scholarly journals 217 Real-world chemotherapy adherence for Kaposi’s sarcoma in Sub-Saharan Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 139 (5) ◽  
pp. S37 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Oyesiku ◽  
S. Regan ◽  
N. Busakhala ◽  
F. Asirwa ◽  
M. Wenger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals The Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) gH/gL Complex Is the Predominant Neutralizing Antigenic Determinant in KSHV-Infected Individuals

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasaman Mortazavi ◽  
Salum J. Lidenge ◽  
Tara Tran ◽  
John T. West ◽  
Charles Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antigenic Determinant ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Viral Glycoproteins ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma Associated Herpesvirus

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), one of the most prevalent cancers of people living with HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. The seroprevalence for KSHV is high in the region, and no prophylactic vaccine against the virus is available. In this study, we characterized the antigenic targets of KSHV-specific neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in asymptomatic KSHV-infected individuals and KS patients with high nAbs titers. We quantified the extent to which various KSHV envelope glycoproteins (gB, ORF28, ORF68, gH, gL, gM, gN and gpK8.1) adsorbed/removed KSHV-specific nAbs from the plasma of infected individuals. Our study revealed that plasma from a majority of KSHV neutralizers recognizes multiple viral glycoproteins. Moreover, the breadth of nAbs responses against these viral glycoproteins varies among endemic KS, epidemic KS and asymptomatic KSHV-infected individuals. Importantly, among the KSHV glycoproteins, the gH/gL complex, but neither gH nor gL alone, showed the highest adsorption of KSHV-specific nAbs. This activity was detected in 80% of the KSHV-infected individuals regardless of their KS status. The findings suggest that the gH/gL complex is the predominant antigenic determinant of KSHV-specific nAbs. Therefore, gH/gL is a potential target for development of KSHV prophylactic vaccines.

scholarly journals Outcomes of patients with Kaposi's sarcoma who start antiretroviral therapy under routine programme conditions in Malawi

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon D Makombe ◽  
Anthony D Harries ◽  
Joseph Kwong-Leung Yu ◽  
Mindy Hochgesang ◽  
Eustice Mhango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Unfavourable Prognosis ◽  
Sub Saharan

AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most common AIDS-related malignancy in sub-Saharan Africa, with a generally unfavourable prognosis. We report on six-month and 12-month cohort treatment outcomes of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive KS patients and HIV-positive non-KS patients treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) in public sector facilities in Malawi. Data were collected from standardized antiretroviral (ARV) patient master cards and ARV patient registers. Between July and September 2005, 7905 patients started ART-488 (6%) with a diagnosis of KS and 7417 with a non-KS diagnosis. Between January and March 2005, 4580 patients started ART-326 (7%) with a diagnosis of KS and 4254 with a non-KS diagnosis. At six-months and 12-months, significantly fewer KS patients were alive and significantly more had died or defaulted compared to non-KS patients. HIV-positive KS patients on ART in Malawi have worse outcomes than other patients on ART. Methods designed to improve these outcomes must be found.

scholarly journals Substantial regional differences in human herpesvirus 8 seroprevalence in sub-Saharan Africa: Insights on the origin of the “Kaposi's sarcoma belt”

2010 ◽  
Vol 127 (10) ◽  
pp. 2395-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila C. Dollard ◽  
Lisa M. Butler ◽  
Alison M. Graves Jones ◽  
Jonathan H. Mermin ◽  
Midion Chidzonga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Human Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Herpesvirus 8 ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Task Shifting and Skin Punch for the Histologic Diagnosis of Kaposi's Sarcoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Public Health Solution to a Public Health Problem

Oncology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam O. Laker-Oketta ◽  
Megan Wenger ◽  
Aggrey Semeere ◽  
Barbara Castelnuovo ◽  
Andrew Kambugu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Task Shifting ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Histologic Diagnosis ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Whole-Genome Sequencing of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus from Zambian Kaposi's Sarcoma Biopsy Specimens Reveals Unique Viral Diversity

2015 ◽  
Vol 89 (24) ◽  
pp. 12299-12308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Landon N. Olp ◽  
Adrien Jeanniard ◽  
Clemence Marimo ◽  
John T. West ◽  
Charles Wood
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Phylogenetic Clustering ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan

ABSTRACTKaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiological agent for Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Both KSHV and KS are endemic in sub-Saharan Africa where approximately 84% of global KS cases occur. Nevertheless, whole-genome sequencing of KSHV has only been completed using isolates from Western countries—where KS is not endemic. The lack of whole-genome KSHV sequence data from the most clinically important geographical region, sub-Saharan Africa, represents an important gap since it remains unclear whether genomic diversity has a role on KSHV pathogenesis. We hypothesized that distinct KSHV genotypes might be present in sub-Saharan Africa compared to Western countries. Using a KSHV-targeted enrichment protocol followed by Illumina deep-sequencing, we generated and analyzed 16 unique Zambian, KS-derived, KSHV genomes. We enriched KSHV DNA over cellular DNA 1,851 to 18,235-fold. Enrichment provided coverage levels up to 24,740-fold; therefore, supporting highly confident polymorphism analysis. Multiple alignment of the 16 newly sequenced KSHV genomes showed low level variability across the entire central conserved region. This variability resulted in distinct phylogenetic clustering between Zambian KSHV genomic sequences and those derived from Western countries. Importantly, the phylogenetic segregation of Zambian from Western sequences occurred irrespective of inclusion of the highly variable genes K1 and K15. We also show that four genes within the more conserved region of the KSHV genome contained polymorphisms that partially, but not fully, contributed to the unique Zambian KSHV whole-genome phylogenetic structure. Taken together, our data suggest that the whole KSHV genome should be taken into consideration for accurate viral characterization.IMPORTANCEOur results represent the largest number of KSHV whole-genomic sequences published to date and the first time that multiple genomes have been sequenced from sub-Saharan Africa, a geographic area where KS is highly endemic. Based on our new sequence data, it is apparent that whole-genome KSHV diversity is greater than previously appreciated and differential phylogenetic clustering exists between viral genomes of Zambia and Western countries. Furthermore, individual genes may be insufficient for KSHV genetic characterization. Continued investigation of the KSHV genetic landscape is necessary in order to effectively understand the role of viral evolution and sequence diversity on KSHV gene functions and pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Routes to diagnosis of symptomatic cancer in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e038605
Author(s):  
Tanimola Martins ◽  
Samuel William David Merriel ◽  
William Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Complementary Medicine ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Sub Saharan

BackgroundMost cancers in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are diagnosed at advanced stages, with limited treatment options and poor outcomes. Part of this may be linked to various events occurring in patients’ journey to diagnosis. Using the model of pathways to treatment, we examined the evidence regarding the routes to cancer diagnosis in SSA.Design and settingsA systematic review of available literature was performed.MethodsThe Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Between 30 September and 30 November 2019, seven electronic databases were searched using terms relating to SSA countries, cancer and routes to diagnosis comprising the population, exposure and outcomes, respectively. Citation lists of included studies were manually searched to identify relevant studies. Furthermore, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global was searched to identify appropriate grey literature on the subject.Results18 of 5083 references identified met the inclusion criteria: eight focused on breast cancer; three focused on cervical cancer; two each focused on lymphoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma and childhood cancers; and one focused on colorectal cancer. With the exception of Kaposi’s sarcoma, definitive diagnoses were made in tertiary healthcare centres, including teaching and regional hospitals. The majority of participants initially consulted within primary care, although a considerable proportion first used complementary medicine before seeking conventional medical help. The quality of included studies was a major concern, but their findings provided important insight into the pathways to cancer diagnosis in the region.ConclusionThe proportion of patients who initially use complementary medicine in their cancer journey may explain a fraction of advanced-stage diagnosis and poor survival of cancer in SSA. However, further research would be necessary to fully understand the exact role (or activities) of primary care and alternative care providers in patient cancer journeys.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5692
Author(s):  
Sophie Grabar ◽  
Dominique Costagliola
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Kaposi's Sarcoma ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Kaposi’S Sarcoma ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Early Access ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Living With Hiv

Kaposi’s sarcoma is an angioproliferative tumor caused by human herpesvirus 8 in the context of immunodeficiency, such as that induced by HIV infection or immunosuppressive therapy. Its incidence has dramatically fallen in patients living with HIV (PLHIV) since the introduction of potent antiretroviral combinations 25 years ago due to the restoration of immunity and better control of HIV replication. However, KS is still one of the most frequently occurring cancers in PLHIV, in particular in men who have sex with men and in sub-Saharan Africa, where it is still endemic. Even in the context of restored immunity, the risk of KS is still more than 30 times higher in PLHIV than in the general population. Recent evidence indicates that early initiation of antiretroviral treatment, which is recommended by current guidelines, may reduce the risk of KS but it needs to be accompanied by early access to care. This review mainly focuses on the recent epidemiological features of KS in the context of HIV infection.

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