The transcriptome of anal papillae of Aedes aegypti reveals their importance in xenobiotic detoxification and adds significant knowledge on ion, water and ammonia transport mechanisms

2021 ◽  
pp. 104269
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Durant ◽  
Elia Grieco Guardian ◽  
Dennis Kolosov ◽  
Andrew Donini
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Xenobiotic Detoxification ◽  
Ammonia Transport ◽  
Anal Papillae

The anterior and posterior ‘stomach’ regions of larval Aedes aegypti midgut: regional specialization of ion transport and stimulation by 5-hydroxytryptamine

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Clark ◽  
A. Koch ◽  
D.F. Moffett
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ion Transport ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Regional Specialization ◽  
Negative Deflection ◽  
Electrical Polarity

The ‘stomach’ region of the larval mosquito midgut is divided into histologically distinct anterior and posterior regions. Anterior stomach perfused symmetrically with saline in vitro had an initial transepithelial potential (TEP) of −66 mV (lumen negative) that decayed within 10–15 min to a steady-state TEP near −10 mV that was maintained for at least 1 h. Lumen-positive TEPs were never observed in the anterior stomach. The initial TEP of the perfused posterior stomach was opposite in polarity, but similar in magnitude, to that of the anterior stomach, measuring +75 mV (lumen positive). This initial TEP of the posterior stomach decayed rapidly at first, then more slowly, eventually reversing the electrical polarity of the epithelium as lumen-negative TEPs were recorded in all preparations within 70 min. Nanomolar concentrations of the biogenic amine 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) stimulated both regions, causing a negative deflection of the TEP of the anterior stomach and a positive deflection of the TEP of the posterior stomach. Phorbol 12,13-diacetate also caused a negative deflection of the TEP of the anterior stomach, but had no effect on the TEP of the posterior stomach. These data demonstrate that 5-HT stimulates region-specific ion-transport mechanisms in the stomach of Aedes aegypti and suggest that 5-HT coordinates the actions of the Malpighian tubules and midgut in the maintenance of an appropriate hemolymph composition in vivo.

scholarly journals More actors in ammonia absorption by the thick ascending limb

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (3) ◽  
pp. F293-F297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Houillier ◽  
Soline Bourgeois
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Thick Ascending Limb ◽  
Loop Of Henle ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Sodium Hydrogen ◽  
Ammonia Transport ◽  
Ammonia Absorption

This review will briefly summarize current knowledge on the basolateral ammonia transport mechanisms in the thick ascending limb (TAL) of the loop of Henle. This segment transports ammonia against a concentration gradient and is responsible for the accumulation of ammonia in the medullary interstitium, which, in turn, favors ammonia secretion across the collecting duct. Experimental data indicate that the sodium/hydrogen ion exchanger isoform 4 (NHE4; Scl9a4) is a sodium/ammonia exchanger and plays a major role in this process. Disruption of murine NHE4 leads to metabolic acidosis with inappropriate urinary ammonia excretion and decreases the ability of the TAL to absorb ammonia and to build the corticopapillary ammonia gradient. However, NHE4 does not account for the entirety of ammonia absorption by the TAL, indicating that, at least, one more transporter is involved.

The Exchange of Labelled Sodium in the Larva of Aedes Aegypti L

1954 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 386-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN E. TREHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
External Medium ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
General Body ◽  
Anal Papillae

1. The exchange of labelled sodium between the external medium and the haemolymph and whole body has been investigated in the larva of Aedes aegypti. The time for half exchange was of the order of 62 hr. 2. It was found that most of the exchange of labelled sodium occurred through the anal papillae, although smaller amounts enter the haemolymph through the gut and general body surface. Transfer constants have been used to describe the resultant turnover of labelled sodium in the whole system. 3. The rate of uptake of sodium was independent of the external concentrations used in these experiments. 4. Potassium ions do not compete with sodium for uptake, which suggests that separate mechanisms are responsible for the accumulation of these two ions. 5. Larvae were able to retain the sodium in the haemolymph, with relatively little loss, in glass-distilled water. 6. The effect of temperature on the rate of uptake of labelled sodium has been investigated.

Aquaporin homologs and water transport in the anal papillae of the larval mosquito, Aedes aegypti

2012 ◽  
Vol 182 (8) ◽  
pp. 1047-1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesmilavathani Marusalin ◽  
Brieanne J. Matier ◽  
Mark R. Rheault ◽  
Andrew Donini
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Anal Papillae

681 Ammonia Transport Mechanisms in Rat Duodenum and Colon

2016 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. S141
Author(s):  
Yasutada Akiba ◽  
Izumi Kaji ◽  
Hyder Said ◽  
Jonathan D. Kaunitz
Keyword(s):  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
Ammonia Transport ◽  
Rat Duodenum

scholarly journals The Regulation of Osmotic Pressure and Chloride Concentration in the Haemolymph of Mosquito Larvae

1938 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. B. WIGGLESWORTH
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Mosquito Larvae ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Anal Papillae

The osmotic pressure of the haemolymph in well-fed larvae of Aedes aegypti and Culex pipiens is equivalent to 0.80-0.89% NaCl. During starvation it falls to 0.70% NaCl. The average chloride content of the haemolymph is equivalent to 0.30% NaCl in Aedes, 0.28% in Culex. The non-chloride fraction can be regulated so that the total osmotic pressure remains relatively constant in spite of wide variations in chloride content. The ability of mosquito larvae to take up chloride from dilute solutions (Koch, 1938) is confirmed. In a balanced salt medium both the chloride and osmotic pressure of the blood remain constant until the concentration of the medium reaches o.65-0.75% NaCl. Above this level a variable excess of chloride enters the larva and the total osmotic pressure rises so that it is always a little greater than that of the external medium. At high concentrations (above about 1.6%) the blood chloride rises excessively and all the larvae die. Comparative experiments show that Aedes aegypti is more efficient than Culex pipiens in absorbing and retaining chloride in dilute media, and Culex is perhaps a little better at keeping chloride out in more concentrated media. This difference accords with the difference in their natural breeding places. The anal papillae become greatly enlarged in media almost free from chloride (functional hypertrophy for chloride uptake (Koch, 1938)) and reduced in more concentrated media. The papillae of Culex are more labile in this respect, but the maximum development occurs in Aedes. The ability of larvae to absorb and retain chloride in dilute media is much reduced if they have been reared in more concentrated media. But after transfer to dilute media they soon recover this ability in spite of the reduction in size of the anal papillae. When the larva is deprived of oxygen, muscular activity causes a rise in the osmotic pressure of the blood from about 0.83 to 1.0 or 1.1% NaCl, and this change is associated with extraction of fluid from the tracheoles. But reasons are given for doubting that the level of fluid in the tracheoles is determined by a direct relation between capillarity and osmotic pressure of the blood.

scholarly journals Development of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito larvae in high ammonia sewage in septic tanks causes alterations in ammonia excretion, ammonia transporter expression, and osmoregulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea C. Durant ◽  
Andrew Donini
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Malpighian Tubules ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Vector Mosquito ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Rh Proteins ◽  
Anal Papillae ◽  
Excretory Organs

AbstractLarvae of the disease vector mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.) readily develop in ammonia rich sewage in the British Virgin Islands. To understand how the larvae survive in ammonia levels that are lethal to most animals, an examination of ammonia excretory physiology in larvae collected from septic-water and freshwater was carried out. A. aegypti larvae were found to be remarkably plastic in dealing with high external ammonia through the modulation of NH4+ excretion at the anal papillae, measured using the scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET), and NH4+ secretion in the primary urine by the Malpighian tubules when developing in septicwater. Ammonia transporters, Amt and Rh proteins, are expressed in ionoregulatory and excretory organs, with increases in Rh protein, Na+-K+-ATPase, and V-type-H+-ATPase expression observed in the Malpighian tubules, hindgut, and anal papillae in septic-water larvae. A comparative approach using laboratory A. aegypti larvae reared in high ammonia septic-water revealed similar responses to collected A. aegypti with regard to altered ammonia secretion and hemolymph ion composition. Results suggest that the observed alterations in excretory physiology of larvae developing in septic-water is a consequence of the high ammonia levels and that A. aegypti larvae may rely on ammonia transporting proteins coupled to active transport to survive in septic-water.

Studies on the Exchange and Regulation of Sodium in the Larva of Aedes Aegypti (L.)

1960 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 594-608
Author(s):  
R. H. STOBBART
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Flame Photometry ◽  
Cytological Changes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Anal Papillae ◽  
Carrier Mechanisms

1. The net transport of sodium into the haemolymph by sodium-deficient 4th-instar larvae of Aëdes aegypti (L.) has been studied by means of flame photometry. The fluxes associated with this net transport have been studied by means of 22Na. 2. The net transport is much more rapid in fed larvae (rate about 50 mM./l./hr.) than in starved larvae (rate about 10 mM./l./hr.). The fluxes are also much greater in the fed larvae. 3. The fluxes associated with net transport in fed and starved larvae are much greater (initially at any rate) than the fluxes occurring in normal fed and starved larvae during steady-state exchange. 4. In both fed and starved larvae almost all the net transport and the fluxes associated with it occur through the anal papillae, so these organs must be responsible for almost all the difference between fed and starved larvae in the rate of net transport and fluxes. 5. Cytological changes in the anal papillae following upon feeding and starvation are described. 6. The results are discussed in terms of possible carrier mechanisms in the anal papillae.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document