Credit crunches, individual heterogeneity and the labor wedge

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 65-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lini Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Individual Heterogeneity ◽  
Labor Wedge

scholarly journals Individual heterogeneity screened umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stromal cells with high Treg promotion demonstrate improved recovery of mouse liver fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Xie ◽  
Shuo Liu ◽  
Liudi Wang ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Chenxu Tai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ◽  
Growth Curve ◽  
Immune Regulation ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Mouse Liver ◽  
Individual Heterogeneity ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Multiple Donors

Abstract Background To investigate the heterogeneities of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells (HUCMSCs) derived from different donors and their therapeutic variations when applied to mouse liver fibrosis model. Methods The characteristics of HUCMSCs derived from multiple donors were comprehensively analyzed including expressions of surface markers, viability, growth curve, karyotype analysis, tumorigenicity, differentiation potentials, and immune regulation capability. Then, the HUCMSCs with distinct immunomodulatory effects were applied to treat mouse liver fibrosis and their therapeutic effects were observed. Results The HUCMSCs derived from multiple donors kept a high consistency in surface marker expressions, viability, growth curve, and tumorigenicity in nude mice but had robust heterogeneities in differentiation potentials and immune regulations. In addition, three HUCMSC lines applied to mice liver fibrosis model had different therapeutic outcomes, in line with individual immune regulation capability. Conclusion The HUCMSCs derived from different donors have individual heterogeneity, which potentially lead to distinct therapeutic outcomes in mouse liver fibrosis, indicating we could make use of the donor-variation of MSCs to screen out guaranteed general indicators of MSCs for specific diseases in further stromal cell therapy.

scholarly journals Socio-economic disparities in the dispensation of antibiotics in Sweden 2016–2017: An intersectional analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy

2021 ◽  
pp. 140349482098149
Author(s):  
Maria Wemrell ◽  
Cecilia Lenander ◽  
Kristofer Hansson ◽  
Raquel Vicente Perez ◽  
Katarina Hedin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Individual Heterogeneity ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Swedish Population ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Discriminatory Accuracy ◽  
Intersectional Analysis ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

Aims: Antimicrobial resistance presents an increasingly serious threat to global public health, which is directly related to how antibiotic medication is used in society. Actions aimed towards the optimised use of antibiotics should be implemented on equal terms and according to the needs of the population. Previous research results on differences in antibiotic use between socio-economic and demographic groups in Sweden are not entirely coherent, and have typically focused on the effects of singular socio-economic variables. Using an intersectional approach, this study provides a more precise analysis of how the dispensation of antibiotic medication was distributed across socio-economic and demographic groups in Sweden in 2016–2017. Methods: Using register data from a nationwide cohort and adopting an intersectional analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy, we map the dispensation of antibiotics according to age, sex, country of birth and income. Results: While women and high-income earners had the highest antibiotic dispensation prevalence, no large differences in the dispensation of antibiotics were identified between socio-economic groups. Conclusions: Public-health interventions aiming to support the reduced and optimised use of antibiotics should be directed towards the whole Swedish population rather than towards specific groups. Correspondingly, an increased focus on socio-economic or demographic factors is not warranted in interventions aimed at improving antibiotic prescription patterns among medical practitioners.

SHOCKS AND FRICTIONS IN THAI ECONOMY: THROUGH THE LENS OF BUSINESS CYCLE ACCOUNTING

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
VIMUT VANITCHAREARNTHUM
Keyword(s):  
Business Cycle ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Prime Factor ◽  
Aggregate Fluctuations ◽  
Aggregate Output ◽  
Business Cycle Accounting ◽  
Labor Wedge ◽  
Model Set ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Investment Fluctuation

This paper applies business cycle accounting methodology to analyze the sources of aggregate fluctuations in Thai economy, especially during the recent severe recessions in 1997–1998 and 2008–2009. This exploration helps researchers uncover possible shocks and frictions that drive business cycle in a small and open economy within a minimal model set-up. Under this methodology, a fluctuation in aggregate output can be accounted for by exogenous time-varying wedges, namely efficiency wedge, investment wedge, labor wedge, government wedge, etc. This study found that the efficiency wedge is essential in accounting for aggregate output, consumption and investment fluctuation, while the bond wedge, which only present in an open economy setting, is a prime factor in accounting for movement in current accounts. I conducted counterfactual experiments to see what accounts for the output drop during recent recessions. I find that the efficiency wedge played a key role in recent recessions in Thailand, while the investment wedge was accounted for slow economic recovery after the recessions.

scholarly journals Early‐life conditions determine the between‐individual heterogeneity in plasticity of calving date in reindeer

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amélie Paoli ◽  
Robert B. Weladji ◽  
Øystein Holand ◽  
Jouko Kumpula
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Individual Heterogeneity ◽  
Life Conditions ◽  
Early Life Conditions

scholarly journals A Predictive Model Assessing Genetic Susceptibility Risk at Workplace

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiarella ◽  
Capone ◽  
Carbonari ◽  
Sisto
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Genotype Frequency ◽  
Individual Heterogeneity ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Polymorphic Genes ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Social

(1) Background: The study of susceptibility biomarkers in the immigrant workforce integrated into the social tissue of European host countries is always a challenge, due to high individual heterogeneity and the admixing of different ethnicities in the same workplace. These workers having distinct cultural backgrounds, beliefs, diets, and habits, as well as a poor knowledge of the foreign language, may feel reluctant to donate their biological specimens for the biomonitoring research studies. (2) Methods: A model predicting ethnicity-specific susceptibility based on principal component analysis has been conceived, using the genotype frequency of the investigated populations available in publicly accessible databases. (3) Results: Correlations among ethnicities and between ethnic and polymorphic genes have been found, and low/high-risk profiles have been identified as valuable susceptibility biomarkers. (4) Conclusions: In the absence of workers’ consent or access to blood genotyping, ethnicity represents a good indicator of the subject’s genotype. This model, associating ethnicity-specific genotype frequency with the susceptibility biomarkers involved in the metabolism of toxicants, may replace genotyping, ensuring the necessary safety and health conditions of workers assigned to hazardous jobs.

scholarly journals Mapping the Production and Mobilization Functions of Collective Action

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 237802312097772
Author(s):  
Blaine G. Robbins ◽  
Ross L. Matsueda ◽  
Steven J. Pfaff
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Individual Heterogeneity ◽  
Average Production ◽  
Intentions To Participate

Collective action is a fundamental feature of human social life. If public goods are to materialize, social norms are to emerge, and social protests are to succeed, individuals must act jointly to achieve their collective ends. But how can collective action evolve when individuals receive the benefits of a common good without contributing to its production? According to theories of the critical mass, the success of collective action hinges on the type of production function required for the provision of a common good. Production functions and mobilization functions, however, have proven difficult to observe empirically in large groups. Here, the authors report results from a factorial survey experiment administered to a disproportionate stratified random sample of undergraduate students ( n = 880) that required respondents to rate their perceptions of and intentions to participate in a hypothetical student protest. Results show that the population-average production and mobilization functions are decelerating, but individual heterogeneity is observed around the population averages. Moreover, the experiment demonstrates that latent class trajectories of production and mobilization functions, rather than population-level consensus or complete individual heterogeneity, exist in the population. The authors show that the majority of latent class trajectories are decelerating, while a minority are linear or relatively constant. The authors find that subjective interest in the common good and attitudes toward protest predict membership in latent class trajectories. Importantly, the authors provide evidence for the predictive validity of their estimates. The authors discuss the implications of these results for theories of the critical mass and for promoting collective action.

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