contribute to the astonishing economic growth. However, this measure also caused competition among regions as well as differences among each region in economic scale. In China with a ageing population structure, social security expenditure is always an important item among its local financial expenditures, and the burden of local finance. This article mainly researches whether various fund expenditures in security system are affected by the differences of development level and economic scale among each province, city and area in China. It summarized the development history of China’s security system, analyzed its problems existed, and summed up the relationship between social security system and government fiscal revenue.

scholarly journals Key Ideas on Mobility and Social Security after Brexit

ERA Forum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolores Carrascosa Bermejo
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Social Security ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis article provides a general understanding of the main aspects of mobility (no longer referred to as free movement) and social security coordination, in the Brexit international agreements that govern the relationship of the EU with the United Kingdom: the Withdrawal Agreement (WA) and the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA). The article shows that both topics, mobility (or migration) and social security coordination, were relevant to the origins of Brexit. Before analysing both Brexit Agreements, the article gives a comparative overview of them, considering their principal features and their relationship. The article then analyses the mobility and coordination of social security in each agreement from a practical perspective, giving examples and highlighting the significant differences in coverage that they generate for the different citizens included in their personal scope.

scholarly journals On the relationship of gold, crude oil, stocks with financial stress: A causality-in-quantiles approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debojyoti Das ◽  
Surya Bhushan Kumar ◽  
Aviral Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Muhammad Shahbaz ◽  
Haslifah M. Hasim
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Financial Stress ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Social Security and Its Relationship to Social Responsibility to The Teachers

2018 ◽  
Vol 216 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-216
Author(s):  
Assist Prof. Dr. GHazg Ghazi Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Security Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Degree Of Stability ◽  
High Level ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Researcher induced to carry out this study and the completion of this research. In light of what presented above , the research goals  identified by: 1.Identify the social security level of teachers through a criterion adopted by the researcher  had been prepared for this purpose by Tai 2006. Identify the level of social responsibility among teachers through a criterion adopted by the researcher had been prepared for this purpose by Tai 2006. Identify the correlation between social security and social responsibility of the teachers. Current research has been limited on a sample of six primary schools have been selected from the Second Directorate of Rusafa ,Baghdad, which fall within Almuallimeen area , Mashtal ,in Baghdad. In order to achieve the goals of current research, the researcher was depend on two criterions prepared by Tai 2006. The first criterion for Social Security and paragraphs which displayed on a group of experts to indicate the extent of the validity of its paragraphs, has been approved amounting to (35) paragraph, and also check to scale virtual honesty and extracted stability and of the degree of persistence (0.84) degree of persistence. The second criterion is the social responsibility which the virtual honesty had been  provided  through the presentation of its paragraphs on the group of experts, which had been of ( 40) paragraphs, and check its honesty ,the degree of stability had been extracted and amounted  (0.81). The results showed that there is the relationship of  correlation between the security social and  the social responsibility of the teachers who they possess a  social security, and that they have a high level of social responsibility towards their people and country. Through the interpretation of the results, showed  that the nature of socialization in Iraqi society has gave its members( including teachers) the ability to face the stress , crises and disappointments, and adapt with them , to get the feeling in  stability and social security that leads to a sense of taking the social responsibility.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

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